TPP - Ko e reira? Ukrainian TPPs

tito pūngao Ukrainian te o kamupene te mana whakaputa o ngā momo taea katoa - otaota waiariki mana, teihana mana hurihiko, ngā tipu te mana karihi. Kei te kaha te awe te pūmautanga o te momo tuatahi i te tikanga ohaoha o nāianei, te ino e te mea e tika ana ki te kai iti o te waro ki Donbass.

Faaotiraa o TPP

Ko te kupu, TES - he tipu te mana, e te tahuri wae mana tuatahi ki matū pūngao ngingihatia wahie waiwaro (waro, hau, hinu) ki pūngao waiariki o korohū, a ka ki te pūngao pūkaha rotor aia kapohau me generators tukutahinga, a te mutunga ki pūngao hiko operehia i roto i nga kopiko o te stator ki te mātiti mana.

Ka taea e TPP e he taputapu mana nui ki te kaha o te maha mano MW, me nga taonga iti mai i te torutoru rau Kw ki te maha MW.

No te mea o ratou mahi tahi tonu i te parariraa o te pūwaro wahie paheke ki te huru o te rōrahi nui o hau flue, nga TES - ko reira he take poke nui o te taiao. Na reira, ko te mahi o enei kamupene ko nga wa katoa i raro i tirohanga rite te mahi tūmatanui o te mana taiao me te iwi whānui.

whakarōpū TPP

Kei te whakamana i te reira i runga i te kaupapa o te hoahoa o ratou wae mana. He maha ngā momo motuhake.

1. kōhua-mīhini huri hiko otaota waiariki mana - ES ko te taahiraa whakahauanga i roto i te hanga o te korohū. Ko tētahi wāhanga o ratou wae mana he kohua i steam me kapohau korohū. I roto ia ratou he:

• Tōtātanga ES (IES). I roto i te wā Soviet i huaina ratou kāwanatanga te mana ā-rohe (TPP). hua ratou hiko anake.

• wera Whakakotahi me te mana (chp). Ēnei kamupene i, i roto i te rerekē ki te IES, ki te kahore hoki hiko hanga, ake me atu he mahi o te hanga o te mamaoa me te wai wera mō te whakawera.

2. ES Gas mīhini huri hiko. Enei Energoagregat kahore nga kohua i steam, kapohau hau me te mana puku tītaka te haurehu flue wera whakaputaina e tahu wahie (hau māori, diesel wahie).

3. Whakakotahi-huringa waiariki tipu te mana - he he orotahi o chp i nei hua mamaoa e tika ki te wera wäriu o te haurehu flue tukua i te kapohau hau.

4. Diesel Electric.

5. Combined ES.

Ngā āhuatanga General o Energy o Ukraine

E te whenua e wha tipu te mana karihi, te Niniiraa o teihana hurihiko kaha e rima i runga i te Dnieper, Dniester PSP, he maha o ngā teihana mana hurihiko i runga i te awa Transcarpathian, me te pā ana ki e rima tekau TPP me CHPP ngā aravihi - i te 20 MW (Lviv TPP-1) ki runga ki te 3600 MW, i te mea te nui rawa te tipu te mana waiariki - Zaporizhia. He te mana taua ko Uglegorsk TPS, engari he tata ki te raina aroraa i roto i te Donbass reira, a ka mahi wahi-wā.

I roto i Ukraine i te Pūnaha Unified Energy (fakasosialé), e ngā ma wha TPP, ngā tipu te mana karihi wha, e whitu tipu huringa, e toru rokiroki mäminga, me te iwa tekau-whitu chp, teihana mana hurihiko iti, pāmu hau, etc. SES. Āheinga Tāutahia Electric ECO Ukraine he 53.780.000 kWh . I roto i te 2012 i whakaputaina e ratou 198 119 000 000 Kw ∙ h o te hiko.

I roto i tenei whakato mana karihi whakaratohia te i roto i te mana kainga ahakoa o te wa whatunga o ra, ko TPP Ukraine, me ona HPP mahi ki te kaha tāupe, pani tihi awatea.

Ko te kamupene te mana whakaputa matua

production hiko centralized i te UPS o Ukraine kawea ES no ki te kamupene te mana whakaputa whitu. O enei, e wha nga kamupene ki te kaha tāuta katoa o 18.2 miriona Kw - "Kyivenergo", "Dniproenergo", "Zapadenergo" "Vostokenergo" - wāhanga o te Donetsk Fuel me Energy Company (DTEK), e, i roto i tona kamupene pupuri "Pūnaha Capital Whakahaere" whakahaere te oligarch Rinat Akhmetov. kamupene Iti "Donbassenergo" ki te kaha tāuta o 2,855 miriona KW whakahaere te kamupene "Energoinvest Holding" i Donetsk. Heoi, kei raro i te mana kāwanatanga i te toe kamupene e rua. Tenei "Centerenergo" ki te kaha tāutatia o 7,575 miriona watt me Nak "Enerhoatom 'ki te kaha tāutatia o 14, 140 miriona watt.

Raruraru i roto i te Ukrainian TPPs

Ko te raruraru matua ko te whakaiti nui i roto i te supply o waro i te Donbass, me te kore o moni mo tona hoko. waro takarepa Ko te raruraru noa mō ngā rohe katoa me kamupene te mana whakaputa.

timata te reira i Pipiri me he hawhe-kau tonu warehouses chp. Maehe ko Aperira i waro tipu mana waiariki nui haere Ukraine i 750 ki te 850 mano. Tana. Na whakaorangia ake ki timatanga o te wa whakawera, he iti o 3 miriona taranata, a tae noa pai - ki te 4 miriona toni o waro.

Ki te ki tonu warehouses ki te taua puhoi, na ka whakaemi i te hotoke kaua e nui ake 1.3-1.5 miriona taranata o waro. I te rakau kino iho taua o whakamutunga hotoke i matou ki te whakauru i te mahi o okeoke te hiko, a kihai i nga whenua ECO hinga anake te mea o te waro Russian, me te hiko.

Heoi, ko tino mahana whakamutunga hotoke. Ki te ka atu taumaha te matao, a ka noho waro rite timata raruraru iti nui mua me atu tino pānga i runga i tangata me pakihi (e tonu tonu ki te pupuri).

I roto i te raumati o TPP i tatou ki te mahi i te kaha iti kia e tae tona takarepa ECO 3 miriona Kw. E ai ki te wheako o whakamutunga tau, wawe i roto i te hotoke e taea te nui haere te reira ki runga ki te 6 miriona Kw, a ka i raro i te huru e kore ratou e riri hukapapa pakeke.

whanaketanga Tata i roto i te rāngai pūngao o Ukraine

I te mutunga o Mei, i reira nga rua ngā teitei-kōtaha e pā ana ki TPP mutu. Ko te kupu, ko te kamupene "Donbassenergo" mutu Slavyanskaya TPS, me te kamupene kāwanatanga "Centrenergo" - mahi Zmiev TPP i te rohe Kharkiv.

I roto i tenei take, mutu te Slavic TPP whakawakia tona rangatira te āhua Iukereiniana, kihai te kamupene ki te utu mo te hiko tukua. Ko te raruraru e overtones tōrangapū kitea, mai i tetahi o te tipu te mana ngāwhā te kamupene o "Donbassenergo" - Starobeshevskaya - kei roto i te dni. Ko te katoa nama o te kamupene kāwanatanga "Energy", ārahi whakataunga ki energogeneneriruyuschimi me supply pūngao kamupene katoa, i te aroaro o te "Donbassenergo" tenei ra tae e pā ana ki $ 72 miriona i reiti whakawhiti nāianei.

totitoti Zmiev TPP mahi anake no te mea o te kore o te waro, i te mea nui anake hoki kotahi wae. Heoi, ko reira öhanga disadvantageous. Na reira, te tūmanako te teihana ki te whakaora waro mo te rua-toru nga wae.