Katherine A .: haurongo me te whakaahua

Katherine A. - Empress, ka tetahi o nga whika rongonui o te hītori o Russia XVIII rau. tīmata te reira i te pera-ka karanga tau o te wahine i runga i te torona Russian. Ehara i te mea he tangata o te pai ai tōrangapū kaha tūmatanui ranei pakirehua, engari mahue e tika ana ki ngā āhuatanga whaiaro kua tona tohu i roto i te aamu o te fatherland. te reira e pā ana ki Catherine ahau - rangatira tuatahi, ka wahine o Pita ahau, a muri he rangatira tonu o te āhua Russian.

ngaro tuatahi. tamarikitanga

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te tau wawe o tenei takitahi, ka pohehe mai ki te mutunga e nga mea ngaro, me ta'epau i roto i tona haurongo o neke atu i te kōrero tūturu. Tonu e kore e mohio i tona wahi tangohia o te take mai me te iwi - i muri i neke atu i te 300 tau i muri i tona whanautanga, faihisitōlia taea kore te hoatu i te whakahoki tangohia.

E ai ki te tetahi putanga, whanau Ekaterina A. ko April 5, 1684 i roto i te whānau o Lithuanian (a pea Latvian) kaiahuwhenua i te takiwā o Ķegums, i i kei roto i te rohe hītori Widzew. Na ka ko wahi o te tino kaha o te kāwanatanga Swedish enei rohe.

Ko tētahi atu putanga ona pakiaka Estonian fokotuu. parau te reira i te aamu e mahara i whanau ia i roto i huaina te pa hou o Tartu te i te mutunga o te rau tau XVII Dorpat. Otiia kī hoki e kore i whai ia whanau tiketike, a ka haere mai ki waho i te roto o te koraha.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, i reira he tetahi putanga. ko te papa o Catherine Samuel Skavronsky, i mahi rite Kazimierz Yanu Sapegi. Kia rere ia ki a Livonia, noho ia i roto i te rohe o Marienburg, i reira tīmata te whānau.

He he kotahi atu mita. Katherine A. - rangatira Russian - kihai i whai i te ingoa taua i raro i haere ki raro i roto i te hītori. Tona ingoa tūturu - Skavronskaya, ko Mata, ko te tamahine a Hamuera. Ko te wahine horihori ki te taua ingoa noho te torona, na ka ia he "raraunga uruwhenua" hou a riro Mihaylova Ekaterina Alekseevna.

Ko te mea ngaro o te tuarua. apîraa

I roto i Europe, i roto i aua tau wawe i reira tonu he whiu kino. A tona whānau kihai tenei ati i taea te karohia. Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i te tau o te whanau o Mata i "Black mate" patua ona matua. He ko anake toku matua keke, ko wai i taea ki te amo i te mau hopoi'a o te matua, na hoatu ana e ahau te kotiro ki te hapu o Ernst Gluck, nei ko te mahi hepara Lutheran. E te ara, te ia translation rongonui o te Bibilia ki te reo Latvian. I 1700 i timata te Pakanga Northern, te ope matua hoariri i Sweden ko Russia. I roto i te 1702, te whakaekenga a te ope Russian te pa kē Marienburg. I muri i tonoa e Ernst Gluck Marta ki Moscow rite te herehere. I muri i te tahi mau wa, i raro i te wahi tango minita noho Fagetsiya i roto i tona whare, i roto i te Quarter Tiamana. Ano Maehe - Catherine A. heke mai - e kore te whakaako ki te pānui i me te tuhituhi, ka ko i roto i te whare kia rite ki te kotiro.

Ko te putanga i roto i roto i Brockhaus me Efron homai ētahi atu mōhiohio, i runga i nei kihai tona whaea i mate o te whiu, engari ngaro tana tane. Uitou, ka takoha ia ki te hoatu i tana tamahine i roto i te hapu o te taua Gluck. Na ta tenei putanga e ako ia ki te pānui i me te tuhituhi, me te ngā mahi toi.

He toru putanga, i roto i te utuafare o Gluck haere mai ia ki runga ki te taenga 12 tau o te tau. I mua i ora ai Maehe Veselovskaya ki Anne-Marie, tona whaea keke. I 17 I marenatia ia i te tōnapi Ioganna posvuda te aroaro o te whakaekenga o nga hoia Russian i runga i te pa Marienburg. I muri 1 ranei 2 ra i ia ki te mahi i roto i te whawhai, te wahi i ngaro ai ia.

Enei mea ngaro o te whanautanga, me te tīmatanga o tau taumarumaru tona tuakiri Catherine A .. Biography kore e whiwhi i te reira ki te 100% mārama i tenei pūwāhi i runga i, ka puta tonu te reira rerekē momo o wahi ma.

Field Marshal Sheremetev i roto i te ora o Catherine

arahina hōia Russian i te timatanga o te Northern War nui i roto i Livonia Sheremetev. whakahaere ia ki te hopu i te pa matua Marienburg, i muri i oho te ope matua o te Swedes runga. Ikuna o te mata kitea o te taonga nanakia. korerotia e ia ki te Russian Tsar i te ara e whai ake nei: "... tonoa i roto i ngā tohutohu katoa ki te tahu me te hopu, te katoa i reira he mea e toe ana ki te tangata, me te wahine riro herehere, i pakaru katoa me te tahunga Tangohia hoiho mahi, me te tahi atu kararehe i roto i te nui o te 20 000, te toenga tapatapahi, ka werowero .. ".

I roto i te pa, riro Field Marshal 400 iwi. ka haere mai tētahi tono mo o te noho te whakarau ki te minita Sheremetev Ernst Gluck, a konei ko reira (Sheremetev) kite Catherine A., nei i reira te ingoa Marta posvuda. tonoa e te Marshal koroheke noho katoa a Gluck i Moscow, ka mau Maehe taua ope he rangatira. A marama torutoru i muri i ia tona wahine iti, a ka i roto i te mahana o te whawhai ka mau a Menshikov tana Mata mai hono tona ora kei te ki te rangatira hōia, me te tōrangapū hou, he hoa tata o Pita.

Putanga e Pita Genri Bryusa

I roto i te whakahere atu pai mō te Catherine kua whakaahuatia ia i roto i ona tohinoa te ngā Scot Bruce. E ai ki a ia, i muri i te hopu o Marienburg Mata ka mau a Baur - Kanara Dragoons, a i roto i te whānui o te heke mai.

Whakatakoto i te reira i te fare, whakaakona Baur ia ki te mahi i fare. i ia he tika ki kaimahi te tikanga. He aha ai ia tino ā, rite ki te hua roaa te aroha me te whakaute o ana kaiwhakahaere. I muri mai haamana'o Tianara e tona whare i mua i te reira e kore na tau, me te whakapaipai, pera i roto i Maehe. Kia Prince Menshikov, a Baur tonu pai, i roto i tona haerenga, i roto i nei kite te kotiro ko ia Catherine A .. kihai i Photos i roto i aua tau e tīariari ano ki te hopu ia, engari tuhu Menshikov ia rerekē ngā āhuatanga kanohi me mannerisms. riro ia hiahia i roto i Maehe, a ui e pā ana ki reira i te Baur. I roto i ngā, ki te mohio ia me pehea ki te tunu me te pupuri whare. riro ia te hoê pahonoraa papû. Na ka mea a Prince Menshikov e he tino pai, kahore mātakitaki tona whare, a me te reira i roto i te wahine, ano to tatou wahine pūrotu.

i kaha herea Baur ki te rangatira, a i muri i enei kupu, ka karanga a Mata, ka mea ki a ia Menshikov - tona rangatira hou. fakapapau'i ia te rangatira e ka waiho ia hei tautoko pai ki a ia i roto i te whare, me te tahi atu, ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki i runga. I tua atu, i te tino whakaaro Mata Baur, ki te ārai i ona "kaha ki te whiwhi i te wahi o te honore, me te waimarie pai." Mai taua wa, ka haere Catherine ahau Alekseevna ki te ora i roto i te whare o Prince Menshikov. Ko 1703.

Ko te hui tuatahi ki Catherine Pita

I roto i tetahi o ana toronga auau ki Menshikov Tsar Pita ahau tutaki, a ka tahuri ki tona rangatira, Mata. mahue te reira i te iteraa papû i tuhituhia o ratou hui tuatahi.

noho Menshikov i St Petersburg (ka - Nienschanz). haere a Pita ki a Livonia, engari hiahia ki te noho ki tona hoa Menshikov. kite tuatahi i taua po ano e ia tona e matenui nei. ka ia Catherine A. - he wahine (i roto i te heke mai) Petra Velikogo. Taua po tatari ia ki runga ki te tepu. ka mea te kingi ki te Menshikov, e te mea ia, pehea me te wahi i taea e ia te hoko i te reira. Na ka titiro te roa, me te pakeke Pita i Catherine i roto i te mea faifai hauti mea kua kawea mai e ia ki a ia he rama i mua i te haere ki te moe. Heoi, ko te kata e te tikanga, e kore i taea e kore nei e pai ki tenei. pau tahi taua po ratou. mahue Pita te ata, i te mauruuru, i mahue ia ia 1 Ducat, tütü ki maka ana ringa tona o Mata i pekanga.

Ko te reira i te hui tuatahi ki te kingi, he kotiro pononga nei i faataahia ki riro i te Empress. ko te tino nui tenei hui, no te mea ki te kore i tupu ai, e Pita e kore kua matau e pā ana ki te oraraa o te taua kotiro rerekē.

I roto i te 1710, i runga i te take o te wikitoria i roto i te pakanga o Poltava whakamanamana haerenga i whakaritea i roto i Moscow. Na roto i te rohe, puritia ope Swedish whakaraua. Rauemi mea e i roto ia ratou, ko te tane o Catherine Iogann posvuda. ka mea ia e te kotiro e homai whanau ki tetahi tamaiti i muri i tetahi kingi, ko tana wahine. Ko te hua o enei kupu ka tona whakaraua i Siberia, te wahi mate ia i roto i 1721.

Rangatira Petra Velikogo

Te tau e whai ake nei, i muri i te hui tuatahi ki te kingi o Catherine ahau Alekseevna tona tamaiti tuatahi, i huaina nei Pita, he tau i muri mai a ia he tamaiti tuarua - Paora. hohoro mate ratou. Te kingi ka karanga ia Marta Vasilevskaya, pea na tona whānau whaea keke. I roto i te 1705 faaoti ia ki te tango ia ia ki a ia, ka hoatu i roto i te whare o tona tuahine Natalie i roto i te Faahuru-. Maehe reira ako ki te pānui i me te tuhituhi Russian, me hoa ki te whānau Menshikov.

I roto i te 1707 1708 ranei tahuri Maehe Skavronskaya ki he 'Ofotokisií. I muri i te iriiringa, riro ia he ingoa hou - Ekaterina Alekseevna Mihaylova. ingoa waenganui riro ia i te ingoa o tona matua wairua, whakamatauria nei ki Tsarevich Aleksey, i homai te ingoa e Pita, hoki ki reira noho incognito.

Ko te wahine o Petra Velikogo

Catherine Ko te wahine e arohaina o Pita, ko reira te aroha o tona ora. Ae, i ia he maha nui o pukapuka me whanoke, engari i aroha ia tetahi anake tangata - ia Mata. i kite ia i te reira. Pita ahau, kia rite ki matau koutou i nga pukapuka o to'utangata, tukua pāhoahoa nui. No tetahi atu e nehenehe e rave ki a ratou. Catherine A. Ko tana "analgesic". A, no te tīmata te kingi tetahi whakaeke, ka noho ia i muri ki a ia, ka awhi ia ia, ka mirimiri tona matenga hoki i te meneti torutoru, moe ia nūpepa. Ki runga ki oho, ua ia hou, koa, rite hoki ngā wero hou.

I roto i te puna o 1711, tīmata i roto i te pakanga Prut, huihui tata i roto i te Faahuru-Pita, kawea ratou i te aroaro o tona i whiriwhiri tetahi, ka mea e Me whakaaro te wahine tika, me te Kuini katoa i nei i runga i te reira. Ano, ka mea ia, ki te mate ia i te aroaro o ia i taea e marena, ka kia katoa kia whakaaro reira te kainga tika ki te torona Russian.

ka mau te marena wahi anake i roto i te 1712, February 19, i roto i te hahi Isaakiya Dalmatskogo. Mai taua taime ra Katherine A. - wahine o Pita. I kaha piri te tokorua ki tetahi ki tetahi, rawa Pita. hiahia ia kia kite i te reira mau vahi atoa: te heketanga o te kaipuke, arotake hōia, nga hararei.

Tamariki o Pita ko Catherine

Katerinushka rite te kingi ka karanga ia, a ka whanau ki te 10 tamariki Heoi, Pita, mate te nuinga o ratou i roto i te aruaruraa (kite. Ripanga).

tokorua o ana tamahine anake hono te hītori tōrangapū atu o te whare Romanov. tamahine a Catherine Elizabeth Alekseevna kingi te whenua mo runga i te 20 tau, me nga uri o Anna kingi Russia i 1762 ki te hinga o te arikitanga i roto i 1917.

Pikitanga ki te torona

Ka rite ki matau koutou, ka mahara a Pita te rite te kingi-reforomatio. Ki te pā ki te tukanga tauatanga, e kore ia i te karo i te pātai. I roto i 1722 i roto i tenei rohe kawea i roto i whakahou i runga i nei e kore te kainga ki te torona i riro te tuatahi i roto i te uri rārangi toa, me te tetahi e whakaritea kawana mahi. Ka rite ki te hua, i taea e te kawana kia tetahi kaupapa.

Whiringa 15, tukuna 1723 Pita te Faaiteraa i runga i te karauna Catherine. ka mau te koroneihana rawa wahi Mei 7, 1724.

Ko te wiki whakamutunga o tona ora, ko e mate ana Pita kaha. A, no te kitenga o Catherine e kore e ora ia i te mate, ka karanga Prince Menshikov ka Tatauria Tolositoi ki te meka e kua mahi ratou ki te kukume i te hunga i roto i te mana i runga i tona taha, pera kahore i Pita i mahue te pai ai.

January 28, 1725 ki te tautoko o te Guard me te nuinga o nga rangatira Catherine i kauwhautia Empress, te kainga Petra Velikogo.

Velikaya Ekaterina Alekseevna ki te torona Russian

mana emepaea Russian i roto i te kingitanga o Catherine kihai i Ngātuere,. I tata te mana i roto i nga ringa o te Piriwi Kaunihera, engari tohe e he te katoa te kaumatua, i i raro Catherine whakaingoatia te nui te kaumatua. tukuna te mana Unlimited i ki Prince Menshikov, te tetahi e mau a Mata Skavronskaya te Tatau Sheremetev.

Catherine A. - Empress kahore fetu'utaki mo e kakaí. kihai i ia hiahia i roto i te āhua, whakatakoto i te manukanuka katoa i roto i te Menshikov, Tolstoy, ka hanga i roto i 1726 te Piriwi Kaunihera. Ko te moni i ia ki te kaupapa here ke anake, a rawa ki te kaipuke, i tuku ki a ia i tana tane. Kaumatua i runga i te tau kua ngaro tona mana i. tuhinga katoa whakawhanakehia e te Piriwi Kaunihera, me te Empress ko he mahi ohie o ratou waitohu.

Roa tau o te kingitanga o Pita ahau kua i roto i te pakanga tamau te pari katoa whakatakotoria, te pikaunga o nei i runga i te pokohiwi o te iwi noa. Ko reira i tenei ngenge. I i te wa taua he kotinga kino i roto i te ahuwhenua, ki te utu o te taro ara. hanga te whenua, kua he āhuatanga kukū. I roto i te tikanga ki te hopoia take reira, tuku iho Catherine takoha i 74 ki te 70 hēneti. Fanauhia March Skavronskaya, kāore, kihai i rerekē i ratou āhuatanga reformist, i homai tona i'oa - 2 Catherine A., a ka iti tona mahi tūmatanui ki te wā iti. Ahakoa tanumia te whenua kei roto i te whānako me te arbitrariness runga i te whenua.

mātauranga rawakore me te whai wāhitanga-kore i roto i te fetu'utaki mo e kakaí otiia e kore tangohia o te aroha o tona iwi - kua tanumia ia i roto i reira. hihiko Ua tauturu pouri Catherine me tika te iwi tono mo te awhina, hiahia ētahi atu ki te kite i tona whaea wairua. Ka rite ki te tikanga, e kore ia kihai a hoatu te godson i muri i te torutoru ducats.

ko 1 Ekaterina Alekseevna i te mana mō ngā tau e rua anake - i 1725 tae noa ki 1727 th. I roto i tenei wa, ka uakina e reira te Academy o Pūtaiao, whakaritea, ka whakaputaina e te ope o Bering, rite pai rite te Order o St. Aleksandra whakaurua Nevskogo.

Ko te mate o

I muri i te matenga o Pita, ka anga te ora a Catherine ki te miro: ke ana, pōro, hakari, nui takahi tona hauora. I roto i te April 1727, te 10, hinga kino te Empress, nui haere mare, whakakitea tohu o te kino pūkahukahu. Ko Catherine ahau te mate i te mea o te wā. Ora i te reira iti iho i te i te marama.

Mei 6, 1727, i roto i te ahiahi, i te 9 haora, ka mate Catherine. ko ia 43 tau. I mua i tuhituhia mate tona kawenata e kore i taea e te Empress haina, na reira ko te hainatanga o tona tamahine Erihapeti. E ai ki te pai ai o te torona ko ia ki te tango i a Pita A., tama a te emepera Pita I.

a Catherine A. ko Pita e ahau he rua pai. tautoko ratou ia atu o mo'uí. mahi oi'oi Catherine, reassuringly ki a ia, a Pita, i tahuri, akiakina ana tona pūngao ā-. I muri i tona matenga, Catherine te toe wa pau i roto i kātoanga me pāngia inu. Tokomaha hoki nga kaiwhakapae kī e ia tika hiahia ki te wareware, etahi korero o tona natura ngutu. I roto i tetahi take, i aroha te iwi ia, nga tangata mohio ia me pehea ki te whakarite ia ratou me te Empress noho kahore te mana tūturu i roto i o ratou ringa. 1 Ekaterina Alekseevna timata te wā o te kingitanga o nga wahine i roto i te Russian Empire, i noho i te faatere noa i te mutunga o te rau tau XVIII, me wā poto o te maha nga tau.