History o te hanganga o "Eugene Onegin", tātari hua

History o te hanganga o "Eugene Onegin" - "te hua o te hinengaro me te ngakau o te matao mātakitaki pānui pouri" - he tino Russian matarohia Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym e kore titiro rite te blitzkrieg. hanga mahi toi he rohi pehe whanaketanga, tohu tona putanga i roto i te ara o te talena. He pūrākau i roto i te irava hei kaupapa i roto i te toi, ko te āhuatanga ahurei. I mua ki taua, i roto i te tuhinga ao i tuhituhia i roto i te momo kotahi, kotahi anake orotahi - mahi whaiāipo o George Gordon Byron o "Don Juan".

faaoti te kaituhi ki te ohia manomano

haere Pushkin i ki nui Ingarihi - talena. I tenei wa, kua whakaturia te rohi pehe he whāinga - ki te whakaatu i te tangata e taea te mahi kia rite ki te whakakōkī mō te whanaketanga atu o Russia. Alexander, te faaiteraa i whakaaro o nga Decembrists, ua ite e kia neke i te whenua nui, ano te locomotive, ki te ara mate-mutunga e arahina te hapori katoa ki te raruraru pūnahanaha.

tautuhia History o te hanganga o "Eugene Onegin" ko Titanic mahi whiti i roto i te wā i Mei 1823 ki Mahuru 1830 te whai hua auaha o te mo'oni Russian o te hauwhā tuatahi o te rau tau XIX. Ko te pūrākau i roto i te irava te tupu puta noa i te wāhanga e wha o te auaha Alexander Pushkin: hononga tonga (. 1820 - 1824 gg), Te "kore-Ngātuere, mahue te whenua Mikhailovskoye" (1824 - 1826 gg.), Te wā i muri i te hononga -, (1826 1830 gg.) boldins (1830)

AS a Pushkin "Eugene Onegin": te hītori o te hanga

Young Pushkin, he paetahi o te Tsarskoye selo Lyceum, i roto i nga kupu o te emepera Alexander ahau, «waipuke Russia te ki rotarota rutaki te", ka anga ia tuhituhi tona pūrākau i noho i roto i te whakahekenga atu i roto i Chisinau (whakawhetai ki te inoi o hoa arahi ki Siberia kua karohia). Na roto i tenei wa ko ia te whakapakoko o te taitamarikitanga mātauranga Russian.

Na reira, feinga ahau ki te hanga i te whakapakoko o te hero o tona wa. I roto i tona mahi, mauiui ia e rapu he whakahoki ki te pātai o te mea kia te kawe o ngā whakaaro hou, te kaihanga o te Russia hou.

Ko te āhuatanga pāpori-ōhanga i roto i te whenua

A feruri i te taiao pāpori i roto i nei i hanga te pūrākau. riro Russia i roto i te whawhai 1812. hoatu tenei hiringa nui ki te hiahia tūmatanui mō te whakaoranga i te mekameka feudal. Tuatahi o nga iwi katoa minamina hoki te whakakāhoretanga o te serfdom. He tona whakaoranga te taniwha, āhuatanga he herenga o mana o te kuini. I hanga tonu i muri i te pakanga, e tiaki ana te hapori rangatira i roto i te 1816 i roto i te St Petersburg riro Decembrist "Union o te whakaoranga." whakaritea e te "Union o Welfare" i roto i te 1818 i roto i Moscow. Decembrists, kua kaha whai wāhi enei whakahaere ki te hanganga o te whakaaro tūmatanui ohaoha, ka tatari mo te momeniti tika mo te tahuritanga. I roto i nga Decembrists ko te rota o te hoa o Pushkin. faaite e ia o ratou whakaaro.

Russia i kua riro he whenua Pākehā mohio ki te taupori o e pā ana ki 40 miriona iwi i roto i te reira hua wana o te moni kāwanatanga. Heoi, kua whakaritea ano tona ora ōhanga mea timatanga o feudalism, landowning kahurangi me te piha haapiiraa kaihokohoko. Ēnei rōpū pāpori, āta ngaro tūmatanui taimaha, tonu i kaha a whakamahia ki whakaawe te ora o te kāwanatanga, te whakawhānui i te whanaunga feudal i roto i te whenua. Ko ratou toa o te hapori hanga i runga i te mau parau tumu e te tangata pai tawhitotia o Catherine tūturu i roto i Russia XVIII rau.

He nga āhuatanga āhuatanga o te pāpori me te raruraru ōhanga o te hapori katoa. Ko te whenua, ko te kāinga ki maha iwi pai-mātauranga nei mahino e rapua e te ngākau nuitanga whanaketanga huringa nui me whakahounga. timata History o te hanganga o "Eugene Onegin" ki te whakakonekone whaiaro e karapoti ana i te rohi pehe, i roto i nga kupu o Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo, "te basileia pouri"

I whakatika i muri i te whakaterenga kaha hoatu e Pita ahau, me auaretanga i roto i te kingitanga o Empress Catherine II, Russia i te timatanga o te rau tau XIX pakanga iho te tere o te whanaketanga. I te wa o te tuhituhi, kihai i ano te rerewē pūrākau rongonui a Pushkin i te whenua, tae noa ki runga ki te kore ona awa e rewa kaipuke, herea mano me nga mano o ona iwi uaua, me te pūmanawa i te ringa, me te waewae here o serfdom.

He mea paihere te hītori o "Evgeniya Onegina" ki te hītori o Russia i te rau tau wawe XIX.

tumanako Onegin

Ki te aro motuhake Alexander, "Russian Mozart o rotarota", ähua ki tona ake mahi. Kua whakawhanakehia e ia te raupapa hou o te irava āta hoki te tuhi i te pūrākau i roto i te irava.

Na reira, rere nga kupu kia rite ki te awa e kore he utu, me te hanganga. Katoa kotahi tekau ma wha nga rarangi Iambic Tetrameter hono i roto i ngā irava Onegin. I roto i tenei rime ngā wā katoa puta noa i te pukapuka, ka ko e whai ake: CCddEffEgg (te wahi reta whakapaipai tohu kūmuri wahine me te pūriki - tane).

Kore, ko te hītori o "Eugene Onegin" pūrākau - ko te kōrero o te hanganga o te tumanako Onegin. Ko reira na roto i te rerekē te mau irava i muri te kaituhi i roto i tona mahi ki te waihanga i tētahi orotahi o ngā wāhanga te tuhi, me te peke pene i tetahi ngohengohe ki tetahi, te huri i te kāhua o te whakaaturanga o whakaaro ki te whanaketanga hihiri o te wahi. Ko te kupu, hangaia e te kaituhi te ongo o te whakahaere māhorahora ki tou kaipānui.

Roma - "he kohinga o vahe paipōro"

Aha pei iwi ki te tuhituhi mahi o tona whakatupuranga, me o tona whenua taketake? He aha ka e hoatu ratou tenei mahi tino, mahi me te mea e nohoia ana?

I subordinated tuatahi te hītori o te "Eugene Onegin" pūrākau ki te kaituhi: ki te waihanga i tētahi pūrākau i roto i te irava, titoa o 9 vahe motuhake. karanga i runga i nga mahi o tohunga Alexander Sergeyevich reira "wa tuwhera" e tika ana ki te meka e ia o tona matenga - motuhake, a kia, i runga i tona arorau ā-ki te whakaoti i te mahi, ahakoa te haere tonu te reira i roto i te pene i muri. Tona nāianei - Russian tuhinga Ahorangi Nikolay Ivanovich Nadezhdin - whakaahuatanga puāwaitanga homai "Evgeniya Onegina" kore rite te hua ki te hanganga arorau mārō, engari, ka rite ki etahi pukapuka rotarota tonu hāngai kanapa taranata aniwaniwa pīataata.

Mō te vahe o te pūrākau

Mau pene o "Eugene Onegin" whakaputaina i 1825 ki te 1832. rite i tuhituhia ratou, ka whakaputaina i roto i tāia e me makasini tuhituhi. i tatari ratou, ia o ratou riro te hui tūturu i roto i te ora ahurea o Russia.

Heoi, tetahi o ratou whakatapua ki te haere o te protagonist ki te whakataunga hōia e tata ana Odessa tauranga kei roto whakawa tino, whiriwhiria te kaituhi tawainga ki te unu i roto i te tikanga ki te karo utu ki a ratou ano, a ka whakangaromia ona tuhinga anake.

Just mahi tino hoatu, i muri mahi i runga i tona "Doctor Zhivago" Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, i tuhituhi ano o tona whakatupuranga Mihail Aleksandrovich Sholohov. Pushkin ia ka karanga ana tau neke atu i te whitu o te mahi i runga i tenei pūrākau i roto i te irava feat.

protagonist

Whakaahuatanga Evgeniya Onegina, rite ki te tuhinga, fakamanatu te tangata o Pita Yakovlevich Chaadaev - kaituhi o "Letters Philosophical". Ko te pūāhua ki te pūngao kaha, whakaturia nei a tawhio noa te wahi o te pūrākau, me whakakitea te tahi atu pūāhua ratou tenei. tuhituhi Pushkin e pā ana ki a ia rite he "hoa pai." riro Eugene te mātauranga puāwaitanga o te rangatira, tino kowaiwai o "Russian-huru." A, ahakoa te kaitahu reira koi, engari he ngakau makariri, ko ia he marama te tangata e whai ake nei etahi whakaaro me mana'o hape. He kau te ora o Evgeniya Onegina. I runga i te ringa kotahi, he reira ke ki nga ritenga o te ao, ia koi faaino ratou; a i runga i te tahi atu - nei hoki e ngawari ki tona mana. e kore e taea te huaina e te hero he kaha, kaua ko reira he kaimātakitaki tupato.

ngā te reira i te whakapakoko o Onegin

Tona whakapakoko - fakamamahi. Tuatahi, e kore ia i ahei te tu ki te whakamātautau o te aroha. whakarongo Eugene ki take, engari e kore e tona ngakau. Heoi, i whakahaere, te faatura tuku ia ki te Tatiana, hoatu ia ki te matau, e kore e taea e ia hinga i roto i te aroha.

Tuarua, e kore ia i ahei te tu ki te whakamātautau o te auhoaraa. Teuere o tona hoa, tamaiti-tau 18-tau whaiāipo Lensky, ia matapo whai nga ariā o te marama. Te āhua nei e ia e kore e ki te whakapataritari i te tika zloyazychie tawhito duelist rerekē Zaretsky atu mutu take tino poauau ki Vladimir. E te ara, karaipi Pushkin, pūtaiao whakapono te taitamariki Kuchelbecker tauira Lena.

Tatiana Larina

Ko te whakamahi o te ingoa o Tatiana i Eugene Onegin pūrākau ko te matau-pehea i Pushkin. Oia mau, i roto i te timatanga o te rau tau XIX, whakaaro tenei ingoa i paru, me te kotiti. Ano, ko te pouri-hina, me te kiri wherowhero, whakaaro, kiripiro, i kore pai ai te ao o mana'o ataahua. Tatiana (rite te kaituhi o te pukapuka) aroha tales iwi, e aroha korerotia e ia i te nēhi. Heoi, te tai'oraa i tona riri motuhake i ngā pukapuka.

pūāhua o te pūrākau

I tua atu i te wahi-te pūāhua matua i runga ake ki te kaipānui e tuarua. e kore e ēnei pūrākau "Eugene Onegin" whakapakoko hanga he wahi, engari ngā reira. Tenei o Tatiana tuahine Olga, e tai socialite kau, i i roto i te aroha Vladimir Lensky. Ko te whakapakoko o te tapuhi Tatiana, he tohunga o tales iwi, kua he tauira kitea - te tapuhi o Alexander Sergeyevich, Arina Rodionovna. Ko tētahi atu hero ingoakore o te pūrākau, ko te fo'ou Tatyanoy Larinoy i muri i te küao ki tana tane Evgeniem Oneginym - "nui-whānui".

Manaakitanga kaiwhakarēti, ki te kawemai ki Pushkina Roma o te tahi atu waiata Russian. Tenei Skotinin ( "Oaf" Fonvizin), me e whawhai ( "noho tata mōrearea" V. L. Pushkina).

o te iwi

Ko te whakamoemiti teitei mō Alexander Pushkin ko te aromatawai i homai e te pene tuatahi o "Evgeniya Onegina" i te tangata, i whakaaro te rohi pehe tona kaiwhakaako - Vasiliem Andreevichem Zhukovskim. ko whakaaro rawa laconic: "koe - te tuatahi i runga i te Russian Parnassus ..."

pūrākau Encyclopedic i roto i te irava tika whakaaturia te mooni Russian o te timatanga o te rau tau XIX, kua whakaaturia te ara o te ora, te āhuatanga, te wāhi pāpori o rāngai rerekē o te hapori: St.-Petersburg hapori tiketike, te rangatira Moscow, kaipupuri whenua, kaipupuri whenua, me peasants. Pea pera, engari ano hoki i te mea o te Pushkin whakaatu whakakotahi me te kikokore i roto i tona mahi, ngā uara, tikanga, waiaro, aratau o taua wa fakaanga tuhituhi Vissarion Belinsky hoatu ia he taua whakamārama whānui o 'mahi i roto i te tino rongonui "me" Encyclopedia Russian o te ora. "

hiahia Pushkin ki te huri i te wahi

History o te hanganga o "Eugene Onegin" - ko te kunenga mai o te rohi pehe taitama, i tangohia 23 tau mo te mahi ao. A, ki te i roto i te tuhi i kē wana taua (mahara pukapuka incognito whakaputaina Aleksandra Radischeva "Journey i St Petersburg ki Moscow"), ko te talena i roto i te rotarota i te wa te auaha undoubted.

Ko te mahere whakamutunga o nga mahi i hanga anake i te kaituhi i roto i 1830 i. i hauwarea me te huri paraoa ia. Hei hanga i te mohio totoka tuku iho ki tona hanganga, faaoti Alexander ki tonoa Evgeniya Onegina ranei ki te whawhai i roto i te Caucasus, kia tahuri ai ki te Decembrists ranei. Ko Eugene Onegin - te hero o te pūrākau i roto i te irava - hanga e Pushkin i kotahi faaururaa, rite "he kohinga o vahe paipōro", me ko tona āhuareka tenei.

mutunga

"Eugene Onegin" Ko te hua o te tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te pukapuka tūturu Russian i roto i te irava. Ko te rohe mo te rau tau XIX. Kua te pūrākau kua mohio e te hapori rite roa rongonui. whakaahuatanga Encyclopedic whare pātata Russian reira ki toi tiketike.

Heoi, kia rite ki fakaangá, e kore ko te pūāhua matua o tenei pūrākau tonu Onegin, me te kaituhi o te mahi. Tenei huru e kore āhua tino. Tenei ahua o te wahi matapo mo te kaipānui.

mahi Alexander i roto i te tīwhiri kuputuhi i te hononga, i mea e reira "pa te Te Tai Tokerau", me ētahi atu Ko Pushkin invisibly reira i roto i nga mahi katoa, whakarāpopoto te kata kaipānui, akaora te aamu. Kei te patu ana korukī te titi i runga i te matenga.

whakaritea Fate e Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin arotakengia e te rua o nga putanga tonu o tona pūrākau i roto i te irava i roto i te tau 1937 (ko te tuatahi i roto i 1833), kua werohia i runga i te awa Black tata kari o te rangatira mano. whakaritea tohanga 5000 kape ki te hoko, puta noa i te tau. Heoi, kua hokona kaipānui reira mo te wiki. I roto i nga Talafungani o tuhinga Russian heke mai, tetahi hoki tona wa, tonu te rapu auaha o Alexander. i whai katoa o ratou ki te hanga i te hero o tona wa. Na Mikhail Lermontov i te whakapakoko Grigoriya Aleksandrovicha Pechorina ( "Hero o to tatou Time"), a Ivan Goncharov i roto i te whakapakoko Ili Oblomova ...