Kauhanga arā raro. Metropolitan o Moscow

Classic raro kauhanga i Moscow i hanga i waho he mahere ngā kahore whakamahere whanaketanga atu o rori. Kua arahina tenei ki te tetahi te hepohepo i roto i te hanga o te pūnaha ikiiki, e te mea i reira ki tenei ra. Tēnei wā faaterehia e te ture noa, kia rite ki te tuhinga Katikati 32-02-2003.

hanga te reira i te pūnaha ikiiki raro?

Ko te kauhanga arā raro tuatahi, i whakaritea e te reira ki te tīmata whare i roto i te tau 1931. Waihanga kaupapa i runga i te pūtake o ngā raraunga arowhenua. i whiriwhiria Materials mo te whare i te wa i raima, e kua noho ake mai.

keria arā raro kauhanga i roto i te tau, e pā ana ki 2 miriona mita pūtoru tukuna mo te hanganga o ngahaú roa. pau Mō 88 mano taranata o te whakarewa i runga i te faaineine rori, me te whakapakari i o ruma. roto i te whare tuatahi he hanganga rakau, me te rite rawa ki te rauemi mātao nui.

Arā raro kauhanga whakamatauria kaupapa utu nui, ka mau te reira hau atu i te 800 miriona moni. Whakapakaritia haurangi raima i muri whakakapi e paru, engari i te wa ki te whakamahi i kaha te putanga tuatahi o te whare. haurangi kuiti i whakakaha ngongo rino, o ngā rauemi wuru tīpakohia rauemi tuanui, uku, mauherea uku.

rapu peheé tauira tupato, me te auau tiaki, i te mea iti e kore utu nui i muri i whakarewa o te ahanoa. Metropolitan o Moscow mau te i runga i nga tau, ka hiahiatia anō, i rite nei ki te utu o te mahia te kauhanga raro hou. Na reira, kaupapa hou i roto i kē kōwhiringa mō te ora i roto i te tahi tau ahuru matahiti, me whai wāhi te ao hou, o ngā whare.

Materials mo te arā raro wawe

kawea Tunnel hanga i roto i whakapakaritia papa raima, ki nei nga papa waho o kirikiri, hanganga oneone. tuanui tairanga whakarato kaha nui, me te tika o ngā hanganga. I roto i te tuwhera ngā wāhi o te ara raro whakamana tuanui flat. Homai te kore o te ara kawenga whenua whakamana i roto i te ahua tapawhā.

tonu tonu Tunnel. Kei te tipu haere Moscow, ka nui haere ngā whakaritenga mō te pāhihi transportation. kore kua mua hanga Materials pupuri i tere nāianei, me te kaha o te kaupapa o te waka. Ko te āhua porohita o huna ora taua tonu ki tenei ra. Ko ohie a ake pono taea te taratahi i te wai e rere i runga te upoko o tangata i roto i te haerenga i runga i te arā raro tenei hanganga.

He maha ngā taumata o whakapanga raro Metropolitan o Moscow. Ko te tika tenei i roto i te tikanga ki te karo rārangi whakawhiti. Ko te hanganga ano Kei te pāhihi tika Kuranoho rohe me te haere huna. E hono e ngā whakawhitinga e whakahaere kaupapa i runga i tawhiti roa i roto i te ara matatini manga katoa.

Ko te arā raro pūrere

Kei te pewa-āhua teihana arā raro Subways haurangi huna rite. i rite rawa hea ki te atamira mō te tau me te tau ana o pāhihi, whakapumautia tautoko tīwae. Te reira i kawea ano i runga i te tikanga wahi arcuate.

tamata tatou ki te waiho i te tūāpapa i waenganui i nga ara ki te whakahaere i te whakaekenga kaipuke me mahutatanga o pāhihi. Heoi, E tonu etahi teihana tüäpapa taha, taua āwangawanga Station "Comintern". I tahaki, te tüäpapa maha kei wāhi tari, i te iti rawa tukua ta ratou i roto i te wahi pere, te wahi i reira ko te taumata hohonu o whakapanga nga ara.

Subway e huna ana mutu manga mutunga mate, kei hea e whakawhanakehia tito mo te kaupapa i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga. He hoki whakakapinga o hē tāke ero ki rokiroki waka. I runga i etahi ara e hanga deadlocks i roto i nga tereina waenganui-tawhiti. E wātea ana i te teihana "Komsomolskaya" enei ara o nāianei, kua tū te reira i roto i te pokapū o te tāone. Ko te tika tenei mehua ki te whakarite i te kaupapa ake kaha o tereina.

āhuatanga

e kore te arā raro raro whakatakotoria he maha o ngā taumata, e āwhina ki te whakarite i te pūnaha ararere whai hua. He Teihana roto tawhiti haere o ia atu. rerekē tōna hohonu i roto i te rohe e whai ake nei:

• huna hohonu - rahi tātai i te taumata huarahi pūhara mata me te sostalyaet i 16 ki te 35 mita.
• E whakatakotoria e huna ana Mata i te hohonu o 7 ki te 9 mita.
• E whakaritea e huna ana hohonu toharite i te taumata i waenganui i te 9 me te 16 mita.

Ko te roa o te teihana whakaritea, hangaia hoki 8 waka. pae te whanui i te 10 ki te 21 mita, i runga i te hōhonu o te huna rānei. rite rawa ia ruma e ki te rama ohotata i runga i te ohorere. Norma taua rama i teihana whakaritea rite ki te kara, e tohu ana i te titauraa o te 100 lux.

Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā teihana rerekē i 500 ki te 1400 mita. E huna ana ki whakaara, tuku ki rite escalators, kua tahuri i te koki o 30 nekehanga ki te whakapae. Whakawera e whakaratohia e huna hau Tīpae ki teihana pera tutakina te taea o te meangiti huarahi.

ruma whakapaipai

no ētahi teihana ki te kainga tupu hoahoanga. Ia o ratou kua ona ake ara motuhake. Hei whakaoti rauemi whakamahia i mua pērā i ofa'i me te mapere. Tauira mata tonu tīwae, taiepa, haurangi. I marama e huaki rama nui.

e huna ana Railway He ara waypoint rite ki te lēlué. Ki te hiahiatia, ka taea e te motokā tikanga whai humarie nga manga raro. maha Inaki ara arā raro New ki ngā w / e ara, hanga reira ngāwari ki te whakahou i te arā raro me te whakatuwheratanga o manga hou.

Rama o huna huri noa te karaka. Hei whakakore rahunga kïia rama he tāuta tohu whero me te matomato te i runga i te arā raro. e kore e taea e arai atekōkiri marama hinga. E whakarato ana pūnaha maukati-aunoa ina e whakahohea tō takitahi hīrau i te frein i runga i te hua hariata motuhake.

aunoatanga

Transport kauhanga Ko te hanganga matatini, rite rawa ki te pūnaha whakaritenga, huarahi paruru e whakahaere whakaaro. I te mata o te rārangi supply rerenga totoro ki ngaohiko DC tiketike o 825 volts. Hua i te uara e hiahiatia ana o te motuhake iti-teihana, kei raro hohonu.

Ko te hariata ārahi 4 rite rawa te ki te pūkaha 150 Kw. Ko te frein o ia waka rere i runga i pneumatics ki puku hiko. whakarato pūnaha Aunoatanga waka tereina noa ki te tāruarua wā o 1.75 meneti. tata Tere o ia tereina ko te tere toharite o te 40 kiromita ia haora. taea te mōrahi mō ia motokā 75 km ia haora. Ka taea e tereina Modern whai nui tere, engari titau te reira ki te hanga raina haere hou.

Kōwhiringa mō te huarahi ki te whakahou

Hei whakawhānui i te kaha whakahaere o huna rapu te tirotiro tamau, me te oti i te roto. Kei te whai wāhi te reira i roto i ngā rōpū Kaituku ki wheako whānui i roto i te whakahaere taua mahi. Hoki tenei, te whakapakari o ruma me huna e mau ana wahi.

Te whakapai ake i te wai ātete o te turanga, me te oti i ngā rauemi. Tangohanga o makuku putu i roto i te rakau noa. Te huri i nga āhuatanga o te oneone pātata. Whakakapinga o ngā wāhanga tawhito o te raima whakapakaritia. Hoki tenei whakaaro i te werohanga o rongoā ki te kōhao i hanga, nga rauemi wuru hōu, me paninga makuku-tohu.

mana kāwanatanga

Kia kore ai aituā kei te aroturuki tonu komiti e taea wā kitea feāvaaki i roto i nga ruma, kapiti i roto i ngā wāhanga kawenga-amo o te taiepa, me te turanga. whanaketanga Tata tautuhi Instrumentation awhina te tukanga tuatahi iti i roto i te raima, wahi whakarewa.

Hoki haurangi E tapahia ana he mea nui ki te mutu te tango o te oneone hipoki te taiepa pā i waho. Hei whakakore i te pānga kino o te tikanga i werohia whānui whakamahia. Kei te patia matotoru hanganga wai ki te wāhi i hanga, te huri i te āhuatanga o te oneone. Wä, kawea nga papa i roto o te tukatuka matū vlagozaderzhivayuschimi.