He PD-14 engine turbofan ngā, he whakamātautau whakarite, whakamahi

I reira, ko te ahumahi rererangi kāinga i roto i te ahua o te kāwanatanga "whae": i runga i te ringa kotahi, he reira, i runga i te tahi atu - e kore rererangi hou pono whanaketanga kāinga i runga i te tau kua hipa, e kore matou i kite. Na "Super Jet" e kore e tatau, mai reira i Russia - anake "huihui huriwiri". Tumanako hoki te ahumahi rererangi ko te evocation o PD-14 āhuatanga engine (whakaritea ki analogues) e tuku ki a reira karanga tetahi o te pai i roto i nga tau tata nei.

tumanako nga ngā e ka whai wāhi i te whakatūnga o te pūkaha hou te pānga tino pai i runga i te āhua o te ahumahi rererangi motu katoa, me te ki te hanga o maha mahi hou.

Ko te kaupapa hou

He aha hanga tikanga engine hou PD-14? Āhuatanga (rite ki tauira ke) i taua e hiahiatia wawe ki te whakawhanake i te tahi mea ripeneta hou hou engines Russian. i arahina e te whakaaro o te hanga i te tipu te mana, e ka tonu ki te whakawhanake me te hanga i to ratou ake waka rererangi ki te kaha o 130 ki te 180 ngā tūru te kaihoahoa. Te motokā anake pāhihi i roto i tona piha haapiiraa, me te takenga tino Russian - Tu-214. Ko tōna production i roto i wā iti tonu i tenei ra.

Otiia e kore e he nui enei whawhati tata rererangi, Me matou taputapu ki te whakahou i te kaipuke katoa o te whenua. Ko ki te mahi i tenei, kahore engine tino hou - tino taea. e kore hoki ngā hangarau me āheinga e te mea e kore e hoatu e i roto i ki ratou ritenga i kaiwhakanao ārahi o te ao.

I roto i te whānui, e tika ana ki te ngā Ukrainian tata, me te oti whaturama o whanaunga i roto i te rängai ahumahi o whenua e rua, mahu'inga pūkaha nui PD-14 (ngā, faaauraa - i roto i tenei tuhinga) ko hoki i roto i te āhuatanga o te whakaoranga ki tonu o te hoahoa me te hanga o engines hau mīhini huri hiko i roto i to tatou whenua. I tua atu, i roto i te akoranga o tona mahere whakatū ki te whakaoti te maha o ngā raruraru nui:

• Whakaotia hanganga o te ahumahi rererangi ā na roto i te reallocating tūranga me te whai wāhi i roto i te kaupapa o ngā kaitākaro hou.
• I te pae hopea, e whakaritea ai ki te wehe i te wāhi o te kawenga, me te anō-hanga i te wehenga o te mahi i roto i te mara o te hanga o ngā hua rererangi, i tino i huna i te wa o te tiango o te Soviet Union.
• Ano, kei te tatau nga kaihanga kaupapa i runga i te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi polymeric me hiato hou, e kua hiahiatia kino ahumahi Aerospace hou.

Pehea te reira katoa i timata?

Ko te whakaaro e wawe me te whenua i te pūkaha rererangi hou, i whanau i roto i nga hohonu o "Aircraft Engine", ka ko te rangi te timatanga o 2000. Time i te mea tino uaua, engari no te mea i roto i te hono mo'oní tenei kaupapa, torutoru i whakapono.

Otiia āta a pūtake ako te whakahaere o mātanga i roto i tenei wa i te wheako ao i roto i te hanga o engines, me te ki te tātari i te mākete o te waka kāinga, e ngana ana ki te matapae he aha te ahua o te momo pūkaha i roto i te ahumahi rererangi ā kei roto i te tono tiketike. He aha rite kia tohaina engine PD-14? Āhuatanga (whakataurite me te rerekē) reira ki te tauira ke noa i ki te whakakite i tona painga i tohua.

Te aha? E mea ohie. I aua ra, i te hua o ngā kaiwhakanao rererangi ke ki "pana" to tatou hokohoko he tikanga tino pukuriri. Aue, i roto i kore mehua iti wāhi ki tenei, me etahi kaiwhakahaere. I teie mahana, e tika ana ki te aukati, e kore te mea pera hāngai te take. Ano, te āhua iho "ohorere" ka hiahia i roto i te taea o te hanga kāinga o engines. Na te kamupene o "Aircraft Engine" ka hohoro tahuri te arotahi o rua pāpāho kāinga me te ke.

Ko te whāinga matua o te kaupapa

Ko te mahi matua i te wa i ki te whakarato i te utu e manakohia, e pai kia te hua tino tīmata ki te hoko kaha. Ko reira e ki te whakaaro te waihanga i tētahi generator hau kotahi, me te ao. Ki te tutuki te reira, katahi ka taea ki te hanga i tētahi rārangi nui o tona ake taputapu ahumahi, e kore e taea, engari hari i to tatou whenua.

He aha te mea he pūkaha turbofan, te mau parau tumu o

Me pēhea te ki te mahino pai te painga e whakaratohia ana e te engine turbofan hou? Ko te parau tumu o te mahi o engines rite katoa he rite, engari no te mea kia kia uia te take i roto i te taipitopito ake, no te mea te kore pea ki te matau i te painga o hangarau hou.

Turbofan i roto i te tuhinga tuku ki engines ki te ōwehenga karo tiketike. Ko te āhuatanga ko te aroaro o te tahi diameter nui, i roto i nei e tika ana i te pūkaha tonu rōrahi rawa nui o rangi. Nā ki te rahi nui o nga wahi o te pūkaha pupuha waho pinepine riro rawa "rahi", engari no te mea i mutua te reira. Hei kupu i reira he kore mōrea o te rangi arepurepuraa i roto i te hoahoa ngā nga vanes, e tahuri te rere o te hau o te ranunga i roto i te aronga e hiahiatia ana.

Nä, i runga i te pūtake o ona mahi e kaha haamana'oraa o te engines pere, engari te rere te ranu ratou i whakaritea e kore e kitea. Ko te painga o engines turbofan ko e te jet putanga atu i te pere "te putorino", i roto i tenei take, inā he tahi atu, i te mea he puna kaha o te aki. E hua reira kahore iti iho i te 70-80% o te umeraa katoa. Ko te kupu, Ko tino economical te pūkaha rererangi PD-14. Ko te aratau roto o nga engines tata rawa tuarua hoahoa o tauira tākirirangi, engari he tahi-peia ratou mua "i roto i ngā" kaupae.

Huapai me ngā huakore

Ka rite ki me ona "whanaunga" pūkaha rererangi PD-14 He rua taha pai, me te kino katoa. I roto i ona kaha ngā pai tiketike, e hanga whānui whakamahi o enei tipu te mana noa i runga i ara roa-hao.

He aha e ia kohakore? Ko te tino nui - he rahi rawa nui me te taimaha tika. Ahakoa nga tautooraa pai o Engineers me pūtaiao, whakarato engines turbofan nui ātete ki te airflow kia ahu i roto i te rere. Kei te riro te reira e ka e faatiti'aifarohia tenei raruraru, no te reira e ara ki te whakaiti i to ratou āhuatanga whānui.

rerekētanga whakatairite

Ko te pūkaha turbofan hou, te parau tumu o te mea rite ki te "puāwaitanga" ki ngā tauira kāinga, ano rawa rerekē mai, ia ratou. O te akoranga, te rerekētanga "i te kanohi" kitea anake ki Engineers. Ki te whakarite koe i te reira ki te tauira o te PS-90A (IL-96, Tu-214, Il-76), he mea tonu kite, e kore e wehi o te kupu, he tupeke kounga i roto i te tukanga hangarau me te taea.

nui haere Karo ōwehenga rite rua, te pāmahana hau i te tomokanga ki te mīhini huri hiko nui haere tonu ki te 100 K, te tapeke tohu o kōpeketanga (i raro i ngā tikanga) nui haere e 20-50%. I roto i rite ki te momo i runga-whakahuatia o engines kāinga, ka taea te hou engine rererangi PD-14 ki a koe te whakaora i te iti rawa 12-16% atu wahie.

penapena taimaha

Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i te hangarau hoahoa pūkaha rererangi ā-motu whakamahia i roto i te hanga o matatahi mīhini huri hiko ateatenga o alloys Titanium nui-kaha.

homai tenei te whakaora taimaha o te 30%, he katoa rererangi hou engine whakahaerehia PD-14 e pā ana ki 10%. Ano i te Perm Motor Plant inaianei taukei te hangarau o te hanga o kotahi-karaihe matatahi mīhini huri hiko mahi. Kua paku e ka tukua tenei huarahi ki te whakaara i te pāmahana whakahaere o te hau tika ki runga ki te 2000 K.

I tua atu, kei te haere te kamupene motu tuatahi i roto i te hoahoa me te hanga o engines ki te whakamahi i taua nui o ngā rauemi hiato waerau. Ki te huarahi taua kore tino anake heke taimaha pūkaha engari neke ake ano te tona kaha, me te ātete ki overloads.

Ko te uara o te nekeneke hou

Ka rite mea matou i te timatanga rawa o te tuhinga, e kore koutou e taea e te waihanga i tetahi rererangi hou, e kore te whakawhanake hou Pehu-mua. Ki te te hou āta katoa kia whakaritea: ka hohoro tīmata engine whakamātautau PD-14 i roto i te puka o te State arowhai ... Ko te aha te huru o waka ka kia rite rawa ki a ratou?

Kei te riro te reira e rawa hoki enei motors ka hanga MS-21 rererangi (kātua, rautau 21). Ki te te te haere tino tenei ki te kia whakatinana, ka taea tatou te kōrero e pā ana ki te pakaruhanga tūturu, te wa tuatahi mai i nga wa Soviet i roto i to tatou whenua, ka kia tino hanga te tahi mea hou. Nui atu, ka hanga i te pūkaha Russian PD-14 te whānuitanga katoa o te rererangi hou hangaia ki te mahi i rite te rerenga roa-hao me ngā ūnga o ngā rārangi ā-. Tae noa tata, ka mea katoa e rererangi Russian whai ki te kia rite rawa anake ki engines kawemai. whakakitea teie mahana e ko te reira Waimarie kore te take.

He aha ngā mīhini e haere ana ki te pīkau i a ratou?

Kua tenei ra ko reira kitea e taea te hoahoa nekeneke kotahi hou ki te kia whakamahia reira pai i roto i te pāhihi e kore anake, engari ano hoki i runga i rererangi waka. Mai te mea te reira piko rite nui rite 14 taranata, e taea te tāuta i tenei tauira i runga i MS-21-200 / 300/400. He pono ka whakaaetia kia ratou ki te whakaoti i IL-76 me IL-214. He he mōhiohio e pā ana ki te timatanga o te hanganga o te putanga noa ake kaha ki te aki o 18 taranata, e ko, te PD-18. Ko te tikanga te reira ki te kia whakamahia i runga i te waka rererangi Tu-214 me IL-96. faahaamana'o tatou e kua rite rawa katoa o enei mihini ki te "Oldies" PS-90A.

Ano, ko te pūrongo ngā e kua kua oti whakaritea, me te hanga o te putanga marama o tenei pūkaha ki te aki o tekau taranata. Ka taea e tatou amo e ka whakamahia ai hoki te hanga o te roa-te mauiui "Superjet" hoko engines hoki i France he inaianei kahore tetahi e hiahia ana. I te pae hopea, i reira ka whakatakotoria ano ki runga i te, Helicopter putanga motuhake o te pūkaha, ka e kia oti ki te rongonui waka "kau", topatopa ia Mi-26.

Ki tenei ra, whakamahia i roto i te hanga o enei mihini i engines Ukrainian D-136. whakaatu Ahakoa tātaitanga tuatahi e te whakaritenga ngā mo aua engines he nui atu i nui ki te taupoki ana i te utu katoa, i whiwhi nei i roto i te whanaketanga o te hangarau hou. Kei te whakaritea te reira ki te whakaara i te iti rawa 70 piriona moni o haumi, hawhe o ratou - i te pūtea e hānga ana. E whakaatu ana te tūkunga muri pehea he tika tenei kaupapa mo te whenua.

He aha te he ki te tawhito PS90-A?

Ko te pūkaha hōu mo MS-21, PD-14 - he whakatupuranga hou engines matangirua-toko. I tua atu, ko reira tino hototahi ki te whakarerekētanga rererangi tawhito āhua. Na tika "hōia" o IL-76, te ao hou, e te e hakune mai whakamutunga tau, ka tāuta i runga i te pūkaha hou e taea rere atu i te torutoru nga mano tini o haora. I tua atu, he reira e taea ki te whakapiki ake i te whānuitanga rere i wha ki te rima mano kiromita, me kore kawenga, a ka nui ake i te tawhiti, he mano kiromita, ka heke kohi wahie e pā ana ki 14%. He nui rawa te whakamutunga, no te mea whakawhetai ki a ia, ka whakaiti i te utu o te kawe i te ton o utanga i kotahi e 10%.

Ko te kupu, ko te nekeneke tawhito, tika mahi ratou mahi wā me whakawhanakehia i roto i te USSR tae noa e te reira tona mahi, ko te whakaritenga hou, ia kore hāngai. Ko te raruraru matua - kohi wahie tiketike, me te nui haere haruru. I roto i te parau tumu, kua mohiotia taua mea mo te wa roa, engari i te kaupae raima ki te whakatika i te āhuatanga, me te te hanga i hanga he pūkaha hou inaianei anake. Ko reira tika ki te mea i teie nei anake te taputapu e tika ana katoa mo te mahi.

kātipa mōhiohio e pā ana ki te ahunga whakamua

Mana, kua te pūkaha i roto i te whanaketanga mai 2008, engari i roto i te meka i tona hanganga o te rōpū pūmanawa o kaihoahoa tīmata hoki i roto i te 1999.

I roto i te 2012, mo te wa tuatahi huihuia te putanga demo tonu. I te wa taua i reira ko te kaha ngā pūnaha patuiro gasifier, nana nei i tuku nga wero matua ki kaihoahoa. Ki te rā, kua pai to'o mea kohakore katoa. Hoki te wā tuatahi whakarewahia te pūkaha Perm i roto i waenganui-2012. I te wa ano i kitea nga kaihoahoa e he rite ki te āhua mahi o ngā take, atu i nei whakakaha ratou whakapono i roto i te hiahia akiaki mō te whakatū i te hanga o engines hou uara hoahoa tiketike.

tuatahi whakaritea whakamātautau pae ki te kia oti e toru tau ki muri, engari e tika ana ki etahi raruraru i reira he taunakitanga e tonu ratou i roto i te wahi ki tenei ra. E tika ana e ka timata i tēnei tau production papatipu, me mo te tau kia kohikohi Permian engines hou e kore e iti iho i te rua, e toru ranei, tatini. A ko reira - nohinohi rawa, rite Aviator kāinga whakapono e i reiti nāianei o ngā rerenga e 2019, kia kawea engines rererangi i roto i roto i te tere Titanic - 200 ngā tūemi i roto i te 12 marama. Kei te tumanako te reira e ka e taea ki te "wahia" te kaupapa te ahumahi motu.

He aha e pā ana ki MS-21?

timata hoki te mōhiohio wā tuatahi ki te tīmata te mahi i runga i te hanga o te waka rererangi hou ki te tae i te timatanga o whakamutunga tau. Ki te rā, kua mohiotia ai e i te rererangi tipu Irkutsk kē te kohia e te takere tuatahi o te airliner motu hou, e te mohiotia pai i raro i te "unofficial" ingoa Yak-242 i roto i to ratou taiao.

Parirau o nga rauemi hiato ahurei kohia i roto i Ulyanovsk. Te nuinga pea, kua tae kē te reira i roto i Irkutsk. pāpāho Domestic i ratou māngai i te hinonga, papu i korero e ka e taea ki te piki tenei raumati i roto i te rangi i te poari tuatahi. Kua paku e kua kē te kaiwhakanao he totoka 175 kirimana mo te hanganga me te supply o MS-21. Kiritaki i maha ngā rōpū nui, e ngā ara Sberbank, ngā te tuku o te waka rererangi hou mō te riihi.

He he ano hoki ngā mōhiohio e kia ato'a whakahau ai tetahi 100 rererangi o tenei momo, e e mahi kāinga e kore anake, engari ano hoki kaiwhakamäori ke rite kiritaki. Ko te tino ahurei tenei karere, no te mea ka mau te wa tangata whakamutunga te moni i roto i to tatou rererangi pāhihi anake i roto i te wa Soviet.

Ko te faufaa o te kaupapa MS-21 Ko e ko te reira - te manureva motu tuatahi, me te anake, hanga takitahi me kahore te whakamahi o te mahi tawhito o te Uniana o te wa, e kore e whakamahi wāhanga ke. I runga i te rere aru i rererangi tuatahi ka kia tukua o tenei tohu i muri anake i te otinga whakamutunga o nga mea katoa o whakamātautau rere, me te pae, e tonu ki tenei ra.

ngā kitenga

Ko te kupu, he pūkaha hou fafau - he pakaruhanga tūturu puta noa i te ahumahi kāinga me, i roto i ngā, rererangi ā-. Ki te whakaaro ki te hiahia mo enei motors, he reira nui. Kua he hītori roa o kawe kāinga mea kahore e ratou vēkeveke rawa ki te hoko te solia rererangi kawemai, he rauemi tata te i pau. Otiia i kore i taea e te ahumahi motu whakahere ratou tetahi mea e tika ana.

I teie mahana i reira ko te pūkaha me te rererangi. Mai ki fakangofua ia to matou ahua, ki wāhitanga hoko te tahi mea ki waho ko kore, me skyrocketing rate utu kore e tāpiri ki te painga o tenei whakatau. Na e he whai wāhitanga nui te kaupapa motu. Kei te tumanako te reira e kore te ahumahi e kore a ka taea ki te whakarato kaihanga ki nga oko e tika ana katoa.