Karl Haushofer: biography, whakaahua, ariā, mahi nui

papa rongonui, me te kiki o geopolitics Tiamana, ko Karl Haushofer he ahua pokapū o tenei ako hou, mai i töna tïmatanga ōkawa i roto i te 1924 tae noa ki 1945. Tona hononga ki tikanga o Hitler ko te putanga o te aromatawai kotahi-taha, me te wahi hē o tona mahi, a ki te tākaro rātou tūranga. ka kaha tenei āhuatanga i te wā pou-pakanga katoa. Na anake i roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga, kua whakawhanakehia e rave rahi kaituhi i te tirohanga atu whārite, e kore rehabilitating, Heoi, tona pseudoscience ranei.

whanau Karl Haushofer (whakaahua aroaro i roto i te tuhinga) i Akuhata 27, 1869 i roto i Munich i te utuafare kahurangi Bavarian me fakatahai nga taranata pūtaiao, toi, me te auaha. Tona koroua, Max Haushofer (1811-1866), ko he ahorangi o whenua i te Prague Academy o Toi. Tona matua keke, Carl von Haushofer (1839-1895), i muri i nei i huaina e ia, ko he kaipeita, te kaituhi o pepa pūtaiao, Ahorangi o Mineralogy ko Kaiwhakahaere o te University Hangarau o Munich.

Karl Haushofer: biography

ko Carl te tama anake Max (1840-1907) me te Adelheid (1844-1872) Haushofer. Ko tona papa he ahorangi o economics i te whare wānanga kotahi. kihai i taea e te taiao whakaongaonga taua engari pā te Charles, nei i tokomaha tōtu'a.

I puta ia i te kura nui i roto i 1887, i haina ia i roto i te Prince Regent Luitpold o Bavaria wiki. ka Karl tetahi rangatira i roto i 1889, ka titiro i te whawhai kia rite ki te whakamātautau nui rawa o te mana tangata, me te iwi.

tūranga nui takaro e tona faaipoiporaa i roto i August 1896 Mata Mayer-Doss (1877-1946). Volitional wahine tino te mātauranga i te mana nui i runga i nga ora ngaio, me te whaiaro o tana tane. whakatenatena ia ia kia karanga ki te mahi mātauranga, ka awhinatia ia i roto i tona mahi. Ko te take i ko he Hurai tona papa, e waihanga Haushofer raruraru i roto i te rangatiratanga Nasí.

I roto i te 1895-1897 gg. arahina Carl te raupapa o ngā akoranga i roto i te wänanga hōia Bavarian, te wahi whakaako ia hītori hōia hou i roto i 1894. Heoi, tata i muri i te whakaputanga tuatahi o te tātaritanga o te nekeneke hōia, faaino tetahi o ana rangatira, i roto i 1907, i whakawhitia Haushofer ki te toru te wehenga i roto i Landau.

haere

peke Carl i te whai wāhi tuatahi ki te mawhiti i reira, whakaae te tuku o te minita Bavarian o te whawhai o tūranga i roto i Tapone. Te faaearaa i roto i Te Tai Rāwhiti Asia kua riro te take te whakatau i roto i tona geography mahi me geopolitics. Mai Oketopa 19 ki tanguru 18, 1909, haere ia ki tana wahine i roto i Ceylon, Burma, India ko Japan. Here i tonoa Haushofer ki te karere German, a ka i roto i te Division 16 i roto i Kyoto. tutaki rua ia ki Mutsushito emepera, e, rite atu aristocrats rohe, hanga he ongo kaha ki runga ki a ia. Haushofer i Japan hanga he haerenga e toru-wiki ki Korea me Haina. I roto i te Pipiri 1910, ka hoki ia ki a Munich i te rerewē Trans-Siberian. Tenei haerenga kotahi ki te whenua o te Sun Haké me te hui ki te kāhui tauturu i te faataaraa i ana whakaaro Päkehä, me te pae hopea tawhitotia e pā ana ki Japan.

Ko te pukapuka tuatahi

Tino mate i haere, whakaako Haushofer poto i te Bavarian Military Academy, i mua i te tango poroporoaki utu kore i roto i te 1912-1913. faauruhia Maehe ia ki te waihanga i ō rātou pukapuka tuatahi "Dai Nihon. Analysis o te mana hōia Japanese nui i roto i te heke mai "(1913). I roto i te iti iho i te 4 marama o Maehe mangai ki ngā whārangi 400 o kuputuhi. Tenei mahi tahi hua anake ka whakapai ake i roto i te maha o ngā tānga muri.

mahi mātauranga

Ko te taahiraa raima tuatahi ki te mahi mātauranga Haushofer ko te rironga mai o te nui-tau 44-tau i roto i te Aperira 1913 i roto i te University o Munich rite te ākonga täkutatanga raro Ahorangi Erich von Drygalski. I muri i 7 marama, riro ia he toketā i geography, tātai me te hītori, me te tuhinga whakapae tika "te whai wāhitanga German i te whanaketanga o te wāhi matawhenua, me te subyaponskogo o Japan. Tona mana whakaihiihi o te whawhai me te kaupapa here hōia "(1914).

I haukotia tona mahi i te mahi i roto i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi, te nuinga i runga i te Front Western, i oti ia i te ana'iraa o te rangatira wehenga. Tonu i muri i tona hokinga mai ki Munich i Hakihea 1918, ka anga ia mahi i raro i te ārahitanga o mua o te tuhituhinga "te ahunga matua o te whanaketanga o matawhenua Empire o Hapani" (1919), i oti i roto i te 4 marama. tiaki o te kauhau i aru i Hōngongoi 1919 e pā ana ki te moana Japanese uta me te whakaingoatanga i roto i ngā kaiako (i muri i 1921 - i te taitara hōnore) i roto i te matawhenua. I roto i te Oketopa 1919 Karl Haushofer i te tau o 50 tau mutu i roto i te ana'iraa o te nui whānui, me te timata i tona wehenga tuatahi o kauhau i runga i "anthropogeography Asia Te Tai Rāwhiti."

Taunga ki Hess

I roto i te 1919 tutaki Haushofer Rudolf Hess ko Oscar Ritter von Niedermeyer. I roto i te 1920, ka Hess tona ākonga me te ākonga paetahi, ka piri te National pāpori Tiamana Workers 'Party. i herea Rudolph ki Hitilā i roto i Landsberg i muri i te nganatanga tukipoto rahua i roto i 1924. Haushofer tae mai tona ākonga reira 8 wa, me te i runga i te take ka tutaki ki te Führer heke mai. I muri haere mai ki te kaha i roto i 1933, Hess, tuarua o Hitler, ka te kaiwhakaruruhau o geopolitics, tona whakaaro korero me te takawaenga ki te tikanga Nasí.

I roto i te 1919, von Niedermayer - täkutatanga Dryganski, rangatira o te ope Tiamana, me te i muri i te orometua o te pūtaiao hōia i te University o Berlin - ngā Haushofer ki te whanaketanga o te kaupapa here a Germany ki Japan. I roto i te 1921, i whakakikitia e ia ia ki te whakarite i tētahi pūrongo muna i runga i ngā take Te Tai Rāwhiti Āhia mo te Tiamana Tāhuhu o Defence. te hua o tēnei i roto i te whai wāhitanga o Carla i ngaro whiriwhiringa takitoru i waenganui i Germany, Japan, me te USSR i Hakihea 1923, me te tipu āhukahuka i roto i ngā porowhita tōrangapū rite te tohunga Tiamana pai i runga i Japan.

Karl Haushofer Geopolitics

Timata whakaputa ana ngā ariā tohua e te tukunga i roto i 1924 o te pukapuka "Te Geopolitics o te Moananui a Kiwa." I roto i te taua tau, tīmata reira hanga o te hautaka "Geopolitics", ko tona ētita ko Karl Haushofer. Ko te mahi matua e pā ana ki te tūranga o te kaipūtaiao Taitapa (1927), he paraharaha-whakaaro (1931), me ngana ki te whakatū i te turanga o te korero o geopolitics (1932). Ko kua noho tonu te moheni tona taputapu matua.

Ko reira he ahua o te mahi te utuafare, ie. A. tana rua synovitis pupū, Albrecht ko Heinz, rawa te muri, kua whai wāhi o tenei. riro rua he toketā i roto i 1028, ka kaiako i roto i te 1930, ka noho i raro i Hitler pou kāwanatanga tiketike: Albrecht - te Tāhuhu o Foreign Affairs, ko Heinz - te Manatū o Agriculture.

Tae noa 1931 whakaputaina Karl Haushofer "geopolitics" i roto i te mahi tahi ki te geographers taitamariki Germanom Lautenzahom Otto Maullem ko Erich Obst. I roto i tupu niupepa ki te mutunga o nga 1920, kua tāngia e ratou he whakataki whānui ki te pūtaiao o "Wae ka hāpaitia e" (1928). I roto i tenei pukapuka, whakaaro nga kaituhi te geopolitics o pūtaiao tono e hāngai ana ki tōrangapū o nāianei, e whai ana ki te tāutu i ngā tauira o ngā tukanga tōrangapū i roto i to ratou hononga ki te wāhi mō te tuhi matapae tōrangapū. E toru nga tau i muri mai, Heoi, tautohe i runga i te āhua o kia arotake ratou "pūtaiao" hautaka te kaupapa here o nāianei, arahina ki te haerenga o nga ētita teina. Haushofer i anake te ētita i 1932 tae noa ki te mutunga o te tānga i te 1944

tupu Career

I muri ka haere a Hitler ki te mana i roto i Hānuere 1933 ka timata Career Geopolitics me tona tūranga ki te tupu tika ki te hononga tata ki Rudolfom Gessom. I roto i te wa poto kua riro te reira i te maha o mehua ki te whakapai ake i tona mana mātauranga. I te tīmatanga, kua tona habilitation i puta ke ki "Germanism ki waho, rohe korero me te matawhenua." I roto i te Hōngongoi 1933, i te tono o te māngai o Hitler i Bavaria Franz Xavier Ritter von Epp, tetahi Haushofer i te kura, me te ope, ka hoatu e ia te taitara, me mau haamaitairaa, engari e kore e te tūranga, me te utu o te orometua. I roto i te whakarara, tohua ia ngā māngai o te University o Munich me te Bavarian Tāhuhu o Culture mo te pou o Rector o te whare wānanga - te taahiraa tangohia mo te whakaaro o te whakamahi tika ki te ringa matau o Hitler ki te tiaki i te whare o te whawhe Nasí. tohe Carl Hess ki te mutu enei nganatanga. I te tahi atu te ringa, nāna Hess te whakatūnga o te Tari o Paruru mo Haushofer geography geopolitics ranei, engari te Minita Bavarian o Culture whakakahore ia i roto i tenei. Haushofer noho te mema piringa o te mana matawhenua Munich, kua tupu ahakoa tona mana lahi i te kanohi tūmatanui.

ao Tiamana

I roto i te kingitanga o nga kau Nasí, pupuri ia tūranga matua i roto i te whakahaere e toru whai wāhi i roto i te whakatairanga o te ahurea German me nga Tiamana tāwāhi. Te Rōpū Nasí, kihai i tomo ia, no te mea i reira he maha ngā hōtaka me ngā mahi Kāore. I te anga ke, tamata ia ki te tākaro i te tūranga o te takawaenga i waenganui i nga mema o te rōpū, me te rōpū-kore, ahakoa kahore angitu, e tika ana ki te nazification pēhanga tipu me te ranu tōrangapū, me te tara i taea ana i roto i te rōpū, me te kāwanatanga i roto i te tau wawe o te tikanga Nasí.

I 1933 ko Hess i tiaki o ngā take iwi o Germany, hanga ana e ia he Poari o Tiamana matawaka, ka Haushofer tona matenga. i Kaunihera te mana ki te whakahaere kaupapa here ki nga Tiamana iwi ki waho. Haushofer ko te mahi matua o te takawaenga ki a Hess me ētahi atu rōpū Nasí. He papā o te pānga ki te mana rōpū arahina ki te whakakorenga o te Poari i roto i te tau 1936

Hoki i roto i 1933, te Academy mo wehi nazification, tapaea Haushofer ki te tango i te tūranga nui atu. Mema o te Academy i te tau 1925, i pōtitia ia perehitini tuarua i roto i te tau 1933 me te peresideni i roto i te 1934. Ahakoa i mahue Karl te pou no o te pakanga ki te kaiārahi, noho ia hei mema o te kaunihera i roto rite te māngai tūturu o Hess tae noa ki 1941

Te whakahaere nui tuatoru, e hoki etahi wa i haere e te kaiputaiao, ko o te tangata Union mō Tiamana, me te ahurea Tiamana ki waho. I te kaupapa o Hess, ka Haushofer tona tiamana i Hakihea 1938, ka tū i tenei tūranga tae noa ki Hepetema 1942, te tākaro i te tūranga o te figurehead, rite i kotahi ka te uniana motuhake te taputapu whakatö-o nga whakaaro nui o te Tiamana Reich.

Ngaahi Fakakaukau me ariā

te ara Nasí ki te mana o mahue te tohu i runga i te mahi o pūtaiao, ahakoa i roto i te ahua i to roto i te ihirangi. Ko tenei rawa kitea i roto i tona pepa poto "National pāpori whakaaro i roto i te tirohanga ao" (1933), i te mea he raupapa o "New Reich 'Academy i whakarewahia. I roto i tona hapori National i whakaaturia rite te kaupapa te ao o te whakahou motu, ki te auaretanga mokowā ngā o hapori rawakore, ki i kiia te kaituhi Germany, Italy ko Japan. I te tau 1934 i aru ia te whānui whakatipuria "Contemporary World Politics" (1934) - he rongonui whakahanumi whakaaro whakaputaina i mua e tautoko nga parau tumu o te kaupapa here ke Nasí, e tae noa 1938 āhua orua ki nga wawata o Haushofer. I roto i te pukapuka maha i runga i Japan, Central Europe ko International Affairs, tā i muri i 1933, "Moana me te mana ao" (1937) He wāhi motuhake. I piri te reira i ariā ka hāpaitia e o Karl Haushofer, kia rite ki te mea tino nui te mana o te mana moana.

mate Rapid o mana, me te tipu aratau hōhā tohu ana tau i muri mai, geopolitics i muri i tona haerenga i te whare wānanga. I roto i te taua tau i whakama ia, a faaite i te kore o te mana tōrangapū, aukati i te putanga tuarua o te pukapuka "Boundaries" (1927) i muri i te tautohe kāwanatanga Italian e pā ana ki tona tikanga o te matawaka German i Tonga Tyrol. I tua atu, i muri i te raveraa i te mau ohipa o te kaitohutohu i te Conference Munich i Mahuru 1938, i arahina ki te mharahara o te Sudetenland, uru Carl e ki tona tohutohu ki Hitler te whakamanawanui i atu roha mahue tautahi i titauraa o te tonotono mo te whawhai te ao.

ka te ariā o te poraka continental Karla Hauskhofera tetahi o ona ariā tino nui. I hāngai te reira i runga i te kawenata i waenganui Berlin, Moscow ko Tokyo. I whakatinana te kaupapa i August 1939 ki Hakihea 1940, tae noa ki a tanumia ai i roto i Germany te whawhai ki te USSR. Ko te ariā mo te heke mai o te aroraa i waenganui i te moana me superpowers continental.

Karl Haushofer - te kaituhi o te ariā o te poraka raurarahi - arohaehae me te tino kino ki Poland, i hua i roto i tona tautoko tākare o te Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, ki te whakakore i te whenua.

tūtukitanga

Mai te mutunga o 1940, ko Karl Albrecht, tahi ki Hess whakawakia te taea o te rangimarie ki a Ingarangi. mutu te reira ki te rere o Hess ki Scotland May 10, 1941, i reira ngā ia nga tuma, whanau iti ahua ki te mahere mo te rangimarie unu ake e Albrecht. Ka rite ki te hua, ngaro Haushofer i kore anake tona kaitiaki, e ko nui, whakaaro te takenga Hurai o Mata, engari whakaarahia ano hoki whakaaro me te tokanga makehe. I ui Carl e nga pirihimana ngaro, a ka mutu Albrecht mō te 8 wiki. Aru Haushofer tiaki i tūranga katoa nohoia tōrangapū ki noho motuhake whaiaro-utaina i Mahuru 1942 i roto i te Bavarian Manor. mauähara ana āhuatanga i muri i te nganatanga kōhurutanga i runga i Hitler Hōngongoi 20, 1944, pera Albrecht whai wāhi i roto i te kaupapa, i whakaritea ai. Charles whakanohoia hoki 4 wiki i roto i Dachau ko ana tama hopukina i roto i Berlin. I reira i patua Albrecht SS April 23, ora 1945 Heinz te whawhai, a ka he agronomist rongonui, me te kaitiaki o nga pūranga utuafare.

I muri i te whawhai, ui te whakahaere US Haushofer e pā ana ki tona mahi me ngā mahi tōrangapū, engari kihai i kukume ia ki te whai wāhi i roto i te mau tamataraa Nuremberg, rite i uaua tana tūranga ki te whakamatau i te whawhai. I takoha ia ki te hanga i tētahi tuhinga e i mahara ki te whakaora whakatupuranga heke mai i te geopolitics Tiamana. I muri i tuhituhia te mahi poto "Parenga o geopolitics Tiamana" (1946), i roto i nei kore reira whakamārama me te kaiwhakatika ana mahi i te kole fakamolemole mo ratou, 10 i runga i Maehe 1946, tukua Karl Haushofer me tana wahine whakamomori.