John Kenneth Galbraith: Ideas Basic

John Kenneth Galbraith - Canadian (i muri American) ohanga, pononga tivira, takawaenga me te kaitautoko o te liberalism American. kua ana pukapuka bestsellers i te 1950 ki te 2000. Ko tētahi o ratou - "Te Crash nui o 1929". ahu Dzhon Kennet Gelbreyt te rārangi o pai-hoko kaituhi ano i roto i 2008, i muri i te pakarutanga o te raruraru pūtea ao. I roto i te 2010, he tokomaha o nga mahi o te pūtaiao i hoki anō a raro i te ētita o tana tama.

Ko te whakaaro kia rite ki te ohanga Galbraith tino awe whakaaro Trosteyna Veblen ko John Maynard Keynes. Scientist tata tona ora katoa (50 tau) i mahi i University Harvard. Kua oti te tuhituhi e ia e pā ana ki te 50 ngā pukapuka me nga mano o ngā tuhinga i runga i ngā kaupapa. I roto i tona huinga toru tino rongonui o mahi i runga i te ohaoha: "te moni American" (1952), "Ko te Society houkura" (1958), "Ko e New Industrial State" (1967).

Dzhon Kennet Gelbreyt: biography

Future ohanga pai-mohiotia i whanau nei i roto i te hapu o Canadians o uri Kotimana. I ia rua tuahine me kotahi teina. Ko tona papa he tangata ahu whenua, me te whaea kaiako kura - he housewife. mate ia, no te tau 14 anake tau o Galbraith. I roto i te 1931, riro ia he Tohu Paetahi o Agriculture, ka - te Kaiwhakaako o Pūtaiao me te Ph.D. i te parae taua. Mai i 1934 ki te 1939 mahi ia rite te tuarua (ki wehenga) ahorangi i University Harvard i 1939 ki te 1940-th - i Princeton. I te tau 1937 ka e ia he tangata whenua i Amerika, me te karahipi ki a Cambridge. I reira ka mohio ia ki te whakaaro o John Maynard Keynes. timata mahi tōrangapū a Galbraith ki te mahi rite te kaitohutohu i roto i te whakahaere Roosevelt. I te tau 1949 ka whakaritea e ia Ahorangi o ohaoha i University Harvard.

Gelbreyt Dzhon Kenneth, tika Ken (kihai i rite ia koutou ingoa tonu) ranei, ko te kaitōrangapū kaha, tautoko te Democratic Party, a mahi i roto i nga minitatanga o Roosevelt, Truman, Kennedy me Johnson. mahi ano poto rite karere ki India. Kei te maha karangatia e te reira i te ohanga tino rongonui o te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XX.

Ka rite ki te theorist o institutionalism

John Kenneth Galbraith ko he kaitautoko o te determinism technocratic pera-ka karanga. Te mahi i roto i te whakahaere Kennedy, Whakatangi noa ia he wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te hōtaka "New Frontier". I runga i te pūtake o ngā āhuatanga hangarau me te ōhanga o te hanga i roto i ngā pūnaha e rua rerekē: te mākete me ngā mahere. Ko te rōpū tuatahi ngā te milioni o pakihi iti e whakahaere i roto i ngā ahumahi rerekē. tito te pūnaha whakamahere e o mano o corporations nui e hua te nuinga o nga taonga, me ngā ratonga. Tata whakamahi umanga iti, me i neke te wahi nui o nga utu o te mahi nui. Ko te huānga matua o te pūnaha whakamahere Galbraith whakapono te pera-ka karanga "pakeke" kaporeihana. Na roto i tona āhua, me technostructure reira, e hopoi mai tahi kaipūtaiao, Engineers, me tohunga i roto i te mara o te hokohoko me te whanaunga tūmatanui, te ture, āpiha, kaiwhakahaere, kaiwhakahaere, me ētahi atu ngaio, me tokanga'i te tiaki me te whakapakari o te tūranga o te whakahaere i roto i te mākete.

I runga i te ōhanga US

I roto i te 1952 ka timata John Kenneth Galbraith tona huinga toru rongonui. I roto i tona pukapuka "te moni American: te ariā o te kaha countervailing," faaoti ia, e whakahaere te ōhanga e te mahi ngātahi o te mahi nui, i te uniana matua me te kāwanatanga. Na, kia rite ki te kaiputaiao, ko angamaheni o te United States tenei āhua o take e kore ko tonu te take. Ātete kaha huaina e ia nga mahi o ngā rōpū tomokanga ahumahi me ngā uniana. Ki te whārua o 1930-1932. pakihi nui ki te haere noa whanaunga ki te whakahaere i te ōhanga. I roto i tona mahi "te Crash nui o 1929", whakaahua ana ia te maturuturunga iho rongonui i roto i te wahi utu i runga i Wall Street me pehea e āta whati nga mākete i mooni i roto i te kotokoto natulá. I roto i te pukapuka "Te Society houkura", i riro hoki i te bestseller, tohe Galbraith e i roto i te tikanga ki te riro i te āhua angitu i muri i te Pakanga II o te Ao, me te haumi i te Hononga o Amerika i roto i te hanga o rori, me te mātauranga, mā te whakamahi i moni riro i kaiutu. kihai i whakaaro ia he hua o te hanga o taonga tohu o te hauora o te ōhanga me te hapori. Titiro pūtaiao tino awe te kaupapa here o te minitatanga Kennedy me Johnson.

Ko te ariā o te hapori ahumahi hou

I roto i te 1996, i karangatia Galbraith ki te reo irirangi. Ko te hōtaka e ono i ia ki te korero ki a tatou e pā ana ki te hanga o te ōhanga me te pānga o corporations nui i roto i te āhua. Ko te pukapuka "Te New Industrial State John" Kennet Gelbreyt i 1967 tukua e hāngai ana i runga i enei hōtaka. I roto i te reira, whakakitea e ia tona tikanga o te tātari me te tohe te aha whakaaro ia e he pai anake hoki te maha iti o rāngai o te ōhanga US whakataetae tino.

I mirumiru pūtea

oti rawa te mahi a Galbraith ki te whānuitanga o ngā take. I roto i "He hītori poto o te euphoria pūtea," i tuhituhia i roto i te 1994, tūhura ia te putanga o mirumiru natulá mo e rave rahi mau tenetere. whakapono ia e he ratou he hua o te pūnaha mākete noa, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te "hinengaro papatipu" me "whaiaro-te taviniraa moni i roto i te hapa." whakapono Galbraith e "... te ao o te pūtea ki te reinvent te wira ki runga ki a mo ano, maha noa iti pūmau atu te putanga o mua." Ko reira ngā e te ao raruraru o 2008 tau, i miharo nga economists maha, kua whakapumautia tokomaha o ana whakaaro.

tuku iho

Dzhon Kennet Gelbreyt tātari macroeconomic whakaaro hei taputapu atu, kua whakapono ai e nga tauira neoclassical maha e kore e whakaata i te āhuatanga tūturu. e pā ana ariā pūtaiao nui katoa ki te mana o corporations nui i runga i te mākete. whakapono Gebreyt e whakaturia ratou utu, kaua ki te kiritaki. taunaki e ia mana kāwanatanga, te wahi i hiahiatia ai. I roto i "Te Society houkura" tohe Galbraith i whai hua anake i roto i te mua, te nga tikanga o te ariā ohaoha puāwaitanga "tau o te rawakore." takaro ia mo te whakaiti tāwhaiwhai o te kohi o etahi taonga i roto i te pūnaha o te taake. whakaarohia ano Galbraith te hōtaka "Haumi i roto i te iwi".

ariā faaino

John Kenneth Galbraith, nga whakaaro taketake e kua tautuhia nui o te ōhanga US, i ātete ki te tauira māmā neoclassical whakamārama tukanga ōhanga. Nobel Laureate Milton Friedman kua whakamana ki faaino teimaha o te whakaaro kaipūtaiao. tohe ia e whakapono Galbraith i te painga i o te kāhui me te mana paternalistic me whakakahore kiritaki te tika ki te whiriwhiri ohie. kihai i a Paora Krugman whakaaro ia he kaiputaiao. kī ia e tuhi Ken mahi pono-kore e hoatu whakautu taurite ki ngā pātai matatini. whakaaro Krugman Galbraith "tangata pāpāho" me kore te ohanga nui.

Dzhon Kennet Gelbreyt (faahitiraa):

• "Ko ahau hoki te mahi kiko. Ki te mahi te mākete, ka ko ahau hoki reira. Ki te hiahia koe i wawao a te kāwanatanga, te tautoko ano hoki ahau i tenei. Ko ahau rawa tūpato o te hunga e mea nei he hoki hokotanga, me te taonga kāwanatanga ratou. tautoko tonu ahau he aha te mahi i roto i tenei take ngā. "
• "Ko te ako o te moni, i runga i ētahi atu rāngai katoa o te ōhanga, te whakamahi i whīwhiwhi ki ke pono ranei ki te pare i te whākinga, a kahore e hurihia. Ko te tukanga i nei te hanga tahatika moni ko na ohie e te whakaaro noa e kore e kite i te reira. Te āhua e ki te hanganga o te tahi mea faufaa roa e te mea ngaro nui. "
• "E kore te mea Politics te toi o te taea. Ko te kōwhiringa i waenganui i whakamataku, me te kino. "
• "Käore e kore te meka e inaianei ka mau te kaporeihana i runga i te tukanga mana matua."
• "Fâraa i mua i te kōwhiringa i waenganui i te huringa o te whakaaro, me te rapu mō take kore ki te rave i te reira, mutu tata katoa mo te tuarua."