Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928). Ko te whakatamarikitanga o te Kellogg-Briand Pact

I roto i August 1928 i roto i te pane o France i tangohia e te Kellogg-Briand Pact, i roto i nei whenua ona hoa ka tango ki runga ki a ratou ano i te titauraa e kore ki te whawhai ki tetahi ki tetahi. Ahakoa te meka i te kirimana ko e me nui i reira he pūāhua ōkawa, ia te nuinga wāhi ki te whanaketanga o ngā tika he halá.

Te āhuatanga tōrangapū

tū whanaunga International i roto i te 1920 o te rau tau whakamutunga i runga i rua ariā rawa tautohetia. I hāngai te tuatahi o enei i runga i te tohatoha me te whakatairanga o ngā whakaaro tāngata. I muri i te otinga o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, i roto i nei kua tono he maha o innovations i te parae o patu whakamate, whakapuakina ia o nga whenua o te tetahi wikitoria i tetahi nuitia e i teie nei i runga i te tukua ia ki te ao anake, a whakanohoia mua whakaaro i runga i te hiahia mō te tupe.

Ko te ariā tuarua ko te ritenga o te tuatahi. A paraparau o te ao, tonu te kaiārahi o enei whenua ki te whakaemi patu. I te wa ano tamata ratou ki te riria te iwi whānui e te mahi mea katoa anake i roto i te tikanga ki te mau i te taurangi o te haumaru. tohu ratou i roto i tāwhai pea e kore anake, engari ano hoki e pai ki te maungārongo ki a ratou hoa.

Ko te ariā o te haumaru ngā

Tangohia i mua i te pūnaha Versailles-Washington o whanaunga i waenganui i nga whenua e rua whakapumautia he rerekëtanga e pā ana i te tohatoha o patu, a atu whiriwhiringa i runga i tenei take anake aggravates reira. Otiia i roto i te 1925, kua taea ki te haina i te Kawa Geneva rāhui te whakamahi o patu bacteriological me matū nga whenua.

I tua atu, i te Conference Locarno, puritia i roto i te taua tau, tangohia te pūnaha o taurangi o te rohe kāwanatanga me te maha o te kawenata mana tahi e ka noho tautohetohe katoa anake i te apitireihana i waenganui ia ratou. Na ka whakaaro reira e e whakatuwhera enei herenga whanui te ara mo te rongo i, me te te hanga o te ariā haumaru ngā.

whakahere Briand

I te wa ano katoa i runga i te kaupapa papatipu hou te ao shirilos. Ko tōna whakaaro i ki whakapuaki pakanga katoa waho te ture. I roto i te whenua-Saxon Anglo i rawa whakawhanakehia tenei kaupapa. Na reira, i te na French Minita Foreign Briand, haere ki runga, ki te whakatau i te whakaaro tūmatanui whānui, faaoti ahau ki te kawe mai ki te taumira o raruraru Pākehā te United States. Me mea e ahau e kua tenei kua meatia, kia rite ki te ātete ki te UK.

I roto i te April 1927, hainatia Bryant he piira ki te iwi o Amerika. I roto i te reira, tapaea ana e ia ki te utu ake he kawenata i waenganui i France me te United States, e mea kati te whakamahi o te whawhai kia rite ki te tikanga o te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa here motu. I roto i te meka, i tuhituhia i tenei tono i te orometua i University Columbia, James Shotwell. Ki te rapu i te kāwanatanga Wīwī ki te whakarite kia ratou kaupapa here huru pai o te hapori ao i te tikanga o tenei kawenata, e pai te āwhina ki te whakakaha tino tūranga o te kāwanatanga i roto i Europe.

kaupapa whakatairanga

Ko te whakaaro o te Minita French whakaaetia te US Hekeretari o State Kellogg. Otiia whakaekea ia ki te haina e kore, me multilateral ko te kawenata më, a whakatutukitia tenei tono ki te kau taki o ētahi atu whenua Pākehā. Ko Germany te tuatahi nei tautoko te kaupapa American.

Me kï reira e hanga Kellogg tono etahi uauatanga ture mo te maha o whenua e hiahia ana ki te uru atu te League o Nations. Ko pono o te Tuhinga 16 st tenei. ka mea te reira e rite kore te he felotoi ki te rawaho-whenua kingi i roto i te whakamahi o te kaha hōia.

meinga Kellogg-Briand Pact te whakaahunga te nuinga i roto i UK Kāwanatanga. ka mea te reira i kore e tukua ai te wawaotanga iti o tētahi atu i roto i te porohita o ona ngākau nuitanga motu. Na, i te mana o Ingarangi i roto i te mua waiho e ratou e tika ana ki te whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi hōia i roto i ngā wāhanga o ngā faufaa ki te whenua.

ko Ingarangi hoki kaha te kore ki te meka i uru i roto i te hainatanga o te kāwanatanga, kihai i riro noa te whakaaetanga nei ao. Tuatahi o te katoa, ko reira he kuao Whenua o nga Sovietí, rite te tau i mua i wehea ratou whanaunga takawaenga i. Ko te aha i whakahe Britain ki te Soviet Union hainatia te Kellogg-Briand Pact. History o Russia, a muri te Soviet Union, he rota o taunakitanga o te meka i no maha whenua Pākehā ki tona hoa te raki ki etahi manawapa, me te ara mauahara.

Huringa i roto i te kirimana

Maoro, te kāwanatanga Wīwī aroaro te putanga hou o te kaupapa. Na homai te Kellogg-Briand Pact i 1928 te tika ki te whaiaro korero-a States, engari anake i roto i te anga o whakaaetanga ngā. pōwhiritia nga kau taki o Itari, me Hapani te putanga tuatahi o tenei tuhinga, a tangohia ana e ia kia rite ki te whakangaromanga whakamutunga o te pea o te pakarutanga o te whawhai.

He marama i muri mai, whakaputaina US Hekeretari o State tona hukihuki whakahōutia ka tonoa reira ki te kāwanatanga o whenua 14. I roto i te reira, i tohua ia e te makanga o āwangawanga mahi hōia nga whanaunga anake i waenganui i nga Powers i kua haina te whakaaetanga. Kua kore i riro tahi atu whenua katoa ki pūkete. reta takawaenga e pā ana ki te tikanga o taua mau parau rite "te whawhai he ture," roa hoki te marama.

I te pae hopea, te Kellogg-Briand Pact Akuhata 27, 1928 Kua oti te mutunga whakaaetia, ka hainatia i roto i Paris i te 15 āhua aratohu. Ko te rārangi ngā te US, Canada, Awherika ki te Tonga, Germany, France, Belgium, Ahitereiria, Ireland, Italy, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Aotearoa, India, Poland me Japan.

He aha i roto i te kirimana

Ko te tuhinga iho i hanga te i te whakataki, me te rua tuhinga matua. Ko te kī tuatahi e kaha whakahe i te rōpū te whakamahi o te mahi hōia ki te whakatutuki i ngā tautohetohe ao, me te kaha paopao ratou rite te taputapu mo te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa here tūmatanui. I roto i te tuhinga tuarua i runga i ngā rōpū katoa ki te ite e mo te taumira o fepaki ao me tautohetohe ka huihui anake ki te tikanga rangimarie.

whai wāhitanga

Haunga i haina kua 15 āhua i te kawenata, i hoatu te Kellogg-Briand Pact o 1928 te tika ki te whakaae ki reira rite te āhua-koroni me nga whenua ririki. August 27 tonoa e te United States 48 States kore whai wāhi i roto i te whiriwhiringa, he tono mo te kirimana.

Ko te USSR te tuatahi o te rārangi o invitees atu, i whakamanatia te kawenata ao. I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1929 i te kawa i roto i nei muri tangohia te Soviet Union, Estonia, Latvia ko Romania, ko Iran, Lithuania me Turkey i roto i Moscow kauwhautia e ka tomo ratou ki roto ki te kaha i runga i te Kellogg-Briand Pact. Hoki ētahi atu whenua, ka tomo i te Whakaaetanga ki te kaha i runga i te 24 o Hūrae, e ko, e ono nga marama i muri mai.

hiranga

Tuatahi o te katoa, kua awhinatia te tiriti kitea āhua noa pērā i Tiamana me France. A, no te haere mai German Chancellor Gustav Stresemann ki Paris, ki te haina i te Kellogg-Briand Pact, whakaarahia reira te pātai o te nohoia i te wa o te Rhineland. Me mea e ahau e i roto i te wahi kua kē reira i whakatau Locarno Whakaaetanga, engari i whāiti ki te tuhinga i roto i roto i te Tiriti o Versailles. I roto i te tuhinga whakamutunga kī reira e ko te mahi ki te muri tae noa ki 1935. E ai ki te Chancellor, i muri i te whakaritenga o te tiriti i hanga te aroaro o hōia ke i runga i te rohe Tiamana kahore tikanga. Na reira, i te wa o te Conference Hague , i whakaritea e ai ki runga ki te withdrawal o ope whanaunga i te Rhineland.

Me kï reira e ko te whakatamarikitanga o te Kellogg-Briand Pact o mahu'inga nui pāpori, me te morare, me te whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga nui o tika he halá. Ko, ahakoa, tenei tuhinga i parau anake, mau ana ia ia ōkawa. Ki te haina i te kawenata, e kore e te whenua kua whakapakaritia ratou fafauraa ki te whakakahore i mahi hōia, me te kore i te aukati i te iwi ringa. e kore Rāhui Ingarangi me France i whakaritea i roto i te kirimana, me roto i te meka i rongoa i te whenua te tika ki te whawhai i roto i te whaiaro korero-.