Icebreaker "Leader": āhuatanga me photo

Ko te aronga matua i roto i te whanaketanga o te Moana Northern Route ko ki te whakarite i te kaweake o ngā rauemi mata kohuke, me hoki tenei mahi me te whenua i te rangatira Icebreaker hou. Whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa haumi i roto i te mara o te rauemi kohuke (ma tahi o ratou e pā ana ki te hinu, me te hau, me te wha atu - ki te waro me te ore maina, tae atu ki ngā me te tūmanako - Norilsk, Dudinka, New Port Dickson, "Yamal LNG" me ētahi atu) E titau te reira te tauwhiro tonu. Na no te mea i roto i te wā roa, te tino tonu, - te whakanui ake waka NSR, e mahi i tēnei wā icebreakers rārangi, o nei e wha ngota me wha diesel-hiko. e kore e ratou nui, no te mea i reira ka kia hou, me te kia Icebreaker rangatira hohoro.

Ko te āhuatanga me ngā mahi

I roto i nga wai o te Moana Northern Route he, rite whakahuatia, e waru kaipuke: te karihi "Vaigach", "Taimyr", "Yamal" me "50 Tau o Victory", me te engines diesel "Kāpene Dranitsin", "Kapitan Khlebnikov", "Krasin" me "Admiral Makarov". Port hanganga i roto i tona whanaketanga arotahi te katoa i runga i te whanaketanga o te hinu, me te hau mara, me te putanga o kaipuke hou hou, he aha te mea te rangatira Icebreaker heke mai, hoki he katoa e tika ana ki te keri. he oko taua ki kawenga o taranata neke atu i te kotahi rau mano me te neke atu i te rima tekau mita te whānui, ka kawea i roto i nga tira te tau-a tawhio ikiiki katoa haere te ara moana. Tere, e fafau ki he rangatira Icebreaker, whakaritea utu-whai hua - hoki e pā ana ki tekau ma rima knots i roto i te huka e nui.

kawea hoahoa kë i roto i "Krylovskiy SSC" ko CDB "huka". Mai te timatanga, whakawhanakehia e ia te hōu rangatira Icebreaker karihi-powered (kaupapa LK-110YA). Ko te taea ki te whakarato navigation tau-a tawhio noa, me te ki te haere tahi katoa o te ope ki te Arctic ia. I mahara te kaipuke ki te kia nui - neke atu i te rua rau mita te roa, me te wha tekau whanui. Power reira i runga i nga rakau, kia rite ki te ingoa o te kaupapa, kua whakamaheretia hoki e pā ana ki 110 MW (tuhinga o taitara: LK - tio-takahi, 110 - te mana, ahau - he tipu te mana karihi). Mooni katoa haere te NSR hiahiatia icebreakers, ahei o te upooti'araa i te matotoru hukapapa ki mita e toru, me te hawhe. Ko reira ko tetahi kaupapa - LK-120 MW, te tumanako o to tatou kaipuke Arctic, a ka korero e pā ana ki reira kia kōrero i raro nei.

mahere

I roto i te wahi ki te hauauru o te hukapapa Arctic kore he rite matotoru - ki runga ki te toru mita, a reira e taea te whakarato whakatere icebreakers i tetahi wa o te tau, ara, ki te whai ratou i te kaha o runga ki te ono tekau megawatts. I roto i te Te Tai Rāwhiti, te ara katoa, he tino rerekē te āhuatanga tio. Na ki te tautoko i navigation tau-a tawhio taha te Northern Moana Route, toronga ora o ngā kaipuke karihi-powered whakaritea (whakaritea i mua haora kotahi rau mano, a inaianei - he rau e rima tekau). A i tenei wa ki te hanga me te hoatu ki te mahi i te whakatupuranga hou o te ao mihini karihi tauira-rua, me te rangatira Icebreaker (kaupapa LK-110YA). vai taua mahere tae noa ki 2008, ka i icebreakers hou ki te kia hoatu ki te mahi.

Ka rite ki te hua, te karihi-powered "Siberia" Kua oti ake, me te rongonui i whanau "Arctic" i roto i te 1972, e te tino pau ona rauemi, i roto i Pipiri 2016 whakakapi e hou te "Arctic", te kaha ki te whakakapi rua icebreakers - a mo toru-mita tio moana-haere, a ki te mahi i roto i awa. Heoi, e kore e te whakarewatanga tikanga te otinga o te mahi katoa. Heoi, ka kia hoatu te Icebreaker ki mahi i roto i Hakihea 2017, ki te haere katoa kia rite ki te mahere. Ko tenei he kaipuke rawa pai, a te tino tika, engari ehara i te mea te rangatira ano. Ko te āhuatanga ko e taea ake i runga ki mita e toru me te hawhe te tio passability rangatira Icebreaker. I tua atu, ka nui haere te reira i te tere o te hotoke, engari ka hoki pilotage e whakaratohia waho takahi nga ngā o te tuku o taonga. Kaua wa o te tau huarere ranei tikanga e kore e manukanuka Icebreaker LK-110YA ( "rangatira" - he kaupapa te waehere i roto i tenei take). i pukumahi Development CDB "huka" ko Afrikantov ingoa OKBM (Installations Nuclear).

Kia pehea te he mahi

I roto i te 2015, ka kite te ao he aha te rangatira Icebreaker karihi-powered, ahakoa i rite ki te ngä anake. I roto i Hakihea o te tau mea i tū i te Fifth International Forum whakatapua ki te hakari, me te heke mai o te Arctic, a Krylov Center Research i runga i tona turanga whakakitea te fafau tauira o te heke mai o te kaipuke. Ko reira te Icebreaker, te rangatira o te kaupapa kua whakamaheretia 10510. te ona kaha i roto i te megawatts kotahi rau e rua tekau, me te hanga ka waiho reira waru iwa ranei nga tau. Hohoro ki tenei taea ake, Me matou he hanganga tika, me te kaipuke utanga. I te 2015 i oti ai hoahoa tuatahi, a i roto i te 2016 hangaia me Technology. Na te whakarite tuhinga hoahoa. Na roto i tenei mahi, ka kia korerotia te rangatira Icebreaker hou i roto i te momo o ngā taumata kuti.

Na ka ko Kubinka he forum ao "Army 2016", te wahi i te aroaro ano te tauira, engari rerekē i te taketake. ke kaupapa Hoahoa āhua tino. Kei te whakawhanakehia Icebreaker karihi kaupapa "Leader" e rave rahi kamupene. Tuatahi o te katoa, CDB "huka" - te kaiwhakawhanake ārahi me Krylovskiy SSC tika whakaae ki a ratou ia i te hoahoa o tētahi ariā. I roto i tenei take, kua tino puta ke te waho. I roto i te 2017, ka timata te whakatinanatanga mahi o te whanaketanga.

mahi moka

Ko te hoahoa, i e whai i te Leader Icebreaker karihi (Project 10510) he ahurei, he reira e taea ki te homai i te waea i roto i te huka, ara o kawe nuinga nui me taraka, o te hunga e whakamahi nei te Moana Northern Route taea kore. He kupu hou i roto i te hītori o te ahumahi te pahi e tomo te mea e kore e te oko i tetahi o te taua ripeka-rara i roto i te matua (anga), kia e whakarato i tētahi uruhanga tino i roto i te hukapapa, e kore e taea ki te mahi i tetahi o tenei Icebreaker piha haapiiraa e. Kua tatau kaihoahoa, a kitea rongoā hangarau hou e rangatira Icebreaker, kua whakanohoia i te timatanga, me te i te mutunga o to tatou arotake nei tahora whakaahua, ka taea e ngāwari hinga ara e toru me te hawhe, me te wha mita i roto i te tio matotoru, a tae noa katoa e rima, faaineine hoki kaipuke ke fakafou whanui o neke atu i te rima tekau mita.

A rite tonu ki "kikokore" te tio (e rua mita!), Ka tangohia te reira i wahi i waho te whakaiti i te tere o ma wha knots. Na te mana, kotahi tekau nga tau whakaritea i mua, kua mea ki te iti. kia whai i te iti rawa i te rangatira upoko Icebreaker, whakaaro kē 110 MW kaihoahoa mana rawa noa mō te colossus taua kotahi rau e rua tekau megawatts. I muri i te raupapa o Icebreaker tikanga LK-60 e rua-mita te huka kei te neke i te tere o te rua anake kōpuku, a he taea ki te wahi i roto i te ara e kore whānui atu i te toru tekau-ono mita. ka propellers i runga i te poari hou kia hanga o te rauemi Graphene, a kahore o ratou analogues i roto i te ao. Tenei hua ahurei ira ki te tio, e te huri āhua mō tino arotau i runga i te tere o te Icebreaker, e te tikanga e kore e ngaro te tere poti rānei, engari ka whiwhi ngāwari. I roto i te hinga o 2017 rangahau - tau, whakamātautau me te matatini - kua oti kē i oti, a ka kua haere nga whakamātautau. mana motuhake o te oko whakaritea waru-marama (roanga o te haerenga, kahore karanga i te tauranga), me te wā o te mahi - hoki e wha tekau nga tau. Head Icebreaker Leader (Kaupapa 10510) whakaritea ki te tomo mahi i roto i te 2024.

tau

I tua atu ki te matenga o te oko icebreaking, tonu ki te kia whakawhanakehia me te hunga i kōrero nei i mua i roto i tenei tuhinga - ko te Icebreaker karihi-powered, te rangatira o 110 MW. Displacement o 600 taranata ko 55, roa - mōrahi 206, me te whanui - 40 mita, hohonu - 20 mita, Koinei - 13, me te iti whakahaere - 11 mita. Ka kia rite rawa ratou ki e toru propellers. Na roto i te wai parakore ka haere i te tere o te 24 knots, me te whati i te matotoru tio ake ki 3.5 mita. ka hiahia taua Icebreaker te waka o 127 iwi.

A mo te whakarite, te upoko o te āhuatanga rangatira Icebreaker (ngä 105110). Displacement nui teitei - 71380 taranata, roa 209 m, whanui o 47.7. Parakiwai i tenei oko ko te taua - 13 mita. Ko te pūnaha piere, ko te nui ake kaha. Raktora reira ka kia e rua - RITM-400, e rua o te putanga o 350 MW wera. He mana oko, rite i mea i runga, 120 MW. e kore te mea iti rite ngā Icebreaker Cruising, tikanga motuhake - waru marama. tau ngā tiraa oko auau patency me te huka: te matotoru o 4.3 m - 2 kōpuku, pera i te matotoru o te 2 m - 15 knots. Ko te whanui o te awa, e paves te Icebreaker - 51 mita.

I te tihi rawa

Hoki te whakatūnga o taua icebreakers tangohia kē he whakatau i te kāwanatanga Russian, te wahi tēra i te pūtea ki te whakaoti i te maha o ngā rōpū - te Tāhuhu o Industry Russia, Russian Tāhuhu o Transport, te Tāhuhu o Finance me te State Corporation "Rosatom". ka timata hanga rangatū i muri i 2020. He rite te hoahoa tuatahi mō tenei ra, a ka tīmata te hanganga o icebreakers 110 MW. Ko rua rite kaha te Icebreaker upoko-rangatira rite inaianei i raro i hanga - shestidesyatimegavattnyh, rite kī kua i roto i Mei 2015, Dmitry Rogozin. Ka kia hinga whanaketanga wāhanga i roto i te raupapa whakaritea ko te tono hangarau, na te hoahoa tuatahi, i muri i te mea tū a te mutunga mahi i te kaupapa.

A e rua nga tau i muri mai, i te mutunga o Pipiri 2017, i roto i St. whakatuwheratia Petersburg te International Maritime Defence Whakaatu, te wahi Aleksey Rahmanov, te peresideni pahi Corporation, korero he rota e pā ana ki te opuaraa e, e kawea mai i te hanga o te kaupapa Icebreaker 10510 "Leader". tuhia hoki ia e pūtea i te Tāhuhu o Ahumahi te kaupapa anake i roto i te mahi tuatahi, no te mea ano i mahi nui te āhuatanga hangarau. Ko e kore kua aha ano timata te hanganga o te kaupapa pūtea mo tona hanganga. kati kua oho i mua Icebreaker i roto i te mahi mo tetahi atu tau. I te tīmatanga mahara te reira ki te mahi i te reira i roto i 2023, ka huaina inaianei te-th 2025.

Kia pehea te tupu i te reira

Ko te momo tino whaihua o icebreakers mo te heke mai tohunga katoa kite te Russian kaupapa 10510 Icebreaker karihi "Leader", tae atu LC-110YA me LC-120YA). Ko te mahi matua mō te oko taua - ki te whakarato i navigation tau-a tawhio haere te roa katoa o te moana Northern Route me ki te whakahaere i te ope ki te Arctic. Kua tuhia putanga maha pāpāho e korero ai Rosatomflot ki te hanga i te kaipuke taua e 2023 i roto i Severodvinsk ranei Hato Petersburg, me nga tikanga ki te rave i te reira ka hoatu e te hōtaka sotsekonomrazvitiya te Russian Arctic, me a i roto i te wā ki runga ki te 2020, ka kia taurewa, me i roto i te wā roa.

Heoi, i roto i te Paenga-whāwhā 2017 kua pokanoa te Manatū Ōhanga ki te tono ki te ako tino o te hōtaka, hāunga te pūtea o waru piriona moni, i whakaritea ki te haumi i roto i te hanga o te oko. Mahalo he mārama tenei whakatau: ki te whai wāhi i roto i te taua kaupapa nui kāwanatanga e kore kia anake. Ko te whenua kua te rota o te whakapaipai tūmataiti, i te mea tino painga ki te hanga o te tio-takahi, te a tawhio navigation tuwhera taha te Moana Northern Route.

Maritime Defense Whakaatu

Ngā mihi ki te International Maritime Defence Whakaatu, a i roto i te noa'tu o te aukati anti-Russian, rawa tata mohio maha röpü ke ki te kaupapa o te Icebreaker hou. He nga rangatira o nga ope manuao o whenua rerekē, Hekeretari o te Navy me te tokomaha nui o ngā kaiwhakanao ke, te nuinga Pākehā. Ko ratou rawa hiahia i roto i te mahere e hono ana ki to tatou kaipuke, ka, i roto i te parau tumu, e te tahi mea o te moni e kore ratou i mate ake.

Arctic kaupapa - motuhake katoa. nga kaupapa katoa o icebreakers Russian kua tino ako manuhiri ke, engari ki te Icebreaker "Leader" i roto i te hawhe te moni whakakitea ratou i roto i te miharo. Nui icebreakers karihi nui "Siberia", "Ural", "Arctic" Ka kia hoatu ki te mahi mai i 2019 ki te 2021-th, a to ratou katoa hawhe te kaha - 60 MW. Na tenei - ko te rangatira, ka waiho ia ko tona rau e rua tekau megawatts taea ki te ripiripia ake te huka me tata kore here - i te iti rawa e rima mita matotoru.

whakaaro tohunga

hoki oko icebreaking mo te ara, engari no te mea o te whakahaere kaipuke - a karihi me te kore-karihi - ka haere te hiahia ki te whakakotahi, - e haere mai tohunga Russian ki tenei whakaaro. I roto i to tatou whenua, o te akoranga, i reira e te tahi mau rauemi ki te hanga i te kaipuke Icebreaker kaha, a ka tino kia tino kī te reira i roto i te Arctic, kia rite ki te utanga Kei te tipu haere tonu i reira. Heoi, me mahi i te hanga o oko Arctic kore anake ki te utu kāwanatanga. E ai ki te tohunga, he mea e tika ana ki te whakawhanake i tenei rohe, me te ki te kukume haumi tūmataiti ki te hanganga o icebreakers hou.

Ko te rōrahi o te uee haere te NSR (Moana Northern Route) mō te 2016 i pā ana ki whitu me te hawhe miriona toni he, a ki te haerenga mai o te Icebreaker, whakarato navigation tau-a tawhio noa, ka tupu ia ki runga ki te waru tekau miriona. Kua i te 2024 mau fafauraa transportation ki nui e wha tekau miriona taranata. Ko te utanga matua - te hinu, liquefied hau māori, konganuku, waro. whai wāhi corporations i roto i te maina, me te tukatuka o kohuke, matua hiahia i roto i te ahua o tenei Icebreaker piha haapiiraa. fafau te reira ratou hua nui, pera kia ka haumi.

rauemi Arctic

faarahi te whanaketanga whakaritea o rauemi Arctic i tau ki tau te rere o taonga haere te NSR. hono te tau o te whanaketanga ahumahi te runga ake katoa ki te ako o ngā wāhi hou me te wāhi taonga i roto i ngā rauemi, te tuatahi o te katoa - te hinu, me te hau. Kua tēnei mahi kua haere i runga i mo te wa roa, me te hua ko te Norilsk ahumahi, kola Mining, Nenets me Yamalo-Nenets hinu, me te hau ahumahi, me te maha atu taonga nui haere te ara i te kola ki te Chukotka Peninsula.

Ahakoa tenei ra, te Arctic - ko e waru tekau ōrau o te hau production, kotahi tekau ma tahi ōrau o te hanga hinu, e iwa tekau-rima ōrau o te tangohanga konukoreko me kotahi rau ōrau - apatite. kohuke katoa e hoatu e tatou enei rohe, a tae noa uaua ki te tatau i. Utanga waka i roto i te Arctic te katoa hono ki te kaweake o enei hua, me e maha tekau o mirioni o taranata. E kore Me te reira anake tio-kupu taka, engari ano kaipuke utanga i te nui, me te piha haapiiraa teitei, hei tauira - Arc-7. Me rererua te maha o te tio-ngaru i te iti rawa, no te mea kei te mahi mea katoa inaianei kua rere i roto o te ratonga pūtāhui wā whakamutunga.