He pukapuka poto o te ora, me te mahi o Chekhov

I teie mahana korero tatou e pā ana ki Anton Chekhov - e pā ana ki tona ora. Na mahi a Chekhov ka kia te aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga. Kia tīmata te ki te haurongo poto, a ka whakamārama katoa i roto i te taipitopito.

He pukapuka poto o te ora, me te mahi A. P. Chehova

• whanau Anton Pavlovich Chehov i 17 (29) Hanuere 1860 i Taganrog. Ko te hapu o tona matua - Chehovy Pavel Georgievich (kaihokohoko) me Evgenia Yakovlevna.
• Ko te wā i 1876 ki te 1878 - tenei wa, te ngā tuhituhi tuatahi o te kaituhi.
• Hono ako i te University o Moscow, i te Faculty o Medicine, puritia i roto i te 1879-1884, aua.
• I roto i te 1880 whakaputaina e ia nga mahi tuatahi te o te kaituhi, me te kawea ratou mahi i roto i roto i ngā makasini kōmeke "Alarm karaka", "Kongakonga," "kapokapowai".
• I roto i te 1890, ka haere Chekhov ki te motu o Sakhalin.
• ka anga ia mahi i roto i 1898 ki te Moscow Art Theatre, i tū i te wa ano te tuatahitia o te tākaro "koekoea".
• faaipoiporaa OL ki Olga Knipper - 1901.
• 1903-1904 gg. - I te tuatahi tū te tākaro i te Moscow Art Theatre i raro i te ingoa o "Te Cherry Orchard."
• I roto i te 1904, 2 (15) o Hōngongoi, ka mate te kaituhi i Badenweiler, i roto i te huihui Tiamana.

Na, tatou whakaahua poto te ora, me te mahi o Chekhov. Ripanga, e taea te hanga i tenei pukapuka, ka āwhina i ki a koe pai whakawhenumi i te mōhiohio, ki te hiahia koe ki te mahara ngā rā matua e pā ana ki te tangata o Anton Chekhov.

Ki te hiahia koe ake i roto i-hohonu mohio o te haurongo, ka tauturu ia koe i te whakahuahua tika taipitopito o te ora, me te mahi o Chekhov e kua hanga e matou, me te tuku ki tou aro i tenei ra.

I roto i te te kāinga ona matua,

whanau Chehov Anton Pavlovich i roto i Taganrog. Tona koroua ko te serf i whanau, engari ka hokona hoki ia ko tona hapu, a mahi muri kaiwhakahaere whenua (kitea etahi o nga āhuatanga o tona whakapakoko i roto i te huru o nga kauri "Te Cherry Orchard"). puritia Matua Anton Pavlovich he falekoloa, engari rerekē ngoikore ki te whakahaere take ōhanga, he koretake. I roto i te piri tona huru nui: homai ki tamariki taranata toi (Paora G. pai i tuhi, engari ano hoki aroha o waiata, te tākaro i te wairingi, i aroha waiata hahi) ki te imperiousness me taimaha-ringa ki te faatura ki te whānau me ētahi atu. Chekhov, mahara tona tamarikitanga, tuhituhi ki Alexander, tona tuakana i roto i 1883 e kawa tamarikitanga i mamae. despotism Family me te whiu whakawhanakehia i roto i Chekhov makanga o te tutu, me te parau-tia ore, te hiahia mo te rangatiratanga, he tikanga â o te kiritau-.

Independence i roto i te ora

A wawe ka motuhake auahatanga, me te ora o Chekhov o. I roto i tona hapu, tamariki hohoro ka motuhake. Ua tauturu tama i roto i te hokohoko, i te tau wawe mahi i roto i te toa. Anton Pavlovich kia i rumakina te kuao tau i roto i te taiao whare: horoia e ia te fare, haere ki te mākete, kawea wai, horoi ia kara mo te āhua, ki tonu i te rama karahīni.

Otiia i roto i tona ora i reira ko te tahi mea atu: mahi kāinga, me e faiva e whakaaro Chekhov ia, ka whakatangi ki tona tuakana, hī. tīmata te whānau ki te hanga i te whaea kanapa, ko wai i mahara, tinihanga me te wahine atawhai.

Ko te ao o te natura i roto i te ora, me te mahi o Chekhov

Mai tamarikitanga, i aroha Anton Pavlovich te ao māori, kua mahue te tohu hohonu i runga i tona wairua, te faaara i te matewai mō te ora. Na te mahi o Chekhov whakaata tenei. I roto i ana kōrero whakatau tatou te whakaahuatanga o te koraha, te Taganrog Bay ( "te koraha", "I te Kirihimete Night" me etahi atu.). Tino lāu'ilo lahi o te hononga ki te āhua o te kaituhi, puta noa te ora, me te kua whakaaturia i roto i te mahi o tona mana hohonu i runga i te ora tangata. I roto i te mahi a Chekhov o te natura humanized: kararehe, puawai, rakau, whakaaro, me te ite rite te iwi ( "wehi", "White-te kōkiri a", "Kashtanka," "Agatha").

Mātauranga i te kura

Kua whakahaere te tuakana ki te hopu i te wa ka i ora te utuafare: kāinga hahaere Wīwī, i muri i whakakapi ia e Mme. Hoki Nicholas, teina o te kaituhi heke mai, i karangatia rite te kaiako waiata.

A, no te tupu ake o Anton, kua mauähara āhuatanga pūtea utuafare, na i taea ki te tiki mātauranga nui-kura anake ia. moni motuhake i roto i te haapiiraa kura wetereo i Chekhov, Heoi, kihai i meinga. i angamaheni mo taua wa tenei institution. I reira ka taea e te hanga e koe nui atu iti iho tika ranei whakaaro o te kōrero poto o Chekhov ui ko e "Ko e tangata i roto i te Case".

I roto i te kura nui pūtaiao pai-whakahaere, i ahau i te karu whātata, te whakaaro hou i roto i te tari. ka Anton i te mau haapiiraa a te ture a te Atua i te tauira tino o Pokrovskogo Fedora Platonovicha. Ko te ngā, tangata rerekē te tangata i mohio wawe te taranata kaituhi kōmeke heke mai, ka hoatu ki a ia te īngoa Chekhonte i i muri Chekhov pseudonym. Ko te kupu, Whakatangi noa ia he tūranga i roto i tona ora. Na ka mau te mahi o Chekhov āhua i waho te whai wāhi o tenei tuakiri ngā. Heoi, ka kaha i roto i tenei wairua kura, te nuinga āhuatanga e formalism me bureaucratism. I runga i te hanganga i te pae varua o te kaituhi i mua nei kaha te awe e pukapuka, me te whare tapere. whakawhanakehia te reira i te aroha wawe mō te whakaari: i te tau o 13 nga tau, i kua te kaituhi heke mai he manuhiri auau ki te whare tapere Taganrog.

Ki tenei wā no hoki ana tautooraa tuhituhi tuatahi, mohiotia nei anake e nga ingoa e kua hanga ia Chekhov. Life me te auaha, i poto, tenei wa tohua e te tahi mau ohipa faufaa. ngā meka matua haurongo kua aroaro matou, kia rite ki te pā auahatanga, mōhio te whai ake. Ka rite ki te kura, whakaputaina ana e ia te moheni "Bunny", i tuhituhi te pukuhohe "No miharo te heihei waiata" me "kitea he taimana tapahia," pea pehē ki te whakaari "pani".

Pakaru whānau Chekhov

I roto i 1876, te papa o Anton Pavlovich haere kaihau, i takoha ki tona whānau ki te haere ki Moscow. i mahue Anton anake i roto i Taganrog i te tau o te 16 tau, kia rite ki i puta i te kura nui. ka anga ia ki te whiwhi hoatu haapiiraa tūmataiti, peia ara remittances utuafare. Aua tau uaua, he ora tonu o mo'emo'e, o mau tamataraa me faingata'á, whai wāhi ki te koinei te wawe o te kaituhi rite Chekhov. Life me mahi (whakaahuatia poto) wā anō tohua e te mau ohipa taketake e whai ake nei.

Chekhov - he ākonga o Moscow State University

Ka haere te whakamātautau whakamutunga i roto i 1879, ka haere Chekhov ki Moscow. Here i whakauru ia i roto i te University Moscow, te manga o te rongoā. Mai i te akoranga tuatahi i timata Chekhov ki te mahi i roto i ngā makasini, tāngia. No te mau utuafare e tata ka anake te puna o te pūtea ana moni tuhituhi. ka Chekhov te matenga o te whānau, me tona kaiwhakarato.

Ko te mahi tuatahi whakaputaina

haere mai Tuatahi whakaputaina ana mahi (parody) i roto i roto i te moheni "kapokapowai". Czechs kōwhiri ara tuhituhi, tāngia e rua i roto i momo kōmeke, me te nui. Heoi, i roto i te mahi wawe te nuinga e te mua. I raro i ngā pseudonyms (te taea'e o toku teina, Ko te tangata kore he kōateate, Antosha Chehonte) e tāngia ai i roto i te mau ve'a kōmeke "Kongakonga," "kapokapowai", "Alarm", "kaimātakitaki". Ko te momo matua i roto i nei i reira ko te press arearea o te wa, i reira i rerekē "mea iti" e i hanga e etahi kēnana: .. kōrero Humorous, maramataka kōmeke, tapanga, paki, papakupu, ad kōmeke, buka, me ētahi atu o ratou Chekhov hohoro taukei a ua e ko tata ki a ratou e ia.

kōrero Sapphire me pārekareka

I roto i te tau 1882-1883 i reira i taua kōrero kia rite ki "mate ki te pā," "matotoru me kikokore", "te tamahine o Albion." Ahakoa tokomaha o nga mahi i tuhituhia i roto i te puka o huahua, e ko te kōrero kōmeke poto, te kōmeke i te ki te whakawhiti waea toa. whakaarahia Czechs te momo ki te taumata o te tuhinga nui. I roto i te āhuatanga toi o scenes a Chekhov e te whai ake: he ingoa ohie, he iti o whakamārama me ngā whakamārama ( "Burbot", "te āheinga", "Āwhina", "I roto i te pati"), ka mea nga ingoa (Porcupine kaiwhakaari, General Zapupyrin wātene Ochumelov, Khriukin ariki) a te rorirori korero pūāhua reo.

Ko te āhua hou i roto i te mahi o Chekhov

He miro i muri mahi kua reira i roto i te tuatahi o ngā kōrero a Chekhov: kata te kaituhi i te absurdity o te whanonga, me te whakaaro o te iwi, ratou kerēme kau. Neke atu i te wa, he tonality hou nga mahi. Predominates te reira i roto i te mahi o te katakata tonu, engari riro ia etahi tupapaku hou, tangi hou - he pouri, lyrical. Ka taea te kite te reira i i te kaupapa o te manuki ki te tātari, me i te pūāhua rorirori - he whakahē, uaua. E whakakapi e whakapakoko o pūāhua kanohi takitahi. I roto i te kōrero e pā ana ki te wā o 1883-1886 tau ( "toi", "ngangau", "Tosca", "Huntsman"), he heke mai kua kitea Chekhov.

Making kōrero o Chekhov

Tonu te ora me te mahi o Chekhov. Ka taea te hoatu te whakarāpopoto o ratou i roto i te wā i 1884 ki te 1888 e whai ake. I roto i te 1884, ki runga ki te otinga o ngā akoranga whare wānanga, mahi Chekhov i Zvenigorod, Voskresensk. Ko hoki ia he kaituhi mo te nūpepa Moscow, "whatiwhatinga". I roto i te wā i 1884 ki te 1888 whakaputaina e ia maha mahi - neke atu i te 350. hanga kōrero o Chekhov i tenei wa kei te rite te taketake me te āhuatanga hou o te tuhinga Russian. Chekhov i roto i tenei momo iti whakahaere ki te hāngai te ihirangi hinengaro, pāpori me te taumauri nui. Koinei te horo reira tenei puka.

Ko te pua o te taranata Anton Chekhov i te momo o te kōrero

Hoki te wā takoto 1880-1890-doma momo pūāhua e te whakamutunga (toharite, mau, maha te "iti" iwi). Ko te whakapakoko ahanoa riro riirii, te ora ia rā. whakaaro tenei wa ko te tino pokea ana taranata o Chekhov o. Waihanga ana ngā kohinga hou. I roto i 1886 - "Stories Motley" i roto i te 1887 - "kupu Innocent" me "I roto i te kakarauritanga", i roto i te 1888 - "Stories" i roto i te 1890 - ". Iwi pouri" I whakawhiwhia Writer Pushkin paraihe mo te pukapuka i huaina "I roto i te ahiahi". I roto i te ngahuru o 1887 i tuhituhi e ia he pukuhohe "Ivanov", a ka - tapere "tiupiri", "Wedding", "Ko te Tono" me "Te Bear", i whakanohoia i roto i whare ngaio.

Kei te tono tangata Chekhov ki te motu o Sakhalin

He haerenga ki Sakhalin ke te ora me te mahi o Chekhov. whakaahua poto nga ngā matua o te wa. I tenei motu, ka haere Chekhov ki kia tata ki te herehere. Here hanga e ia e toru nga marama tatauranga anake, korero ki te iwi rerekē. Chekhov, rite te tangata, me te toi, kua whakaritea e ki te whakaatu i te iwi te pono pakeke. Ko te hua o te haerenga - whakaputaina i roto i 1894 i te pukapuka "Te Island o Sakhalin".

Works i tuhituhia i roto i te 90

I muri i taua, i nga ari o mooni kāinga, i tukinotia e ia atu pakeke. Ko te tuatahi o nga mahi nui i tuhituhia i muri i te haerenga ka he talanoa i huaina "Teuere" (whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1891), me te te "Chamber №6" - te kōrero, i whakaputaina i roto i te 1892.

Czechs i roto i nga tau 90 tuhi e pā ana horihori, kākaá, kaihautanga ngā hōtaka ora ( "whīra o Rothschild", "Grasshopper," "te Kaiwhakaako o Literature"). I tenei wa, ka rite ki i hanga enei kōrero rite "Mō Love", "Gooseberries," "te tangata i roto i te Case", "Ionich".

I roto i te puna o 1892 te kaituhi noho i roto i te whenua e tata ana Moscow Melikhovo, rave i roto i ngā mahi pāpori aroha, akono ia kaimahi, kura hanga, pokapū hauora. taui te reira i tona ora. Chekhov, te ora, e tūhonohono nei mahi, te hanga i runga i te pūtake o te wheako mahi "I roto i te awa", "New Villa", "i runga i te kata", "eé".

Kaitito Antona Pavlovicha Chehova

Ko te wahi tuatahi, i timata whakaari e Chekhovian - te reira "te koekoea." I tū te reira i roto i te whare tapere o Arehanaria i 1896. Heoi, kihai i angitu te whakaaro. Ko te take - he tokomaha o te auahatanga o Chekhov te taahia. I muri 2 tau i roto i te hanga o te Moscow Art Theatre, meinga ia he illius. I muri "te koekoea," ka haere mai te tākaro "Uncle Vanya" (1899), takaro hoki te angitu nui. I roto i te mahi i muri mai ( "tuahine toru" me "Te Cherry Orchard" - 1901 me 1903 tau, aua) sinó kē i roto i ki tonu nga parau tumu o te kaituhi whakaari.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

I roto i te 1897, i takoha Chekhov ki te haere ki te whare hauora TB, a ka noho i te hotoke 1897-1898 i roto i Nice. I te onoonoraa o te taote haere ia i roto i Mahuru 1898 i Yalta, te wahi pau ia te hotoke. I roto i nga tau tata nei, te whakarite i te kaituhi i te mahi kohia, e, i roto i te rua putanga (1899-1902 th me 1903 o.) Puta i roto i te tā.

I roto i te 1901, ka moea e te kaituhi ki Olga Knipper Leonardovna attrice.

Āta, roroku tona hauora, tohe nga tākuta i runga i te tuku ki a Germany i Badenweiler. haere tenei kaituhi ki tana wahine. 2 (15) i roto i te Hōngongoi 1904, ko te ra whakamutunga o tona ora.

Na whakaatu tatou te mahi o Chekhov, me ana mahi tūmatanui, me ngā meka i haurongo i ko ia he tangata o mana'o fakalaumālie tiketike me ngā uara morare. Ngā mihi ki pērā i ko ia, riro he iti pai to tatou ao. Chronicles te ora me te mahi o Chekhov i te aroaro, kua i roto i tenei tuhinga. Ka kia tatou hari ki te kua ue'i ai koe ki te hiahia ki te haere tonu i mohio ki tenei kaituhi faahiahia. Ko te ora, me te mahi o Chekhov, he rawa haapiiraa me ngā tona haurongo. I roto i tenei tuhinga, kāore, nga kōrero katoa taea ki te korero.