IEC 61850: Forums me hua o te paerewa

Ki te whanaketanga o hangarau mamati i roto i te taha kihai i noho me ngā kaiwhakanao taputapu hiko. Ahakoa te aroaro o te whakarōpū te ao o ISO, i roto i Russian i whakawhanakehia ai ona ake IEC 61850 paerewa, te kawenga mō te pūnaha, me te whatunga teihanaroto.

He hītori iti

kore kua Whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko i tohungia nga pūnaha whakahaere whatunga hiko. whakaae te tikanga tenei ra te paerewa IEC 61850 i whakaurua tuatahi i roto i 2003, ahakoa ki te nganatanga te whakauru i runga i tenei kaupapa i hoki i roto i te 60raa o te rau tau whakamutunga pūnaha.

Ko tōna ngako whewhe ki raro ki te whakamahi o ngā kawa motuhake, mana o whatunga hiko. I runga i a ratou i teie nei, a ka meinga te aroturuki i te mahi o tenei momo o whatunga.

Ki te arotahi i mua anake whakahou i te pūnaha rorohiko e whakahaere te mana hiko, me te whakataki o nga ture, paerewa, ngā kawa rite IEC 61850, kua puta ke te āhuatanga. timata te mahi matua o te manuhiri whakarato aroturuki mō te kitenga wā o malfunctions o te pūrere.

IEC 61850 kawa me ona analogues

te kawa ake tino kaha timata ki te whakamahi i roto i waenganui i te 80. Na ka rite ki te putanga whakamātautau tuatahi o te whakarerekē whakamahia IEC 61850-1, IEC 60870-5 putanga 101, 103 me te 104, DNP3 me Modbus, i whakamatauria ki te kia katoa Mäori.

Na i hanga e whanaketanga tuatahi te pūtake o te kawa hou UCA2, i te mea i roto i te waenganui o te 90 Kua oti pai whakamahia i roto i te Western Europe.

He pēhea te tenei mahi

Tahuri ki te take o te mahi, kia whakamārama he aha te kawa IEC 61850, mo te "horoi" (iwi nei taa anake nga taketake o te mahi me te māramatanga o te mau parau tumu o te kōrero ki te rorohiko).

Ko te wāhi kei e i te substation ranei te mana whakato tāuta microprocessor kongakonga e taea tuku raraunga i runga i te mana o te pūnaha katoa tika ki te kāpeka pokapū, e mau ana i roto i te mana taketake.

whakawhiti raraunga, e whai wāhi GOST R IEC 61850 mā te hononga tere tiketike. Pakeke e korero ana, whakaputaina te maramara here ki te LAN tata.

He pūnaha hopu raraunga DAS (Hoko Pūnaha Raraunga) whakamahi i te iti rawa i te whakawhiti moka-64, tahi ki te mahi hātepe whakamunatanga pātengi raraunga.

Ko, rite whakaaturanga mahi, me enei pūnaha e tino whakaraerae. ata tirohia matou kiriata American, ka i roto i te kotahi scene kē atu te supply mana ki te poraka katoa? Ko te reira! Ka taea te tuituia Electricity Mātiti Whakahaere I runga i IEC 61850 i tetahi puna waho (ka huaina i, ka kia matau ai he aha). I roto i te takiwa, kia whakaaro tatou ki nga whakaritenga taketake pūnaha.

Paerewa R IEC 61850: ngā whakaritenga mō ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti

Ki te mua i matau ai e kia hema i te tohu i roto i te whakamahi i te rārangi waea, kua tupeketanga whakaurunga kōrero mua. E taea e ki te whakarato tuku i 64 Mpiah, he tino motuhake o te kaiwhakarato o te ratonga he paerewa maramara tāmau.

Ki te whakaaro tatou te IEC 61850 paerewa mo te "horoi", Ko te tino māmā te whakamārama: whakamahi kaha te maramara he kawa whakawhiti raraunga kamupene, nui atu i te TCP tikanga / paerewa IP. Otiia e kore e katoa te e.

Ko te paerewa iho ko te IEC 61850 raraunga ki hononga haumaru. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te hononga ki te Internet, whatunga ahokore, a na i runga i. E. Hanga he tikanga motuhake. I roto i te tautuhinga, ka rite ki te tikanga, kia whakamahi o te tūmau takawaenga, no te mea he reira taua (ahakoa mariko) ko te haumaru.

Ko te katoa hōkai o te

Ko reira mārama e rite ki nga whakaritenga e hora Paerewa IEC 61850, ki te tāuta taputapu o tenei momo i roto i te wahi tango hiko mua e kore e mahi (kongakonga rorohiko i reira he noa kahore wahi).

Whakahaere i te pūrere taua ano hoki e kore e i te katoa i hiahia ai. Me ia he tuatahi pūnaha tāuru / tāputa BIOS tatau iti, a hoki tauira kōrerorero hāngai tuku raraunga (ahokore, whaiaho, me te hononga kia haumaru. D.).

Otiia i roto i te pokapū o te mana o te mātiti mana whānui rohe ranei, ka taea e te uru e koe tata katoa te mahi o te kaha. Ka rite ki te tauira, ahakoa kahore te pai, ka taea e tatou te whakaiti i te kiriata "Earth matua» (te Core), ka ārai te Hacker te whakangaromanga o to tatou paraneta na te pūtake destabilization hihiri tuku i te "manawapa" kē whakatairanga o te matua o whenua.

Ko he wawata parakore, pea noa te haamauraa mariko o te whakaritenga IEC 61850 (ahakoa e kore te tenei āta kī) tenei. He ahakoa, ara te hae tino tahito IEC 61850 titiro taua ara. Ko te tini o aituā tei nehenehe ia apehia?

Ko te taua kōwae wha o te Chernobyl mana karihi tipu, ki te i whakapumautia ai taputapu tātaritanga e hāngai ki IEC 61850-1 i te iti rawa, pea, e kore i piti. A ka taea e anake tatou kokoti i te hua o te mea i tupu i roto i te 1986.

Radiation - Ko reira taua e mahi huna. I roto i te kore kia marama nga ra wawe, marama tau o tohu o radiation mate ranei, e kore e ki te whakahua i te hawhe-ora o konukarihi me te konuwhiro mo taua i teie mahana, te utu torutoru iwi whakarongo. Ko te tuitui o te taua porotiti Geiger i te tipu te mana i taea e tino whakaiti i te mōrea o te noho i roto i tenei rohe. E te ara i te kawa ano, ka taea ki a koe te whakawhiti i taua raraunga ki te matatini pūmanawa me whai wāhi pūmārō.

Methods o te whakatauira, me te faafariuraa ki ngā tikanga tūturu

Hoki te māramatanga māmā o te āhua o te mahi i te reira, hei tauira, te paerewa IEC 61850-9-2, kia mea ai e kore e taea e tetahi o te waea rino whakatau i te ahunga o te raraunga tuku. Me te repeater tika ahei o te päoho i te raraunga kāwanatanga pūnaha, ka whakamunatia ie.

Kia riro te tohu, rite huri i te reira i roto i, he mea tino ohie. Tena ko tenei kua e kua lau reira, ka decoded e te kaiwhiwhi, ka whai ki te werawera. I roto i te meka tūturu, ki Pūwhiwhi te tohu taumai, hei tauira, i runga i te pūtake o IEC 61850-2 i te hiahia taumata tuatahi ki te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha atahanga pērā i SCADA me P3A.

Ko e hāngai ana i runga i te meka e whakamahi tenei pūnaha he wāhi waea kōrero, kua whakaaro te kawa taketake kuihi me MMS (kore ki te e raruraru ki te karere pūkoro). Tenei faafariuraa hua paerewa IEC 61850-8 whakamahi MMS tuatahi ngā, a ka kuihi, e te mutunga taea hoki whakaatu o ngā hangarau mōhiohio P3A.

Ko te momo matua o te whirihoranga substation

Tetahi substation e whakamahi tenei kawa me whai i te iti rawa i te huinga iti o taputapu mō te tuku raraunga. Tuatahi, mo reira te whakaaro tino tinana hono ki te whatunga. Tuarua, i roto i taua kōwae ia kia kotahi neke atu rānei kōwae arorau.

I roto i tenei take, te pūrere iho Ko te ahei o te raveraa i te mahi o te tari, he kuwaha, ara he ahua o te takawaenga mō ngā mōhiohio tuku ranei. Ratou rite kōpuku arorau i te arotahi kuiti, me te wehea ki nga akomanga e whai ake nei:

• "A" - pūnaha mana aunoa;
• "M" - pūnaha inenga;
• "C" - mana telemetry;
• «G» - kōwae o mahi noa me tautuhinga;
• «Ahau» - whakapumautia tikanga kōrero me ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana raraunga pūranga;
• «L» - kōwae arorau me wāhanga pūnaha;
• «P» - tiaki;
• «R» - e hāngai ana wāhanga tiaki;
• «S» - pūoko;
• «T» - transformers, mita;
• «X» - poraka-pou switchgear;
• «Y» - transformers momo mana;
• «Z» - e kore te mea katoa atu ngā i roto i te kāwai i runga ake.

Kei te whakapono te reira e taea ki te whakarite iti whakamahi i te waea ranei taura, e, o te akoranga, anake i te pānga pai i runga i te noho pai o te whirihoranga o te taputapu te kawa IEC 61850-8-1, hei tauira, ko te. Ko te raruraru matua, pera huri i te reira i roto i, he e kore kaiwhakahaere katoa e taea e ki te tukatuka i te raraunga riro noa i roto i te aroaro o ngā pūmanawa e tika ana. Kei te tumanako te reira e ko te raruraru rangitahi tenei.

pūmanawa tono

Otiia, ara i roto i te āhuatanga o te pōhēhē o te mau parau tumu tinana o tenei momo o ngā hōtaka mahi hae IEC 61850 taea te kawea i roto i roto i tetahi pūnaha whakahaere (ara pūkoro).

Kei te whakapono te reira e e te haamau'araa i te kaimahi whakahaere Integrators ranei nui iti te wā i runga i te tukatuka o raraunga e haere mai ana i te substation. Ko te hoahoanga o taua tono pūmanawa, he kuware te atanga, rite te tukatuka katoa ko anake te whakataki o raraunga paetata ki te tuku aunoa muri o ngā hua.

Ka taea te pēnei te rerekētanga o taua pūnaha pea e te taputapu overbilling P3A (pūnaha e hāngai ana microprocessor-). No reira te eita o tona tono papatipu.

tono mahi

I mua ki tenei, te mua katoa i roto i te pā ana ki te kawa IEC 61850 āwangawanga mōhiohio ariā anake. Pehea e mahi i te reira i roto i te mahi?

Tera pea to tatou he pūnaha toko (substation) ki toru-wāhanga supply te mana me ngā kōkuhunga ine e rua. I roto i te whakatau i te kōwae paerewa arorau whakamahia ingoa MMXU. Ki IEC 61850 taea e rua: MMXU1 me MMXU2. Ka taea e Kei roto hoki ia taua kōpuku mō te tuakiri ngāwari te kuhimua atu.

Ka rite ki te tauira, whakatauira i runga i te pūtake o te kōpuku XCBR. Kei te tāutuhia e ia ki te whakamahi o etahi o nga ngā nui:

• Loc - te whakatau i te wāhi rohe mamao ranei;
• OpCnt - tikanga tatau whakamana (mahi ana) ngā mahi;
• Po - te kaiwhakahaere i roto i te tiaki o te wāhi me ngā tawhā rite ki Loc;
• BlkOpn - maukati te whakatuwhera whakahau o te whakakā;
• BlkCls - whakakā maukati;
• CBOpCap - Aratau mahi kōwhiringa pana.

Taua whakarōpū mō te whakaahua i ngā akomanga o ngā raraunga CDC te nuinga tono i roto i ngā pūnaha 7-3 whakarerekē. Heoi, ara i roto i tenei take, i te whirihoranga e hāngai ana i runga i te whakamahi o te maha ngā āhuatanga (FC - whāititanga mahi, SPS - wae kāwanatanga wāhitaki, SV ko ST - ngā āhuatanga raupapa pūnaha, DC me EX - whakaahuatanga me ngā tawhā whakamāramatanga whānui).

Ki te whakaaro ki te whakamāramatanga me te whakaahuatanga o SPS arorau piha mekameka ngā āhuatanga stVal, te kounga - q, me nga tawhā o te wa o nāianei - t.

Ko te kupu whakamana te panoni te i runga i te hononga Itarangi raraunga hangarau me te kawa TCP / IP tika ki te ahanoa MMS tāupe, e muri anake tāutuhia ki te ingoa i faataahia, e hua i roto i te uara pono o tetahi wāhi i tenei taupū wā.

Haunga, Ko noa he whānui, me te ara tauira waitara te kawa IEC 61850. Ko e hāngai ana i runga i hanga reira whakaahuatanga o te hanganga o tetahi huānga o te pūnaha mana, e taea ai tītipi microprocessor rite tautuhi ia pūrere whai wāhi i roto i tenei rohe, tae atu ki te hunga e whakamahi hangarau pūngao-tiaki.

Ka taea te tahuri hōputu kawa kē ki tetahi momo o raraunga, e hāngai ana i runga i MMS me paerewa o ISO 9506. Ko kaiwhakahaere aha, na, i whiriwhiri o te IEC 61850 paerewa?

Kei te whai pānga te reira i anake ki te tika o nga tawhā me he tukanga ngāwari ki te taumahi o ngā ingoa matatini tauira o ratonga ranei.

he tukanga pērā i waho te kawa wawaotanga MMS he tino mahi-kaha, ara i roto i te hanganga o taua tono "lau-Tuhituhi-tauākī". No, o te akoranga ka taea e hanga e koe he faafariuraa o tenei momo, ara mo UCA architecture. Ko, rite whakaaturanga mahi, ko reira te tono o IEC 61850 taea ki a koe te mahi i tenei, kahore kaha nui, me te utu wā.

Pātai o whakaū raraunga

Heoi, e kore te tenei pūnaha iti ki te tukupoi. I roto i te meka, Ka taea e ngā pūnaha microprocessor tāmau whakawhiti raraunga kore anake i teihana me ngā pūnaha mana pokapū. Ka taea e ratou te hapai i tahi raraunga ki te taputapu tika.

TAUIRA ohie: e tuku te maramara hiko te amperage ngaohiko ranei i roto i te rängai haepapa. Fakatatau ki ai, i tetahi atu-pūnaha iti i runga i te pūtake o te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko e taea taea mono i te atu pūnaha mana supply ranei. hāngai ana tenei katoa kei runga i te ture paerewa o te ahupūngao me te engineering hiko, Heoi, tei reira ki runga ki te nāianei. Hei tauira, to tatou te ngaohiko paerewa o 220 V. I roto i Europe - 230 V.

Ki te titiro koe ki te paearu o ine, i roto i te USSR mua ko +/- 15%, i roto i nga whenua Pākehā whakawhanakehia, ehara i te mea neke atu i te 5%. Ehara i te mea maere e Western taputapu parani tika hemo anake te mea o ongo mana.

A pea e kore e tika ki te mea e maha o tatou mataara i roto i te hanganga marae i roto i te puka o te teihana hiko, hanga i roto i nga ra o te Soviet Union. whakaaro e koe i reira e taea e te huinga kongakonga rorohiko hono te taura ki te whiwhi mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhua o te hiko ranei? Tenei te aha e kore te mea te reira!

Ko te pūnaha hou e hāngai ana i runga i te IEC 61850 tukua paerewa te mana oti o nga tawhā katoa, engari ko reira kitea e kore e taea e te whakatinanatanga whānui o ngā ratonga e tika ana repels reira rite "hoko mana" i roto i te ngā o ngā o te kawa kahu.

Kahore he mea maere i roto i tenei. Kamupene e tohatoha hiko i roto i kiritaki kia ngaro noa hua hua ranei i roto i te mākete.

hei utu putanga

I roto i te whānui, i te kawa i runga i te ringa kotahi, ko te kuware, engari i runga i te tahi atu - Ko te tino uaua. E kore te mea te raruraru ara te meka e ki te rā, kore pūmanawa e tika ana, a e te katoa o te pūnaha mana te mana hiko, riro i te Soviet Union, tenei te kore rite noa. A, ki te tango koe i ki pūkete te tohu iti o te tokotoko, ka te pātai e taea kore e taua tangata he taea ki te whakahaere i te whakakore i te raruraru i roto i te wā ranei. kua rua hanga e matou? Ko te raruraru? De-energizes te tata. Ko te katoa.

Otiia ki te tono o tenei paerewa karo tenei ahua o te āhuatanga, e kore e ki te whakahua katoa o okeoke te hiko.

Ko te kupu, Ka taea e tatou te utu anake kotahi mutunga. E kua te whakamahi o IEC 61850 te kaiwhakamahi mutunga? I roto i te tikanga māmā - ko ore supply mana ki te kore o te kore mana. Kia mōhio ki te kore te te kāpeka rorohiko pona ranei whakaratohia whakamahi o te mana supply ngaohiko ranei regulator uninterruptible, maturuturu taea peke tīmata whakaweto pūnaha tonu ranei. Te pai, ki te hiahia koe ki te whakahoki i te taumata pūmanawa. A, ki te e tahu koutou takai RAM ranei kore te puku mārō, ka aha ki te mahi i?

Tenei, o te akoranga, ko te kaupapa motuhake mō te ako, engari nga paerewa ratou, Kei te whakamahia inaianei i roto i ngā teihana mana ki ōrite "rino" me e taea ki te whakahaere i te tawhā katoa o whatunga tātaritanga pūmanawa, te ārai i te āhuatanga ki te haerenga mai o te rahunga tino e taea hua kore anake i roto i te kino ki taputapu whare engari ki te kore o te waea whare katoa (te mohiotia ai, kua hangaia hoki kaua e nui ake 2 Kw i te ngaohiko paerewa o 220 V). Na reira, i te wa ano, tae atu te pouaka, mīhini horoi ranei kōhua wai mo te wai whakawera, whakaaro he rau nga wa rite nui rite tika.

Ki te whai wāhi te putanga o nga raraunga kawa, ka tono aunoa i te tautuhinga pūnaha. A i roto i te tohu nui ngā āwangawanga triggering reira te taua wiki 16-wae iahiko, e nga noho o nga whare 9-papa te tahi mau taime whakaukia ko to ratou ake, bypassing te mahi, he kawenga hoki tenei. Ko te utu o te take, rite huri i te reira i roto i, he nui teitei, mai taea reira ki te hipa i etahi o nga whāititanga e pā ana ki te paerewa whakahuatia i runga ake, me ona ture tahi.