Huringa whanariki

puta whanariki ki runga ki te mata o te whenua kia rite ki te hua o te mahi puia i roto i te puka o pūhui, i roto i te tua ki tenei, kei hoki te wai pūngāwhā hauwai i roto i te tahi mau puna. whakaaturia Porohita te pūngāwhā e ngā tukanga koiora e kua meinga e microorganisms i te pirau o te tipu, me te kararehe toenga. Ki runga ki whāwehe o pūmua kei roto waikawa amino ngā whanariki (cysteine, cystine, methionine), me te whāwehe o te tipu hinu faufaa i hanga hauwai sulfide me mercaptan. tukua hauwai sulfide te i roto i te whakaiti o Mariao o te waikawa sulfurous, waikawa pungatara me te waikawa sernovatistoy whai wāhi huakita pākawa-whakaiti me te whai wāhi hoki i roto i te huringa whanariki.

I roto i te meka, e kore te te sulfide hauwai whenumi e tipu, a i runga i, me te kararehe. Hauwai sulfide oxidizes huakita whanariki motuhake, hua i roto i te hanganga o Ngā pūkawa e e tino pai riro e te otaota. Kei roto hoki tipu synthesized pūhui-whanariki kei roto i roto i te huringa whanariki i roto i te natura. Ammonifiers me huakita pākawa-whakaiti whakakahoretia o ratou hauwai sulfide. puta huringa whanariki, i te tahi atu te ringa, i te utu o huakita whanariki i oxidize hauwai sulfide.

rōpū huakita whanariki

E wehea huakita whanariki ki e rua ngā rōpū: taekore me tae papura.

puka taekore ko:

1) momo katoa o Beggiatoa - roa miro kua akariro. I roto ia ratou i reira he te nui o nga huakita katoa;

2) etahi momo Thiothrix - he tonu kakawaea roa e kua piri ki ahanoa raro;

3) e rave rahi momo o huakita pūtau-tahi - Thiophysa.

huakita katoa - autotrophs. whakatairanga huringa whanariki tona haaputuraa i roto i te pūtau. I raro i ngā āhuatanga tūturu, e kitea huakita whanariki anake i roto i ngā wāhi i reira hua hauwai sulfide te tonu a te wahi i reira he rere noa o te hāora. Movement o huakita puta i roto i te pereti kitakita. huakita tohanga whanariki i roto i te ao koiora pana ake me ki raro mo te hāora i runga i te hauwai sulfide. Papanga Moana Black i roto i huakita kei te i te hohonu o e pā ana ki 200 m.

Ko te hāora o huakita whanariki ki te hāora e wahi i roto i te rua ngā wāhanga. I te tīmatanga, e oxidized ratou ki whanariki, whakatakotoria nei i roto i te cytoplasm o ngā pūtau, me te whakamahia hei rauemi pūngao kē.

Ki te kore ko te reo oxidized nui sulfide hauwai te āta ki pungatara waikawa whanariki penapena. Kei te whāpāharehia te reira, ka peia bicarbonates pūtau kei roto i te puka o Mariao pūkawa.

Ko oti waho te whai wāhitanga o te papura huakita whanariki taonga bakteriopurpurinom ngarahu huringa whanariki, hoatu ratou atarangi rerekē o whero, me te photosynthetic te ngarahu bacteriochlorophyll.

He whānui huakita whanariki i roto i te natura. ora ratou i roto i nga puna whanariki, wai whakaroau, parahua, te oneone. He autotrophic huakita whanariki, whakawhenumi te hauhā, te whakamahi i te pūngao, i hanga nei e te piti hāora o ngā momo whanariki iti.

Ki te huakita whanariki taekore ngā thiobacteria i rua Thiobacillus thioparus, Thiobacillus thiooxidans me ētahi atu. Haunga e pitihāoratia hauwai pūngāwhā me te whanariki thio pūhui e hoki he autotrophs i roto i te tote me te wai hou i roto i te oneone.

tahi huringa whanariki e te tukanga whakaiti, meinga e huakita whanariki, e e te tahi mau taime fakanatula tae rahi nui. I roto i te Moana Black i te hohonu o 200 m kei te nui nui taua o hauwai sulfide e tino mutu te ora i reira he. Ki te haaputuputuraa o te hauwai sulfide i te whenua, ki tonu i te wai, ka taea e mutu tona tipu, me te kararehe ora.

Ngāwhā whakaiti huakita hanga whakaora pungatara maha roto paru e pā ana ki Pyatigorsk, wahapū me e tata ana Odessa Yevpatoria. E tahuri ēnei huakita ki hauwai pūngāwhā i roto i te puranga pango o hydrate colloidal o pūngāwhā rino, impregnating yl awa. puta hoki te waikura o te rino i runga i to ratou he i tika ki nei te putorino poka pakaru, me te irrigation.

He wāhi i roto i te maimoatanga koiora huakita whanariki o puunaha , a he tohu o te kaha contamination o te oneone , me te wai i roto i te whakataunga.