History o tank hanga o te USSR me ētahi atu whenua

tīmataria te whanaketanga tank Tīmata i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. puta te haruraa i to'utangata motokā i runga i te Front Western. Fighting i waenganui o Tiamana, France me Great Britain mo te maha o nga tau i noho tū. noho nga hoia ki raro i roto i nga rua, me te aho mua e kore e tata te neke. Whatiia i roto i te tūranga hoariri ngā whakaurunga i tata taea. e kore puhipuhinga me hīkoi takoha hoia i homai e te hua e hiahiatia ana. timata te hītori o te whanaketanga tank whakawhetai ki te Ingarangi. Ko ratou te hunga i te tuatahi ki te whakamahi i kore he mihini analogues whaiaro-tīhokatia.

United Basileia

Ko te Mark tank Ingarangi tuatahi i haere mai ahau i roto i 1916, ka tukua he tauira whakamātau i roto i te nui o 100 wae whawhai. i tenei tauira e rua akatuke'anga: ki pū mīhini me repo. timata te hītori o te whanaketanga tank ki te "mahi kia tino tika". Mark i ahau hua. I roto i te pakanga o te Somme kihai i taea e tona pu whawhai ki nga ōnaianei, pū Tiamana.

Ahakoa te meka i tia ore aua tāke, whakakitea ratou e he opuaraa nui te momo hou o te patu. e kore kua ano, te tauira tuatahi arahina hoia Tiamana kite tetahi rite tenei i roto i te wehi. Na reira, ko te Mark whakamahia ahau atu rite te patu hinengaro atu whawhai.

I roto i te katoa, ka puta tenei Ingarangi "whānau" iwa tauira. tuhia nui te ahunga whakamua i ka Mark V. ia he tuku wha-tere, me te pūkaha tank motuhake i raro i te ingoa "Ricardo". Ko te tauira tuatahi, i whakahaere tetahi anake te tangata. He kua ētahi atu whakarerekētanga. Ko te kei kua he pū mīhini atu, me te rangatira fale nui haere.

France

Kua faauruhia angitu Ingarangi tonu nga hoa French ngā. au te hītori o te whanaketanga tank nui ki te tauira "tenault FT-17." tukua te Wīwī reira i roto i te 1917-1918. (I tukua te reira tata 4000 wae). I te FT-17 pai ta i te iti rawa i te meka e tonu ratou ki te mahi ara i roto i te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao (e rua tekau nga tau mō te tank-hanga - ko te wā nui o te wā).

He aha te whakamārama he angitu taua, "Reno"? Ko te take i ko reira te tank tuatahi e ko he tahora matarohia. kawea Mana o te mīhini i roto i te mua o reira. I roto i te pokapū, ko te wehenga whawhai. noho te reira i muri i te wehenga pūkaha. otinga hangarau, me te hāneanea taua ko te pai whakatuwheratia te pūmanawa whawhai o FT-17. Ko te hītori o te whanaketanga tank e kua rerekē ki te kahore hoki tenei mīhini kua. Te nuinga hītori whakaaro reira te tauira angitu tino whakamahia i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao.

United States

timata te whakawhetai ki te mau tautooraa o General Dzhona Pershinga He whanaketanga tank American. tae ia i roto i Europa i roto i 1917 ki te ope Expeditionary o te USA, i muri i whakaaturia e ratou te whawhai i runga i Germany. Maheni ki nga hoa o te wheako, ratou tikanga me te whawhai tū, e kore e nei i whakapae i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite, ka anga te whānui ki te imi i te arata'iraa i tona whakarongo ki te kaupapa o tāke.

Kua hokona e te US Army te French "Reno" ka whakamahi ia ratou i roto i nga whawhai o Verdun. kaihoahoa American, te fariiraa i motokā ke, tū te whakarerekētanga iti. I muri i te Ao Pakanga ahau Armoured i whakamararatia hōia US no o utu. Na he tau torutoru te hōia US kihai i hoatu e tetahi moni ki te hanga mihini hou. Ko anake i roto i te 1930. ka haere mai te tauira whakamātautau tuatahi o tona ake production. Ko M1931 (T11 mīhini whawhai). kihai i i whāngai te reira, engari i hoatu mahi whakamātau kaihoahoa American kai e hiahiatia ana mō te whakaaro i mua i te rangahau anō.

Kua kinakitia Evolution o hangarau American no o te Topatariraa Rahi, ruru te nui te ōhanga. pūtea nui mō ngā Engineers me kaihoahoa ki te haere mai anake ki te timatanga o te Pakanga II o te Ao, no te kitenga o te kāwanatanga e pea e kore e taea ki te noho i roto i o te moana, a ka whai ki te tonoa ngā hōia ki Europe ratou.

I te tau 1941 ka puta ia "te M3 Stuart". tukua tenei tank marama i roto i te nui o 23 mano wae. Tenei lekooti i roto i te piha haapiiraa e kore ano i pakaru. E kore e te aamu o te ao e mohio atu o tauira tank whakaputaina i roto i taua rahinga. e kore te "Stuart" anake e whakamahia ana e te Ope US, engari tukua ano hoki nga Hoa: te Basileia United, France, China me te Soviet Union i raro i te Rīhi moni-.

Germany

Kua puta anake i roto i te tau o te Tuatoru Reich ope Armoured i roto i Germany. Ko te Tiriti o Versailles, te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, opani tīmata ratou ake Park whawhai-tika nga Tiamana. Na reira, i roto i te Weimar Republic, i o ratou mihini Germany. Na ka haere mai anake ki te mana i roto i 1933, hyped nga kau Nasí tōhito hōia. I tāke marama tuatahi whakaputaina i raro i te guise o tarakihana. Heoi, ngā i roto i te reka o nga mana Tiamana ki te haere mai hohoro i roto o te piringa. Ko te tauritetanga i waenganui i nga waka tauā me tarakihana, vai e mahi rite i roto i te Soviet Union, i reira i roto i te 1930. I te reira i te rota o wheketere tarakihana hanga, e i roto i te hui o te whawhai ngāwari taea whakaputa ke i raro i te tank.

I te tau 1926, hainatia Germany me te USSR he kawenata i raro i i timata tohunga German hōia heke mai ki te kia whakangungua i roto i te kura motuhake e tata ana Kazan. I muri mai tīmata tenei tuahiwi ki te waihanga toi i te kāinga. riro ia te tank Tiamana Panzer I. tuatahi tenei tauira ko te pūtake mo te kaipuke Tiamana.

Na roto i te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i roto i Germany i neke atu i te toru mano tāke, ka arotahi atu atu i wha mano waka i te aroaro o te whawhai i runga i te Soviet Union i te Front Eastern anake. Tiamana mīhini tuatahi taimaha whakamahia rite huaki. riro tokomaha SS Panzer Division ingoa whaiaro ( "Das Reich", "Totenkopf" ko D. na i runga i.). i ngaro te nuinga o ratou. Tapeke kua ngaro hoki te whawhai te Tuatoru Reich e pā ana ki 35 mano waka. Ko te tank reo matua Tiamana ko te "Panther", me taimaha - ". Tiger"

USSR

I roto i te waenganui-1920. timata hītori o te whanaketanga tank Soviet. ka tahuri te tauira hanga tuatahi o te Soviet Union i ki kia MS-1 (te ingoa i tetahi atu - T-18). I mua ki taua, i te tikanga o te Army Whero i riro mihini ka mau i roto i te pakanga kaiākiri anake. mahi i runga i te hoahoa i te tūranga tank taimaha i whakaritea Ki te tīmatanga o te ao. tahuri ratou i roto i 1925, ka i muri i te hui i roto i te Army Whero, faaoti te hōia ki te unga i te rauemi katoa ki te waihanga i tētahi tauira iti maneuverable. A ko reira te MS-1, hanga i roto i te 1927

Hohoro i reira i te tahi atu tāke Soviet. Na roto i te 1933, i tīmata ai te hanga o te marama T-26 ko BT, tankettes T-27, T-28 reo, me te taimaha T-35. Kawea atu ngā maia. Ko te hītori o Soviet tīmatanga tank hanga o nga 1930. i tohua e te hanga o tāke wai. i te aroaro o ratou tauira o te T-37. Ēnei mīhini i te tīwiri rawa hou. Ko tōna āhuatanga tahuri i nga matatahi. A, no te neke manu whakarato ratou hoki ake.

e kia oti History o tank hanga o te USSR kahore te tank reo T-28. Ngā mihi ki a ratou, ka e taea whakapakari kounga o ngā wae ringa. T-28 i te tikanga ki te wahi i te tūranga ārai o te hoariri. paunatia te tank 28 toni, me te āhua tu tāutanga purero o patu (pū, me te toru pū mīhini i roto i reira).

I roto i te 1933-1939 gg. hangaia 50-ton T-35. I hanga te reira i rite te waka whawhai ki te whakarei ake i te kounga o te whawhai i roto i te horanga o taiepa here. I taua wa, ka tomo te hītori o te whanaketanga tank Soviet he wāhanga hou, no te mea he reira na maha patu ka te tuatahi T-35. Ko tōna huinga i roto i te rima pourewa (e rima pū mīhini, me te toru pu). Heoi, i roto i tenei tauira, i reira nga drawbacks - matua clumsiness me te rāhui rawakore i te rahi nui. pupuhi Tapeke maha ngā tekau o T-35. i whakamahia etahi o ratou i te mua i te wāhanga tuatahi o te Pakanga nui Patriotic.

1930

I roto i te 30raa o te rau tau whakamutunga e Engineers Soviet me kaihoahoa kaha e whakahaere ngā pā ana ki te hanganga o te tank wira-aroturuki. faingataa he pūrere taua te tahuhu mīhini me te powertrain, engari whakahaere tohunga kāinga ki te akakoromaki i te mau fifi katoa fehangahangai ratou. I te mutunga o nga 1930. Aroturuki whakatakotoria tank toharite i runga, e mohiotia ana ko te T-32. I roto i te heke mai, i reira ko he kōrero Soviet nui i runga i taua mea. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te T-34.

I runga i te eve o te Pakanga nui Patriotic, arotahi te nuinga o kaihoahoa runga rua huru maitatai o cars: raka me te firepower. Heoi, ko te whawhai metarahi Spanish whakakitea i roto i te tau 1936-1937 i he mea e tika ana ki te whakahou me te tahi atu āhuatanga. Tuatahi o te katoa i hiahiatia ai tiaki patu me patu pū.

te ariā o te huri i nga hua i tonu. I roto i te tau 1937 ka haere mai te T-111. riro ia te waka tauā Soviet tuatahi rawa ki te patu protivosnaryadnym. Ko he pakaruhanga nui, e kore anake hoki kāinga, engari ano hoki mo te ahumahi ao. i taua e i te tikanga ai ki te tautoko i te hōia āhuatanga o te T-111. Heoi, e kore kua te tauira i hoatu ki production papatipu mo te momo o take engineering. whakamatauria te reira ki te kia koretake i roto i ngā o te whakaminenga, me te disassembly o ngā wāhanga e tika ana ki te whakatārewatanga āraia me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te mīhini.

tāke Soviet Light

Te mea faahiahia, te hītori o te USSR me waka tauā tank Soviet kehe i ke noa ki te tāke pukapuka. Vahi atoa pai ratou e tika ana ki ngā take ōhanga. Ko te Soviet Union i te hihiri atu. Rerekē ētahi atu whenua i roto i te marama tāke Soviet Union i whakamahia mō te maramarama e kore anake, engari ano mo te whawhai tika ki te hoariri. Kua nga mihini Soviet matua o tenei momo BT me T-26. I mua i te whakaeke Tiamana, kiia e ratou mo te nuinga o te Army Whero o te papa (tika hanga e pā ana ki 20 mano wae).

Construction o tauira hou, ka haere tonu i roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic. I roto i te 1941, i hangaia ai e T-70. ko te tino hangaia tenei tank i roto i te whawhai katoa. Ko te takoha nui ki te wikitoria, kua hanga e ia i roto i te pakanga o Kursk.

I muri i 1945

Ko te whakatupuranga tuatahi o waka tauā pou-whawhai ko te hunga nei te whanaketanga timata i roto i 1941-1945 me te hunga kihai i tīmata ki te mahi i te mua. Tenei tauira Soviet EC-3, EC-4, me te T-44 me T-54. History o hanga tank American o tenei wā mahue i muri M47, "M26 Pershing" me "M46 Patton." Tenei raupapa hoki ngā te UK "keneturio".

tauira Kōmāmā i 1945, i te pae hopea ka mihini tino motuhake. Ko te kupu, i hangaia te tauira Soviet PT-76 ki te aro tikanga wai, te American "Walker Bulldog" i hanga mo te tūhura, "Sheridan" Kei te hangaia mo te ngāwari rererangi waka. I roto i 1950-doma. whakakapi i te reo, me te haere mai kurawai taimaha matua tāke whawhai (MBT). Na ka karangatia e tauira-whakaaro maha, te whakakotahi tiaki pai, me te firepower. Ko te tuatahi i roto i tenei aropā timata Soviet T-62 me T-55 me Wīwī amx-30. i penei e timata te piha matua waka tauā whawhai i roto i te US ki te M60A1 me M48 History o US tank production.

Ko te whakatupuranga pou-pakanga tuarua

I roto i 1960-1970-doma haere mai te wā o te whakatupuranga tuarua o waka tauā pou-whawhai. He aha titore ratou i o ratou matua? Kua hangaia nga tauira hou e Engineers, tuatahi, hoatu te oraraa o te matatau hangarau anti-ake, a tuarua, i roto i nga tikanga o te whakamahi o patu o te whakangaromanga papatipu.

Ēnei tāke riro whawhai ngā arā, o te plurality o ngā papa, me te hanga o ngā rauemi rerekē. I roto i te wahi tuatahi tiaki ai i te kariri neke, me te tāpiripiri. I tua atu, riro te waka kete tiaki i patu o te whakangaromanga papatipu. whakatupuranga tuarua tāke maitai rawa ki te hikohiko ihirangi: rorohiko ballistic, rangefinders taiaho, pūnaha-mana ahi, etc ...

E te tikanga rite tukinotia T-72, M60A3, «rangatira" "Reparo 1". Kua puta ētahi tauira rite ki te hua o te whakarereke hohonu o te whakatupuranga tuatahi o mihini. tāke Soviet o te wā mo tona mahi i roto i kore ara iho hoariri mohio a, me i roto i te tahi mau rave'a noa nui ratou tino. Heoi, mai i te 1970, ka takamuri kitea i roto i te taputapu hikohiko. Ka rite ki te hua o te taputapu Soviet i te timatanga o nga kanohi hei tawhitotia. Ko Ngā kite te tukanga o te papamuri pakanga i roto i te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti me ētahi atu whenua, te wahi i reira i tetahi pakarutanga ao o te Cold War.

hurihuri

I roto i 1980-doma. i reira ko te whakatupuranga pera-ka karanga te toru pou-pakanga. Ko tā te reira i te hītori o te Russian tank-hanga. kua riro he taputapu nui-tech paruru tētahi āhuatanga matua o enei tauira. Na roto i te toru o nga whakatupuranga, he "Lekrerki" France, "Reparo 2" Germany, "Kaiwero" Britain, te United States, "Abrams".

History o Russia tohu mīhini hanga tank pērā i te T-90 me T-72B3. E whai pakiaka ēnei tauira i roto i te 1990 tawhiti. Kei te karanga a hoki T-90 "Vladimir" i roto i te kororia o tona rangatira kaihoahoa Vladimir Potkina. I roto i te 2000, ka te tank i te pai hoko tank whawhai matua i roto i te ao. I roto i te mata o tenei tauira, ko te hītori o te whanaketanga tank i Russia tahuri tetahi o tona whārangi kororia. Heoi, kihai i kaihoahoa kāinga mutu ka tonu ratou paetae ahurei rangahau hangarau.

I roto i 2015 puta te mea hōu T-14. Ko tōna āhuatanga o te parahi taua āhuatanga rite pourewa koraha, me te turanga aroturuki "Armata". Kua hoki te wa tuatahi kua whakaatu te T-14 ki te iwi whānui i te Victory Parade whakatapua ki te tau 70 epetoma o te Pakanga nui Patriotic. whakaputaina te tauira te "Uralvagonzavod".