Hōtaka whakamātautau - tukanga rapunga hapa i roto i te hua pūmanawa

I roto i te whanaketanga pūmanawa, e hāngai ana te wahi nui o te tukanga production i runga i whakamātau pūmanawa. He aha te mea te reira me pehea he taua mahi ka aparau i roto i tenei tuhinga.

He aha i huaina ko te whakamātautau?

E pā ana tēnei ki te tukanga e rere i te pūmanawa ki te kitea te wāhi o te mahi hē o te waehere. No te hua pai, āta hangaia huinga uaua o raraunga tāuru. Ko te whakaaro matua o te tirohanga, ko te ki te waihanga i te whai wāhi pai mō te kore o te pūmanawa. Ahakoa ētahi wā whakamatautau i te hōtaka whakawhanakehia e taea te māmā ki te taki mahi o te mahi kaha, me te mahi i nga mahi. whakaora wa tenei, engari kei te maha haere tahi e te unreliability o te pūmanawa, whakaahunga kaiwhakamahi, me pera i runga i.

tōtika

Pēhea te pai a hohoro he hapa, he nui pānga i runga i te utu me te roanga o te whanaketanga pūmanawa kounga hiahiatia. Na, ahakoa te meka e riro testers he utu e rave rahi taime iti atu i nga ngā, te utu o to ratou ratonga, ko te nuinga o te wā ki runga ki te 30 - 40% o te utu o te kaupapa katoa. Ko e tika ana ki te maha o ngā kaimahi tenei, mai i te rapu mo te pohehe - ko he tukanga rerekē, me te āhua uaua tenei. Otiia ara, ki te haere te pūmanawa e he maha raugatira o whakamātautau, i reira he kahore 100% kī e kore e tupu i te hapa. Just kahore e matau ina puta ratou. Hei whakatenatena testers ki te whiriwhiri i te momo o whakamātautau e he pea atu ki te kitea tetahi he, kei te whakamahia taputapu hihiri rerekē: e rua morare, me te rauemi.

Huarahi ki te mahi

Ko te tino arotau he ka ki te whakatinana i ngā tikanga ki te whakarite kore i i i i te timatanga hapa i roto i te pūmanawa. Ki te mahi i tenei, me tango e koe i tiaki o te hoahoa hoahoanga tika, mārama ngā o tohutoro, a he mea nui e kore e ki te hanga faatanoraa i kōrero, ina kua timata kē te mahi i runga i te kaupapa. I roto i tenei take, te hei whakamatau ki te mahi o te kimi me te tautuhi i te maha iti o hapa e toe i roto i te hua whakamutunga. Tenei ka whakaora e rua wā me te moni.

He aha te mea te whakamātautau?

Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o te mahi tirotiro, i te mea e tika ana mo te kite angitu o hē o te waehere tenei. E tika ratou i roto i te tikanga ki te whakahaere i te tono tika. He aha ngā te i roto i te whakamātautau? Kei a ia ko raraunga me ratou uara tuatahi e kia whiwhi rite te hua (takawaenga ranei). I roto i te tikanga ki te tāutu i angitu raruraru me maioro, kia whakamātautau i muri i whakawhanakehia te hātepe, engari kihai i tīmata papatono. Ko reira e minaminatia ki te whakamahi i te maha o ngā huarahi ki whakatau tata i te raraunga e hiahiatia ana. I roto i tenei take, te whakanui ake i te tūponotanga o te kimi i te hapa no te mea ka taea e koe te titiro i te waehere i te tirohanga rerekē. Me whakarato whakamātautau Complex manatokonga o ngā pānga waho o nga hua pūmanawa oti, me te ana hātepe mahi. O ngā moni me te whakarato wā heke te haurokuroku. Ko te kupu, i roto i te mahi o ngā hapa e taea maha whakakitea e mahi i te huringa i te kotahi, neke atu rānei ngā wā iti iho i te whakamaheretia. nui hoki ko te whakamātautau rorohiko, i roto e taea e koe te manatoko e te hua e hiahiatia ana i runga i ngā mīhini rerekē. Ko te tika tenei i roto i ki te tikanga kia tino e ka mahi i te pūmanawa i runga i te rorohiko katoa. I tua atu, i te whakamātautau rorohiko, ki runga ki nei e kawea te whanaketanga i roto i, he nui i roto i te hanga o te whanaketanga maha-atamira.

Arts rapurongoā

maha whai Papatono ki te mahi ki te huinga raraunga nui. He mea tika ki te hanga i tino? No. riro whānui te mahi o "ngā wāhinga" o te hōtaka. I roto i tenei take i reira ko te whakaiti whaitake o te rōrahi raraunga rite whakaritea ki taua ki kia whakamahia. Kia titiro a ki te tauira: i reira ko te hōtaka, e hanga he kopu o te 50x50 rahi. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu - me tomo ā koutou i te uara 2500. Ko tino taea, engari ka tangohia e te reira i te wa rawa te roa. Otiia i roto i te tikanga ki te whakamatautau i te taumahinga, e tango te pūmanawa he kopu nei taha he 5x5. Ki te mahi i tenei, e hiahia ana koe ki te tomo atu i te 25 ngā uara. Ki te, i roto i tenei take, he noa, hapa-free mahi, tikanga reira e he katoa i roto i te raupapa. Ahakoa i reira he mau herepata e takoto i roto i te meka e ki puta āhuatanga wāhinga, hua i roto i te huringa riro te matū, me te poto ngaro. Ko reira ano hoki te tino onge, engari tonu tupu ko e reira he ngā hou.

whaia whāinga

e kore ko te whakamātautau i te mahi ngāwari e tika ki te meka e kore he Nireaha ki te whakaōkawa i roto i te taatoaraa tenei tukanga. hōtaka nui tata kore i te taumata tika tika. Na reira, ka rite ki te aratohu mā te whakamahi i te maha o ngā raraunga autaki, e, Heoi, ka taea e kore tino whakaatu i te āhuatanga me ngā mahi o te whanaketanga pūmanawa e debugged. Ano, kia kia tīpakohia ratou na e te hua tika tātai i mua pehea ka mohiotia ai te hua pūmanawa. Ki te kore koe e kōkiri, kei te whakamatautau i te reira ki te whakaaro katoa e pā ana ki, a ki te te hua o te mīhini riro i roto i te whānuitanga tūmanakohia, ka meinga a reira e te whakatau he, e he tika nga mea katoa.

Tirohia i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē

Ka rite ki te tikanga, puta whakamātautau hōtaka i roto i ngā rōrahi i he e tika ana mo te taumahinga whakamātautau iti ki te whānuitanga iti. Ngā mahi whakahaere ki te huringa o te tawhā, me te ratou tikanga mahi. Ka taea te wehea te tukanga whakamātau ki e toru ngā wāhanga:

• Tirohia i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa. I roto i tenei take whakamatautau tatou te taumahinga taketake o te pūmanawa whakawhanakehia. Ko te hua me hāngai ki te tūmanakohia.
• Tirohia i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino. I roto i enei take, rite fenāpasi ki te raraunga rohe, pēhia ai e pā te mahi o te pūmanawa i hanga. Ka rite ki te tauira, te mahi tatou ki te tau tino nui iti ranei ara oti ngaro o ngā mōhiohio riro ranei.
• Taki i roto i ngā āhuatanga rawa. whai wāhi te reira i te whakamahi o te raraunga e, kei tua atu maimoatanga. I roto i taua āhuatanga, he mea kino rawa, no te kite ratou i te pūmanawa rite whai hua ki te tātai me te homai he hua reka. Care Me tangohia e i roto i te wā, pērā i reira ko te makanga o tetahi raraunga e kore e taea te tukatuka tika. He tika ano hoki te reira ki te whakarato mō te whakamōhio i te kaiwhakamahi e pā ana ki reira

Testing: Momo

Waihanga pūmanawa kahore hapa ko te tino uaua. Me whiwhi tēnei he nui o te wā. Ki te whiwhi te maha i te hua pai e whakamahia ana e rua ngā momo o te whakamātautau: "Arepa" me "Beta". He aha e ratou? A, no te kōrero iwi e pā ana ki te whakamātautau alpha, te auraa te arotake ki te whakahaere ia ia i roto i te āhua o te whanaketanga "taiwhanga" tikanga. Ko te wā whakamutunga o te whakamātautau tenei i te aroaro o ka te hōtaka kia whakawhiti ki te mutunga-kaiwhakamahi. Na reira, e tamata ngā ki te tahuri a tawhio noa te mōrahi. Hoki te māmā o te mahi, e taea te takiuru raraunga ki te waihanga i tētahi fakahokohoko o ngā raruraru, me o ratou otinga. I raro i te whakamātautau beta ki matau i te supply o te pūmanawa ki te iti te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi, kia e taea e ratou te whakamahi i te hōtaka, me te tautuhi i te hape kua ngaro koe. He āhuatanga motuhake i roto i tenei take ko te meka e kore te maha whakamahia te pūmanawa mo tona whakaaro e tūmanakohia ana. No te mea o tenei kore ka e tāutuhia te wahi i reira i tetahi mea kite i mua. Ko te tino noa, me te āwangawanga tenei e pā ana ki te kore i te mea e tika ana.

otinga whakamātautau

Ki te mea kua oti pai nga kaupae o mua, tonu reira ki te kawe i roto i whakamātautau whakaaetanga. Ia i roto i tenei take riro te fakaeouau pē. I roto i tenei whakamātautau mai te haamauraa e kua kitea kahore he raruraru atu a taea te tukua te pūmanawa i runga i te mākete. Ko te nui tino ka hei te hua mutunga, tata te atu ka mana aianei reira. kia Care kia tangohia ki te whakarite kia kua oti pai hikoinga katoa. Tenei ko te tukanga whakamātautau rite te katoa. Na kia ruku a ki te kōrero hangarau, me te kōrero e pā ana ki taua he taputapu whai hua, kia rite ki te hōtaka whakamātautau. He aha e ratou a ka whakamahia?

whakamātautau rorohiko-whakakaha

Mua i whakaaro ai e te tātari hihiri o te pūmanawa whakawhanakehia - ko reira huarahi taimaha rawa e tōtika whakamahia ki te kitea hē. Otiia e tika ana ki te whīwhiwhi te whakanui ake me te rōrahi o te hōtaka puta tirohanga ritenga. whakamahia whakamātautau aunoa te wahi e kakama, me te haumaru i te kaupapa matua tino nui. A kia waiho ratou i raro i tetahi tāuru. Ka rite ki te tauira, te hōtaka hoki i te mea te reira e tika ana ki taua whakamātautau, ngā te whai ake: kawa whatunga, tūmau tukutuku, sandboxing. tonu tatou ki te titiro i te tauira torutoru, e taea te whakamahi mō te taua mahi. Ki te hiahia i roto i ngā hōtaka whakamātautau noa koutou, he uaua te kounga ki te kitea i roto ia ratou. Ko reira kua ngatata "pirated" putanga o nga kaupapa pai-whakapumautia, kia taea e koe te kōrero ki o ratou ratonga.

horonga

āwhina ana tēnei taputapu ki te kitea e whakamatauria hē ngā hōtaka i roto i te aratau tātari hihiri. kohikohi te reira i raraunga, me te tātari i te mahi o te ara hangaia ahanoa. hoatu te hei whakamatau te he huinga o ngā kōkuhunga e meinga hapa ranei hipa te huinga ngā o herenga. Ngā mihi ki te whakamātautau pai o te hātepe whakawhanakehia e te maha nui o ngā āhuatanga ka taea. Ka whiwhi ana te hōtaka i te huinga rerekē o ngā raraunga tāuru, e tukua ana ki te whakatau i te maha nui o ngā āhuatanga, me te hanga i ngā āhuatanga i roto i nei te tino pea ko te takanga o te kore. He painga nui o te hōtaka ko te whakamahi o te ngahuru heuristic. Ki te reira te mea he raruraru, na te hapa tono ko tino pea. Ko he fakangatangata pērā i Taki tohua kotahi anake turanga tāuru kōnae ranei tenei papatono. A, no te ka i roto i mau ana i roto i te mahi pērā i ngā hōtaka whakamātautau ngā mōhiohio taipitopito e pā ana ki te raruraru ki te atatohu i whakakahore, koropiko mure ore, wāhitau hē ranei malfunctions e tika ana ki te whakamahi o whare pukapuka. O te akoranga, e kore te mea he rārangi tino o hapa kitea me ratou mau hi'oraa noa anake tenei. Fakatonutonu hē, aue, kua ngā - e kore e tika ana mō ēnei take tikanga aunoa.

Klee

Ko reira he hōtaka pai mō te mahara whakamatautau. Ka taea e tapea te reira i āhua 50 ngā waea pūnaha me te tokomaha nui o ngā tukanga mariko kupu mahi i roto i te whakarara motuhake ranei. Otiia i roto i te whānui, e kore e rapu i te hōtaka mō te tahi mau wahi hihira, me tukanga te nui mōrahi taea o te waehere me te tātari whakamahia ara raraunga. No te mea o tenei, tei te hōtaka whakamātautau i runga i te rahi o te ahanoa. A, no te arowhai i te bet whakanohoia te i runga i ngā tukanga tohu. Ko ratou tetahi o nga ara ka taea ki te mahi i ngā mahi i roto i te hōtaka whakamatauria e te. Ngā mihi ki te mahi whakarara he taea ki te tātari i te maha nui o rerekē o te mahi o te tono whakamātautau. Hoki ia ara o huinga raraunga tāuru e penapena i muri i tona whakamātautau, i timata ki te haki. Me kï reira e ngā hōtaka whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i Klee āwhina ki te tautuhi i te maha nui o ngā rerekētanga, e kore e waiho. Ka taea e kitea te reira i raruraru noa i roto i ngā tono e kua whakawhanakehia hoki tekau tau.