International hara: ariā me ngā momo

Ko te tikanga ture ao he kahore ariā kotahi o te kino te ao. Heoi, i reira e nui tohu o taua mea i roto i a ratou. mea Various puna he whakamāramatanga taua, rite "He kino te ao ki te tangata, me te ao." He faaauhia maha pūtaiao, me te whakaaro te United Nations Kōmihana enei ngā. kore ki te whakauru i te whakamāramatanga noa, i whakaritea e te reira i roto i tenei whakaaro. mutu Komihana UN e te haamauraa o te rohe whānui o te ariā, tautuhi hara ao, te ariā me ngā momo o ngā mahi pohewatia i te Tūtohinga o te Nuremberg Taraipiunara (Art. 6), kia kawea i roto i roto i te mahi.

Ko te whakamāramatanga whānui o

I tēnei wā, ko te ao, me te tuhinga motu tuku maha ngā whakamāramatanga. I muri i te tātari a ratou, kua tamata tohunga ki te hanga i te whakamāramatanga whānui. International hara taihara tikanga he takahi o ao tikanga ture. Ko tā te reira i whiu takitahi mo te tangata e tukua ai. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te mahi taua i roto i te manakohia o tona mana tino o te marae o tetahi whenua i te mea pai, me te kua te kaha ki te tīmata i te hanga e hāngai ana. Tenei āhuatanga titore nga hara ao i mahi noa o te whakatoi e haere mai ana ki te ako o te mana arii kāwanatanga.

kāwai e pā ana

te āhua ao o te hara whakaturia he takahi o mahi tahi rangimarie i roto i ngā ao o whanaunga: taonga, pāpori-ahurea, ohaoha, me te pera i runga i. He tuukino ki hinonga ture, me tangata o nga whenua ngā peheé mahi. Ka taea te whakapumautia whiu mō hara ao i roto i te whakaaetanga o te ao e hāngai ana. Heoi, me kia whakamanatia e te whenua o te haina taua whakaaetanga. kawea mau mai i hara ki te tika i roto i tenei take i roto i roto i te mana kāwanatanga motuhake. Enei mahi, kia rite ki te tikanga, ngā tāhae, hijacking, tinihanga, hanga, me te tohatoha o taero, me te pera i runga i.

He aha nga tohu i hara ao?

hāngai ana ratou kiripuaki kei i runga i etahi āhuatanga. Tuatahi, me te tuatahi ko te whānui o te tohatoha hōkai. hara International, he hara ki te rongo e hipokina maumaui o e rua tikanga ture whānui me ngā whakaaetanga he halá. kia Rekureihana kore e i roto i te hanganga ture ki te tangata hara kia whakahaua ki te tiaki o ngā uara motuhake. E whakaaro ana ratou e te hapori ao hei nui, me te here iwi katoa me nga whenua katoa. E whakaritea uara Core:

• Te tūtohinga UN.
• Te Whakapuakanga Universal o Tika Tangata.
• Kawenata Pākehā.
• Ngaahi Fuakavá International.
• Geneva Kawenata a pera atu.

Ko te whawhai ki hara ao ko te mahi mo te hapori o te ao katoa.

Ko te momo matua o

Ko te ture e nga momo e whai ake nei o hara ao:

1. Kohuru.
2. Te huaki hōia.
3. Hara ki te tangata.
4. Riri.

kohuru

hipokina ana tēnei whakamāramatanga nga hara ture ao mahia mo te whakaaro o te whakangaromanga o te rōpū matawaka, fakalotu motu ranei. Ko ētahi o ēnei, i roto i ngā, ngā:

1. Killing ngā mema o te hapori.
2. Ārai whakatupuranga.
3. pānga Mental.
4. Whāiti tikanga mō te ora noa.
5. Hei he tinana.

Enei hara ao tohutohu i roto i te Kawenata i te Prevention o kohuru, me te whiu o 1948, te Roma ture o te ICC i 1998

Hara i runga i tangata '

Tenei kāwai ngā te hara te ao e whai ake nei:

• Pōpula.
• Murder.
• Hono.
• Whakatoi i runga i take whakapono, iwi, tōrangapū ranei atu, me te pera atu.

kitea ēnei mahi e i roto i te Roma Ture o te Tiriti o International.

patua hōia

Ēnei ngā taua hara ao:

• Ko pononga ki nga tangata o te rohe nohoia.
• Whakamamae o civilians.
• Ko te kohuru o tangata.
• tutu ki herehere o te whawhai.
• Kohuru o taumau.
• He whakangaro, he pahua o taonga tūmataiti tūmatanui ranei, e kore e whakatikaia ana e te nekeneke hōia.
• Whakangaromanga o nga kainga, ranei pa, a pera atu.

E tohutohu hara peheé taraipiunara i te tūtohinga, te Roma ture, te Kawa atu ki nga Tikanga Geneva.

ture kāinga

Kawenga mō hara te ao tuhia i roto i te ch. 34 o te Code Kirimina. Ko reira whiua i raro i te tuhinga e whai ake nei:

• 354 - mo te karanga tūmatanui mō te pakarutanga o te whawhai.
• 356 - mo te whakamahi o ngā tikanga rāhuitia me te tikanga o te pakanga.
• 357 - mo te kohuru.
• 360 - mo te whawhai i runga i te pūtahi me tangata i raro i te tiaki ao.

Me mea te reira e Tuhinga. 356 o te Code Kirimina ko te tino he paraikete, no te mea kei roto te reira i te tohutoro ki te kawenata te äpiti ki te Russian Federation.

Whakaaetanga o mahi: Ngā

Kua tāutuhia ngā kairangahau he maha o nga hopearaa ture tino nui o te whakarōpū o haurahi rite hara ao:

1. ka Acts o tenei kāwai e whiua, ahakoa o ahakoa whakaratohia reira tetahi whiu mo ratou i roto i te ture kāinga.
2. Ka taea te hāmenetia tūkino International i te marae, i raro i te tahi atu (noa) tūkunga kore e whai i te mana e tika ana. tikanga o tēnei e te kaupapa nei i te whakapae kawenga mō te mahi ratou, e taea te tamata, ka whiua e tetahi whenua, ahakoa o te hononga rohe ki te hara, me te iwi o te pärurenga te hoariri ranei. E kore e mea faufaa te reira, a kahore he riri tika ki te haumarutanga ngā ngākau nuitanga motu o te State ranei. Ko te kupu, kawea te hāmene te tauira, ara, ki te kahore tetahi tikanga mo te mana.
3. faaiti i huaki International ture noa mo te mate o Heads o State me ētahi atu rangatira runga i te hāmene. Tenei te tikanga e te tangata e tukua taua mahi, mahi rite te pā kāwanatanga, he māngai o te kaha. I runga i tenei kaupapa o te wātea i te mate ki te mana taihara metarahi ranei o nga marae mātau o whenua ke, me te kore e hipokina. He okotahi Ko te pene ngā kāwanatanga, māngai takawaenga, te Foreign Minita, ka kia inviolable ki te kau o mahue tona pou.
4. kia kia whakaratohia te marae ki te mana pae tino o te mahi ao mahia i mua tona whakatū. iti tēnei ture te anake ki te wā i reira kua criminalized haurahi i roto i te paerewa ao i te wa o.
5. hara International, i roto i tetahi hui, pērā i kohuru, hara whawhai, fakamamahi'i, mahi ki te tangata, e kore e taea te tono i te tikanga o whāititanga.
6. Acts tangohia murunga i nga mana o te whenua ko nga kaiwhakaari kiia ki kua mahia te mahi, ranei i te rohe o i whakaaro nga haurahi i nei tangata, e kore e herea te marae o ētahi atu āhua me ētahi atu mana mātau.

Maumaui o nga kaupapa i raro i te tiaki

Rārangi o tangata, mahi i roto i te faatura o e kua mohio rite hara ao, tohutohu i roto i te tairururaa hāngai. E ai ki te tuhinga, ki te hinonga i raro i te tiaki ngā:

1. Head o State melo tata'itahi o te tino ā e mahi ana mau ohipa ranei.
2. kaihoko Official atu ranei o te ao whakahaere äpiti, te mau melo o to ratou mau utuafare e ora ki a ratou.
3. Minita Foreign.
4. māngai State atu ranei rangatira i te tika ki te tiaki motuhake.
5. te matenga o te kāwanatanga.
6. tangata ◊oku ◊oatu fakataha, te hinonga i runga, o ratou hapu.

poka

Kei te whakaturia te reira i roto i te faatura o te he i mahia ki te:

1. Drain, whakamate ranei te kore hara o haere noa, me te tuakiri o te kaupapa i raro i te tiaki motuhake.
2. Ko te whakaeke te whakamahi i te tutu ki runga ki te ora, i nga whare e pā ana, te tikanga o te waka o taua tangata.
3. E ngana ana ki te whakaeke.
4. Tuhinga i roto i te whawhai.
5. Expression o te riri ki te tangata i raro i te tiaki motuhake.

I roto i te rerekē ki te pūnaha ture taihara motu, i roto i te ture ao whakarato te whānuitanga o mahi. Aita e hi'oraa e te tumu, i runga i te tangata e mahia he hara. kai Main mo te tiaki motuhake o tangata whakapumautia i roto i te Kawenata. Ko tētahi o ratou i whāngai i roto i te 1994. regulates te reira i te haumaru o kaimahi UN me tangata e pā ana. Te whakamutunga, i roto i ngā, ngā nga kaiuru o ngā mahi rongomau,, kaimahi o ngā rōpū waho i te käwanatanga whakarato āwhina fakaetangatá. E mohio patua i runga i taua hinonga rite hara i raro i te ture taihara motu.

purutia-tango

āhuatanga tēnei hara te rite te mahi kaiwhakatuma mōrearea. I te tīmatanga, i whakarōpūtia te purutia-tango rite te takahi o ngā paerewa whänui ana te whakaaetia i roto i te ao anake i roto i te hono i te take i ki te pakanga patu. Ngā āhuatanga o te hara whakapumautia i roto i te Kawenata o 1979, ki te e i roto i 1987 piri te Soviet Union. Te tuhinga, i roto i ngā, kī e ki te kaupapa e kapo me detains, whakawehi whakamate, kino, ki te mahia e te mahi rite te huru herea mo te tuku tonu ki te pupuri i te reira, ki te hanga States, whakahaere äpiti, tetahi tangata / hinonga ture ranei ranei mahia te reira i hijacking. Ka rite ki te mea whakaaro hoki he hara taua he whakamātau, me te whai wāhi i roto i taua mahi. I roto i tenei take e korero tatou e pā ana ki te huru ao o te hara. I roto i tenei horopaki, Art. 13 o te Kawenata pü e kore e te tuhinga tono ki te wā i reira te ärai o tangata mahia i roto i te rohe o tetahi whenua, kia rite ki te hoariri me te patunga ko ona motu, me te tuatahi kei roto i te State. whakarato ana tēnei tuhipoka he anga mō te ngā i waenganui i āhua i roto i te whawhai ki tenei kino. I te wa ano e kore e te rahui ekore te Kawanatanga o te State ki te whakarato i roto i tona ture ake te whiu mo tetahi mahi o te purutia-tango.

trafficking tarukino

ngā mahi Illegal e pā ana ki te hanga, hoko o taua matū, hoki tekau tau maha te mahi rite te ahanoa o te pānga ture ao. i roto i te ao nei i teie mahana e te Kawenata Single i whakapōauau Drugs ko Psychotropic. ngā ratou he ture ture whanui, whakarato hoki ngā tikanga o te mana i runga i te tohanga o pūhui rāhuitia. I roto i ngā, ngā te whiu mo te tika:

1. Kawemai / kaweake.
2. Storage.
3. Mahinga kai, me te production.
4. Sale / hoko.

Ka rite ki te ture hou i roto i te manakohia o Convention te UN, e regulates te tikanga ki te aro te trafficking puremu o taua pūhui. whāngai tēnei tuhinga i roto i 1988, i whakamanahia te Soviet Union reira i roto i 1989. kī ana te Kawenata e te haepapatanga o te tini puremu, production, rokiroki o matū whakapōauau me te psychotropic mahi rite te kawenga ngātahi o te whenua katoa. Ko te rārangi o mahi e taau hei ofatiraa whakaae o nga tikanga whakaturia i roto i roto i Art. 3. whakarato hoki te ture kāinga mō te taunahatanga mō taua mahi. He te Ture Federal "I whakapōauau Drugs me Matū Psychotropic", tangohia i roto i te 1998 uara Matatini. whakaaetia te reira i anga kaupapa here o te kāwanatanga i roto i te mara o te trafficking tia ore o enei matū, i reira e tohutoro ki mea ao.

hijacking

Kei te whakaahuatia hoki tenei hara i roto i Convention te UN e hāngai ana. kī ana te tuhinga i te mahi o tenei ahua fakamanamanai te haumaru o ngā rawa, me te tangata, hei he nui ki te rangi waka, ee haaparuparu whakawhirinaki tangata 'i roto i te haumaru o ngā rerenga. hoatu āhuatanga hara kei roto i te tuhinga. 1 o te Kawenata. Ka rite ki kiia he mahi ture, tutu, ranei i raro i taua riri ranei te whakamahi i ētahi atu momo o te whakaweti hijacking mana o reira ranei, i hanga e tetahi kaiwhakaari i runga i te poari, noho i roto i te rere. E pā ana hoki tēnei kāwai o hara whakamātau ki te mahi i te me te Tuhinga i roto i reira. whakaaro te rererangi te ki kia noho i roto i rere i te kau o kati te tatau waho i muri i te utanga i te aroaro o te whakatuwheratanga o tetahi o ratou ki te ruke. E pā ana te Kawenata ki te wā i roto i ai te wahi o te taunga tūturu tango-atu kei te ki waho te rēhita rererangi ranei. I roto i tenei take, e kore e mea faufaa te reira, Hanga rere kāinga ao ranei.

E kore e te Kawenata fakangatangata te kāwanatanga ki te whakatū i tona kawenga ake i roto i te ture mo te taua hara. I roto i Russia, whakaritea te pātai o te whiu e whai ake nei. e kore te kawenga whakaritea e te āhuatanga tuhia Kawenata me te e pā ana ki te ngā o whenua. tano te reira ki tetahi take o ärai hijacking ranei. I roto i tenei take, pā te utu ki mahi mahia i roto i te rere kore anake, engari i roto i tona noho i runga i te whenua. kai fakangatangata whakatakotoria iho i roto i te Kawenata e kore e pā te mana motu.

ato'a

I teie mahana, te wehewehe i tetahi atu kāwai - te kino ripeka-rohe. Ka rite ki te tikanga, kėia taua mahi he huaki, tūkino te ngākau nuitanga o ngā rōpū tangata o whenua rerekē ranei. Ko te kino i roto i tenei take toro ki tua atu i te rohe o tetahi kāwanatanga. Kua tata whiwhi tenei huru me te whakarite hara.