Whakarōpū o tukanga mahi. Whakarōpū o tukanga whakangao

I roto i te mākete whakataetae o te faufaa ngā mo ia kamupene whiwhi te whakaiti o utu, me te tango i te whakawhetai ki te moni nui. Ka rite ki te au matua i roto i tenei mahi tavini te whakahaere tika o ngā tukanga mahi.

Ko te hāngaitanga o te pātai

A, no te hanga koe rauemi i te hanga, kua tahuri hua āhua-oti, me ngā rauemi raw ki ngā hua oti. whakamahi te reira e toru ngā wāhanga: te mea o te hanga, me te kaupapa o te mahi. Ki te tangata tuatahi ketia te āhua o te ahanoa, ona āhuatanga physico-matū, puka, wāhi. mea o te hanga e whakamahia i roto i te hua mana tukanga ahumahi, te whakatinanatanga o te tahi atu mahi. Tangohia tahi, ngā mahi katoa hanga hinonga. Ko te kupu, ko te ihirangi o te tukanga mahi ngā ngā mahi kaimahi e tika ana mō ngā huringa pai i roto i te tumu parau. Ko te tōtika o ngā mahi tei runga i ngā āhuatanga. I roto ia ratou a te āhua o te tukanga whakaputa, me nga pau o te mahi, me te tohu o te whai wāhi tangata i roto i tona whakatinanatanga.

Āhuatanga ahumahi hua

I roto i te rauemi mahi mahi, ae whakaputaia ketia ana rauemi raw me hua āhua-oti ki ngā hua rite mō te whakamahi / kohi. mahi tenei kei te ki te āwhina i raro i te mātakitaki o te tangata ranei. I roto i te mahi, te whakarōpū e whai ake o tukanga production :

1. Key. Ratou whakaaro, ko te ki te whakaputa taonga mo te mākete.
2. Houalotú. Ko ētahi o ēnei, mo te tauira, ngā transportation, ngā mahi tiaki. whakarato rātou i te mahi noa o te hinonga.

Whakarōpū o tukanga whakaputa he faufaa mahi nui. Tetahi o enei e taea te tiro i ngā taha e rua. I roto i te wahi tuatahi, whakaputa tukanga - he huinga o ngā rerekētanga e tango te wahi ki ngā. I te wa ano, he ratou he kohinga o ngā mahi o ngā kaimahi ki te whiwhi i te hua oti. I roto i te take tuatahi o te hangarau, me te tuarua - o te tukanga mahi.

kāwai o ngā mahi

Whakaröpütia tukanga hangarau rite ki:

• tohu o te ukiuki;
• he pūtake mana;
• tikanga o te mana i runga i te tumu parau.

Tei runga i te pūtake pūngao he taratahi mahi mātātoa me te hāngū. He taiao nga whakamutunga, me te kore e rapua e atu pūngao tahuri tangata ki te mahi i runga i te tumu parau. He tauira o te whakarewa hāngū ko te mahi meangiti i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa. Ko e rongo hāngai ranei te tangata i runga i te tumu parau, e aore tukanga Active nga tikanga o te mahi, aia e te pūngao tahuri kaimahi. Ka taea e ngā mahi tukanga e tonu motuhake ranei. I roto i te take tuatahi, ko te tukanga e kore e mutu i roto i te utanga o rauemi, tohatoha o ngā hua, i mehua mana. Nä, āhuatanga te kāwai tuarua e te aroaro o ngā wehenga. Tei runga i te tikanga mo te rongo me te momo o te taputapu tukanga kia pūmārō mihini ranei. i mahi whakamutunga ā i te tikanga o mīhini kaimahi, taputapu mīhini me te pera i runga i ranei. I roto i tenei tukanga, i raro i te ahanoa te ki ahotea aunoa. Ka rite ki te putanga taui te reira i te āhua, tūnga, te rahi o te ahanoa. tukanga Pūmārō ngā rongo ki pūngao waiariki, tauhohe matū, radiation ranei āhuatanga koiora. Enei ngā mahi tango i te wahi i roto i te ruma, oumu, oko, pati, a pera i runga i. Ko te hua ko te hua e kia rerekē i te rauemi tīmata hoki ona āhuatanga matū, āhua whakahiato o te hanganga. Kei te tino maha ngā mahi taputapu whakamahia i roto i te tukatuka kai, metallurgy, te koioraiti, ahumahi matū.

He ako o ngā tukanga mahi

Kua kawea katoa tukanga kaupae i i te hinonga ki te whai wāhitanga o te tangata. I roto i ngā taiao ahumahi te tukanga mahi, ko te mahi o ngā kaimahi e hāngai ana ki te huringa o etahi rauemi i roto i te hua motuhake. Ka rite ki ona huanga matua ko:

• pūngao me te wā utu;
• te whaihua o te hua;
• moni;
• mahi utu mahi.

whakaritea te ngako o te mahi e he fakakātoa 'o te ngā mahi me ngā nekeneke o te kaimahi e hiahiatia ana mo te mahia o ngā wāhanga katoa. kia whakarato te whakahaere o ngā tukanga mahi:

• whiwhi mahi;
• mōhiohio me te whakangungu rauemi;
• whai wāhi tika i roto i te huringa o ngā rauemi mata ki te hua oti, kia rite ki te hangarau;
• tuku o ngā hua.

pū

tukanga mahi, me tona kumi faaohipahia i whakaratohia te tikanga o te raveraa i etahi ngā mahi e taea te āwhina whakaiti i te ahotea tinana, te hanga haratau i roto i te whakahaere i ngā mahi, i te whakakorenga o ngā mahi faufaa, me te maha. Ko te tikanga tono kia māmā ki te whakahaere me te mehua kaute. Kei te tata e pā ana Whakarōpū, ihirangi me te hanganga o ngā tukanga mahi ki te hangarau e whakamahia ana i te tipu. I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka whakawhirinaki te tōtika mahi e kore anake i runga i tona whakahaere tika. E rite nui ko te hoahoa o te taputapu, taputapu ahumahi, te whakahaere o ngā tukanga mahi me mahi. Ēnei āhuatanga tākaro he wāhi piki nui i roto i ngā āhuatanga hou.

Āhuatanga o te mahi mahi

tukanga mahi, e whakaaro nga parau tumu o tona whakahaere ki te kia kotahi o nga āhuatanga taketake o tetahi hinonga. I roto i ngā o te aunoatanga me mechanization tino nui haere ngā tono i runga i te kounga o te mahi o ngā kaimahi whai wāhi i roto i te tiaki o te taputapu. Tenei he no te mea i ka whakawhirinaki tenei i runga i te tōtika o te hinonga.

Whakarōpū o tukanga mahi: tepu tūtohi

Tei mahi Hanganga i runga i te mahi, e whakamahia ana te hangarau me logistics. Hei ako i tona kanorau te whakarōpū o ngā tukanga mahi. E ngā momo rerekē o ngā mahi ki ngā rōpū i runga i ngā kaupapa motuhake. Tei runga i te whāinga ako, tīpakohia etahi paearu e tohu i te tukanga mahi, me tona whakahaere. Ka taea te kawea i roto i na Whakarōpū o mahi kaimahi:

• āhuatanga o te rauemi raw whakamahia i roto i te matū, whakarewa me te woodworking ngā mahi, me etahi atu;
• mahi kawe (whakarōpū o tukanga mahi i roto i tenei take whakarato te wehenga ki te mahi tuari taketake, ngā mahi whakahaere);
• momo production: kia ai taua mea nui, rangatū, takitahi (wae);
• te āhua me te ihirangi o ngā mahi: e taea te tukatuka ratou, i waiariki, extractive, physicochemical me pera i runga i;
• puka o te whakahaere o te mahi: e taea e te reira i te takitahi, i raro-katia, ngā;
• periodicity me te roanga.

Whakarāpopototanga aroaro i roto i te ripanga i raro nei.

āhuatanga o

Tei runga i te whakaaro o te mahi o te hanga kaimahi e wehea ki te matua, me te mau pŭpŭ tauturu. whakaawe ana tēnei whakarōpū o tukanga mahi nga ture kōwhiringa mo te kaimahi, te ara o ratou whakatū. Reira ka pā hoki te whiriwhiri o tikanga ki te hanga i nga tikanga e tika ana mo te iwi o ratou mahi ngaio. Kei te hoki kawea Whakarōpū o tukanga mahi i rite ki te tohu o te whai wāhitanga kaimahi. E kawea ngā mahi ā-ringa i roto i ā na roto i te te whakamahi i taputapu kore-mīhini ranei. Hei tauira, kia reira e tae paraihe preform. E whakamana ringa ngā mahi mīhini ki te whakamahi o taputapu matatini ake. Hei tauira, e taea te tāne reira rua ki te drill hiko. Machine me ngā mahi ā-ringa, he tikanga e pā ana i te kaimahi. I roto i tenei take, i hanga te tohunga kua etahi tautooraa ki te whakahaere i nga mea timatanga o te taputapu. Hoki te machining ngā mahi ngā tukanga e kua whakamana i runga i nga mihini me ētahi atu māpele. I roto i enei take, heke kaimahi te whai wāhitanga e anake ki te whakahaere whakaurunga. I huaina tukanga aunoa e kua mahi ana e te mīhini, te kaupapa o kaimahi nei tinana me te mana e mua-programmed ki te whakamahi o rorohiko. E heke ngā mahi kaimahi ki te aroturuki i te ahunga whakamua o ngā mahi.

Ko te āhua o te hua, me te ahanoa

He he he whakarōpū o ngā tukanga mahi, i roto i nei wehea te mahi ki ngā mōhiohio me te tūturu-pūngao. I roto i te take whakamutunga, te hua, me te kaupapa o te mahi ngaio - rauemi (taipitopito, rauemi, rauemi raw) ranei pūngao (waipēhi, waiariki, hiko). Fakatatau ki ai, he angamaheni mo kaimahi mahi taua tukanga. Hua me te mea i raro i roto i te take tuatahi - mōhiohio. E nehenehe te reira hoahoa, hangarau, ohaoha. whakamana ngā mahi Mōhiohio kaimahi (tohunga).

Ko te pau o ngā āhuatanga hanga mo te mahi

Ka rite tetahi o nga wāhanga matua o te whakahaere o te mahi i roto i te kamupene ko te whakapai ake o te whakamahere me te whakapai ake mahi o mahi ngā. Ko te tika tenei mo te hanganga o ngā āhuatanga mō te-kounga tiketike, me te mahi nui-mahi i te utu tinana i raro taea. Wāhimahi - hono tuatahi hanganga hinonga. Ko Ia o ratou he wāhi o te tono o te kaha tinana me te hinengaro o te tangata. Workplace Me rawa ki nga taputapu e tika ana whakamahia ki te mahi i nga mahi e tetahi atu ranei hinonga. whakatau te reira i te tikanga mo te mahi (taimaha, noa, kino), aratau o te faaoaoaraa, me te mahi, te āhua o ngā mahi (i tuhia ai, kanorau, me pera i runga i).

wāhanga matua o te whakahaere

tavini wāhi mahi rite tetahi o nga kāwai tino nui ako i roto i te anga o te ariā mana. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i te rohe i roto i nei i te tangata e waha ana i ratou mahi ngaio, he pānga hāngai i runga i pai tenei. Mai reira, i roto i te tahuri, tei runga i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere rauemi tangata me te hinonga rite te katoa. I roto i te tukanga o te whakahaere wāhi mahi whakatau i nga wero o:

• whakamahi ikeiketanga o te wāhi hinonga;
• fokotu'utu'u kouma i roto i te iti wahi o nga āhuatanga katoa o te wāhi mahi;
• te hanga taiao watea, me te māhorahora mō ngā kaimahi;
• ārai paanga kino i runga i ngā āhuatanga roto, o waho tangata;
• ratonga ore kounga ki ia wāhi mahi, te whakarato i te mahi naki, tonu, me te tukutahinga o ngā pae.

Ko te whakaaro o te whakahaere

I roto i te wāhi mahi, i reira he he hononga o ngā wāhanga o te tukanga mahi: tikanga te kaupapa, me te whakatika i te mau tautooraa o te kaimahi. Ko te mahi matua i roto i te anga o mahi whakahaere huānga noho mahi ki te whakaiti i te wā me te parekura tinana. utua ngā aro te ki te whakarite haumaru i mahi taputapu. āhuatanga whakahaere tika e te tika tika mo te tikanga i whakarite ai. Tenei e taea te tutuki ki te e whakawhanakehia paerewa:

• tohunga mātanga;
• te tikanga tūtohutia;
• te whakamahi i te paerewa mahi.

wā Analysis e kai ana

He mea tika ki te whakatū i ngā paerewa rawaka. whakamana ana te tātaritanga te rite ki te whakarōpū whakamahia e rangitahi kaimahi utu. Ko te paearu ngā te whai ake:

• tonu kaimahi kaha tinana;
• ahanoa o mahi;
• taputapu.

Mahi wā ko te mehua o utu mahi.

Ko te uara o ngā wāhi mahi, me te tiaki

I roto i te wāhi mahi, kia whakapumautia tuku wā o ngā rauemi mata, taputapu me ngā rauemi, hanga me te whakaaetanga o te taputapu. Kua whakawhanakehia e te hinonga me te whakatinana i te pūnaha o ngā wāhi tiaki matatini. E whakarato ana i:

• whakangungu me te kōrero ki ngā taumata kaimahi me ngā mahi tohatoha;
• taputapu taputapu;
• whakatikatikanga o taputapu;
• supply pūngao, ngā pūrere TBO me tāuta;
• hanga o nāianei, me te tiaki o te taputapu;
• taputapu mana kounga me ngā o te mahi;
• fariiraa o taonga oti ki te whare putunga.

whakamanatanga

āhei te reira ki a koutou kitea mahi e kore e e whakatau ngā whakaritenga hou, e whakamahi kokotikore mahi ā-taimaha mahi e mahi kawea atu i roto i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō te kaimahi ranei. hē katoa tāutuhia i roto i te aromatawai, me te whakakorea rite wawe tonu. Mau mai i mahi i roto i te rārangi ki te whakaritenga hou ko te kawenga o ngā kaiwhakahaere. Ka taea e Kawenga te āwhina te whakapai ake me te arotau i te mahi o hinonga.

mutunga

tukanga Reipa me ratou whakarōpū ko te turanga o tetahi hinonga. I roto i ngā āhuatanga hou, ka e tipu i te ake-tipu tūranga o te aunoatanga titauraa i runga i te kounga me te tere o te mahi. Hei wāhanga o te mahi whakahaere e whakawhanakehia, ka whakatinanahia tauira o arotautanga o te mahi wāhi, te whakakore taputapu tawhitotia me mau-i roto i.