Mana hiko - he aha te mea tenei? Whanaketanga me ngā raruraru o te hiko Russian

Ahumahi i roto i tetahi whenua ngā o te momo nui o ngā ahumahi, pērā i engineering hiko ranei. Ko nga ahunga i roto i nei ki te whakawhanake i whenua motuhake, me te i roto i whenua rerekē kia whai nako rerekē enei, i runga i ngā āhuatanga maha, pēnei i ngā rauemi māori, te whanaketanga hangarau, a na runga i rānei. E hāngai ana tēnei tuhinga ki runga i tetahi tino nui, me te tere tipu ki te ahumahi rā - i runga i te mana hiko. ahumahi Power - he rängai i e kua whakawhanake hoki nga tau maha tonu, engari he mea i roto i nga tau tata nei, ia kua kaha neke whakamua, e aki ana tangata ki te whakamahi o atu puna pūngao taiao.

He aha te mea te reira?

Na, ko reira te tuatahi e tika ana ki te matau he aha te mea tenei ahumahi katoa. mana Electric - ko te wehenga pūngao, i te kawenga mō te hanga, tohatoha, tuku me te hoko o te hiko, ko te. I roto i te tahi atu peka o tenei poi o ahumahi mana hiko ko te rongonui tino me whānui i te whānuitanga o ngā take. Hei tauira, no te mea o tona noho pai o tohatoha, te taea o tona whakawhiti runga i tawhiti mo te poto wā wa taea, me te tika ki tona ringa rehe e - pūngao hiko he kahore raruraru, ki te tika ke ki ētahi atu momo o te pūngao pērā i te wera, te marama, matū, me te pera i runga i. Ko te kupu, ko reira te whanaketanga o te ahumahi utu aro nui ki te kāwanatanga o te mana ao. mana Electric - ko te ahumahi hoki e te heke mai. Ko te aha e rave rahi iwi whakaaro, me e te aha e hiahia ana koe ki te pānui i ētahi atu pārongo e pā ana ki reira te whakamahi i tēnei tuhinga.

mana whakatupuranga Kaunuku

Na e taea mahino kakato koe pehea nui ko reira hoki te ao, te ahumahi, he mea e tika ana ki te titiro i te āhua o te ahumahi mana ko te whanaketanga puta noa i te hītori o tona oraraa. Tonu ko reira ia tapao e tohua te hanga o te hiko i roto i te pirioni o haora kirowati. I roto i te 1890, i te mea kua timata noa te hiko ki te whakawhanake, te whakaputa iwa piriona kirowati / haora. puta peke Big i roto i 1950, ka kawea atu hoki rau nga wa neke atu i te atu hiko. Mai reira, kua whanaketanga kua akauroa nui - ia tekau tau i honoa i te torutoru mano piriona Kw / h. Ka rite ki te hua, i te 2013 i hanga te mana ao i roto i te nui o 23,127 trillion Kw / h - he ahua whakaponohia e tonu ki te tupu nga tau. Ki te rā, i homai te nuinga o te hiko China me te Hononga o Amerika o Amerika - enei whenua e rua i te ahumahi hiko tino whakawhanakehia. China Pūkete hoki 23 ōrau o te hiko katoa hangaia i roto i te ao, me te US hea - 18 ōrau. E aru ana ratou e Japan, Russia ko India - ia o enei whenua i te iti rawa e wha ngā wā wahi iti o ao hanga hiko kua. Well, inaianei e mohio ana koutou hoki, me te geography whānui o te hiko - te reira te wā ki te haere ki ngā momo motuhake o ahumahi.

whakatupuranga mana waiariki

kua mohio koe e te hiko - ko te rāngai pūngao, me te pūngao ano, i roto i te tahuri, ko te peka o te ahumahi rite te katoa. Heoi, kouru e kore mutu i reira - te hiko, i reira e rave rahi momo, he tino noa, me te whakamahia nuitia etahi o ratou, e kore etahi e pera rongonui. He kē ahumahi mana hiko, e whakamahi ana tikanga rereke ki te whakatutuki i nui-tauine hiko production, kahore tükino i te taiao, me te te neutralization o nga āhuatanga kino o ngā tikanga tuku iho. Ko nga mea tuatahi te tuatahi.

Ko te mahi tuatahi, ko te ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te rāngai mana waiariki, mai te mea te tino noa, me te pai-mohiotia katoa i runga i te ao. Pehea he hiko i roto i tenei ara? Ka taea e ngāwari tetahi whakaaro e i roto i tenei take i reira ko te faafariuraa pūngao waiariki ki hiko, me te whiwhi wera e tahu ngā kora. Ka taea te kitea te wera ngā me te mana i roto i te tata whenua katoa - ko reira te tukanga tino ohie, me te watea o te whiwhi nui o te pūngao i te utu iti. Heoi, ko reira tenei tukanga, me te ko tetahi o te kino tino ki te taiao. Tuatahi, ki te whakaputa hiko mā te whakamahi i kora matatoka, ake nei i whai ki te mutunga. Tuarua, kei te tukua ngā hua parariraa ki te huru, a pau iho i te reira. Ko te aha i reira he tikanga o te whakaputa hiko kē. Heoi, e kore he hiko tuku iho katoa tenei - i reira e te tahi atu, a ka ka arotahi matou ki runga ki a ratou.

Te ahumahi mana karihi

Ka rite ki i roto i te take o mua, ina whakaaro te ahumahi mana karihi taea ako nui i te taitara. whakaputaina whakatupuranga Power i roto i tenei take i roto i reactors karihi, te wahi i te wāwāhi o ngota me ratou otaota mai wehenga - rite ki te hua o enei mahi puta te pūngao paheke nui ka te nei puta ki te hiko. Ko reira pea e mohio tetahi atu e ko te hiko tino haumaru tenei. Ahumahi, e kore whenua katoa he tona wahi o te hanga o te hiko karihi ao. Tetahi leakage o te pūrere taua taea arahi ki hopearaa catastrophic - nui ki te mahara Chernobyl, me te te ohipa i roto i Tapone. Aita i maoro a'e, Heoi, he mea hoatu te haumarutanga ake me te ake aro, tipu te mana kia karihi hanga i roto i te heke mai.

huringa

Ko tētahi atu huarahi rongonui ki te whakaputa i te hiko, ko te ki te whiwhi i te reira i te wai. puta tenei tukanga i roto i ngā teihana mana hurihiko, e kore e rapua e te reira i tetahi tukanga wehenga karihi ngota mōrearea ranei kino ki te weranga wahie taiao, engari ano hoki he ona huakore. Tuatahi, ko reira he takahi o te rere tūturu o awa - hanga e ratou te katua, i nei hanga te wai e tika ana mo nga kapohau, a ko te kupu riro pūngao. E mea pinepine, e tika ana ki te hanga o pāpuni ringihia me mate awa, ngā roto, me te tahi atu awa wai māori, kia kore koe e taea e te mea e ko te kōwhiringa tino mo tenei rāngai pūngao tenei. Fakatatau ki ai, e kore e tukinotia maha kamupene te mana hiko ki ngā puka tuku iho, me te rerekē o te kaha whakatupuranga.

mana kē

whakatupuranga mana kē - ko te kohinga o ngā momo o hiko, i tua atu i te tuku iho te nuinga i te meka e kore ratou e rapu utu i te tono o te momo ngā o te kino ki te taiao, a kahore e waiho i raro ki kahore tetahi i roto i te ati. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te hauwai, tai, poipoi me te tokomaha atu momo. Ko te noa tino o enei he hau, me te mana solar. E ratou hāngai - he tokomaha whakapono e he reira hoki ratou te heke mai o te ahumahi. He aha te mea te uho o enei momo?

Wind mana - he ki te tiki hiko i te hau. I roto i nga mara o Windmills e hanga, e he tino pai, me te tuku mo te pūngao ko kore nui kino atu i te tikanga whakaahuatia ana i runga, engari mo te mahi o kapohau hau Me anake hau. O te akoranga, te ngoikoretanga o tenei tikanga ko e te hau - ko te huānga e kore e taea e taua pehia ki tenei, engari kei te mahi kairangahau ki te whakapai ake i te taumahinga o Windmills hou. Ko te pūngao kōmaru, i reira he hiko i takea mai i hihi o te ra. Ko te take ki te tirohanga o mua rite, i reira he ano Me ki te mahi ki te whakapiki ake i te kaha rokiroki rite te ra e whiti ana, ko te kore tonu - ranei ara, ki te he kapua te rangi, i roto i tetahi take, i etahi wāhi i reira mai te po, no te kore e taea e te awhi solar hua hiko.

te tuku mana

Well, inaianei e mohio ana koutou ki nga momo matua katoa o te mana whakatupuranga, Heoi, rite koutou e taea e matau i te whakamāramatanga o te hiko, whiwhi kore te katoa whāiti. Ko te pūngao e tika ana ki te tuku me te tohatoha. Ko te kupu, te mana hiko tuku te i runga i ngā rārangi mana. Tenei conductors konganuku e hanga he whatunga hiko nui puta noa i te ao. I mua rārangi rauata tino maha whakamahia - te mea ka taea e kite koe i haere i te ara, maka i tetahi tīwae ki tetahi. Aita i maoro a'e, Heoi, kua whakatakotoria te whakanui ake i te rārangi taura rongonui whiwhi raro.

Ko te hītori o te whanaketanga o Russian ahumahi mana hiko

ka anga Russian ahumahi mana hiko ki te whakawhanake i te wa ano, a ka te ao - i roto i te 1981, ka kua pai te whakatinana i te tuku o te mana hiko mo te wa tuatahi i roto i te tata e rua rau kiromita. I roto i te vairaa mau o mua-orurehau ahumahi mana hiko Russian kua underdeveloped mīharo - ko te putanga ā-tau o te hiko i runga i te taua whenua nui anake 1.9 piriona Kw / h. A, no te ka mau te revolution wahi, fokotu'u Vladimir Ilich Lenin e mahere Electrification Russia, i tīmata te whakatinanatanga tonu. Kua i roto i 1931 ka hapu ia i te mahere kua mahi ana, engari i te tere o te whanaketanga kua na mīharo e na 1935, nui te mahere i toru nga wa. Ngā mihi ki tenei whakahou, kua na 1940 te putanga hiko ā-tau i roto i Russia moni ki 50 piriona Kw / h, i te mea e rua tekau-rima nga wa neke atu i te aroaro o te revolution. Kia aroha mai, kua whakaari te ahunga whakamua kua haukotia e te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, Heoi, i muri i rio mai tona otinga, me 1950, unuhia ana ake te Soviet Union 90 piriona kWh / h, i ko e pā ana ki tekau ōrau o te whakatupuranga hiko whānui puta noa i te ao. E nga waenganui-Heoi, ka haere mai te Soviet Union i wahi tuarua i roto i te ao o te kaha whakatupuranga, me tuarua ki te United States anake. noho te āhuatanga i te taumata tiketike taua ra ano te parariraa o te USSR, ka kore i te kaha hiko te ahumahi anake kua nui i tukua hoki o tenei hui e. New ture i runga i Hiko, i roto i nei i roto i te tekau tau e haere mai kia te whanaketanga tere o tenei ahumahi i roto i Russia i hainatia i 2003. Na kei te tino neke te whenua i roto i taua aronga. Ko kotahi te mea - ki te haina i te ture i runga i Hiko, me tetahi atu rawa - ki te whakatinana i te reira. Ko te kupu tenei e kia kōrero atu. e mohio ana koe he aha i tenei ra i reira he raruraru o te ahumahi mana hiko o Russia, a ka e kia tīpakohia te ara ki te whakaoti ia ratou.

Taikaha kaha hiko whakatupuranga

Ko Russian ahumahi mana hiko i roto i te huru pai nui atu i ko reira kotahi tekau tau ki muri, kia humarie taea tatou te mea e te ahunga whakamua, ko te. Heoi, i te forum pūngao tata i nga raruraru matua o te ahumahi i roto i te whenua. Na te tuatahi o ratou - te toenga o te hiko whakatupuranga kaha, i meinga e te papatipu o te kaha iti o te tipu te mana hanga i roto i te Soviet Union hei utu o te hanga i te maha iti o ngā tipu te kaha nui. Me katoa o enei teihana tonu ki te mau tonu, na te rua i roto o te āhuatanga. Ko te tuatahi - ko te kaha putanga o te mahi. e kia tino tika tenei kōwhiringa, ki te kahore hoki te utu nui o te kaupapa taua. Na reira, he pea ki te neke i roto i te ahunga o te putanga tuarua, ara te hua i roto i te kohi Russia.

whakauru kawemai

I muri i te kupu whakataki o te ahumahi Russian teihana uru te rawa whāia ua ratou fakafalala i runga i kai ke - pānga nui tenei te rāngai hiko, te wahi tata tetahi o nga ao hou o te mahi te tukanga katoa o te hanga o etahi generators kore tango i te wahi anake i roto i te rohe o te Russian Federation. Nä, whakaaro te Kāwanatanga ki te whakapiki ake i hanga āheinga i roto i te aronga tika, ki te whakahaere i to ratou wāhi, me te ngana nui taea ki te pehea o te ti'aturiraa i runga i kawemai.

hau ma

Ko te raruraru ko te e hou kamupene Russian mahi i roto i te rängai hiko e whakapokea rawatia te rangi. Heoi, ko te Tāhuhu o te Taiao o te Russian Federation ki te whakakaha ture, a ka piki kohikohi whaina mō maumaui. Kia aroha mai, e kore e kamupene e mamae i reira whakamahere ki te tamata ki te arotau ratou production - maka e ratou nga ope katoa i ki te kuru i te "matomato" maha, a ka rapu utu ture mitigation.

pirioni o nama

Ki te rā, te tapeke nama o nga kaiwhakamahi hiko puta noa Russia ko e pā ana ki 460 piriona moni Russian. O te akoranga, ki te i te whenua i te tikanga o te moni katoa i nama ia, e whakawhanake ia nui tere atu i te hiko. Na reira, whakaaro te kāwanatanga ki te toughen te whiu mo roa i roto i te utu o ngā pire hiko, a ka ani manihini te hunga e kore e nei hiahia ki te utu i te pire i roto i te heke mai, tāuta ratou ake awhi solar me te supply pūngao iho takitahi.

mākete whakaritea

Ko te raruraru matua o te ahumahi mana motu - te mākete, ko te adjustability tonu. I roto i te whenua Pākehā, he tata rawa ngaro te ture o te mākete pūngao, te wahi i reira ko te whakataetae tūturu, na kei te whakawhanake i te ahumahi tere. enei ture katoa me te ture nui haukoti i te whanaketanga o me rite ki te hua o te Russian Federation kua tīmata kē te hoko hiko i Finland, kei hea he te nuinga unregulated te mākete. Ko te otinga anake ki tenei raruraru - te whakawhitinga ki te tauira mākete noa me te makanga oti o te ture.