Kia pehea te i te reo Russian? Hanganga o te reo Russian

E hia ngā wā e tatou, Russian-korero, whakaaro e pā ana ki taua wāhi nui, pera te hītori o te putanga o te reo Russian? I muri i te katoa, e hia mea ngaro huna i roto i reira, e hia nga mea ngā taea kitea e koe, ki te keri koe hohonu. Kia pehea te i te reo Russian? I muri i te katoa, i to tatou reo - he waea kāinga kore anake, te mea he hītori taonga.

Ko te hītori o te whanaketanga o te reo Russian: poto e pā ana ki te matua

Te wahi i reira ko to tatou reo taketake? He maha ngā ariā. whakapono ētahi pūtaiao (hei tauira, he kaiwetereo Guseva) Sanskrit te muri o whanaunga o te reo Russian. Heoi, mā te whakamahi i te pūtaiao Sanskrit Indian me tohunga. Ko tenei Latin mo nga tangata o Europe tahito - "te tahi mea rawa tupato, me te rorirori." Engari kia rite ki te kupu, i i whakamahia e te pūtaiao Indian, kua ohorere puta ia i roto i to tatou taha? He ki nga Initia timata te hanganga o te reo Russian?

Poutohu o nga kaiako ma whitu

Ngā wāhanga i roto i te hītori o te reo Russian katoa pūtaiao mohio rerekē: .. Ko te takenga mai, te whanaketanga, tāpaetanga reo tuhituhi i te iwi, te whanaketanga wetereo me te faatomaraa, etc. katoa o enei taea rerekē kia (tonu e kore e matau rite, i te wehea te reo tuhituhi i te iwi whānui) ranei tikanga. Ko, kia rite ki te kōrero e whai ake, e taea te whakaaro te "matua" o te reo Russian he kaiako ma whitu.

I roto i India, i reira te mea he kōrero e ara ako i roto i ngä whare wänanga Indian. I roto i nga wa onamata ki te matao o te Te Tai Tokerau (te Himalayas) nga kaiwhakaako ma whitu. hoatu ratou te iwi, a whakatakotoria te turanga o Sanskrit Brahmanism, i nei whanau i muri Buddhism i. He tokomaha whakapono e ko te Te Tai Tokerau tetahi o nga rohe o Russia, na maha haere nga Inia nāianei reira i runga i noho manene ai.

Poutohu tenei ra

Huri i te reira i roto i taua hāngai maha nga kupu a Sanskrit ki kupu Russian - ko te ariā o te Pēhi rongonui Natalia Guseva, e tuhituhi atu atu i 150 mahi pūtaiao i runga i te hītori, me te karakia o India tenei. Te nuinga o ratou, i te ara, i pato'ihia e te tahi atu pūtaiao.

e tenei ariā e kore reira "i te rangi" i tangohia. mahi tona ahua rite te take ngā. Kia Natalya tahi e te kaiputaiao faaturahia i India, e kua whakaritea e ki te whakarite i te haere arahina o nga awa raki o Russia. Communicating ki noho o nga kainga rohe, kitea rawatia ake pakaru Hindu ki roimata, a kihai te kaiwhakamaori, ka mea i a ia hari ki te whakarongo i te Sanskrit taketake. Na ka whakaritea e Gusev ki horo'ai tona ora ki ako i te āhuatanga ngaro, a i te wa taua ki te whakapumautia e founga ki te whakawhanake i te reo Russian.

Ko te pono mīharo! E ai ki te kōrero, e ora tera taha o te Himalayas mangumangu, korero i roto i te reo kia rite ki to tatou iho. Mysticism, me te mea ke atu. Otiia, ko te whakapae i haere mai i to tatou reo i te Indian Sanskrit, ko te wahi ki te hei. Tenei ko reira - te hītori o te poto reo Russian.

ariā Dragunkina

Ko tetahi atu kaiputaiao, ko wai faaoti e, e parau mau te aamu o te putanga o te reo Russian. He akonga pai-mohiotia Alexander Dragunkin tohe e ahu he reo pono nui te i atu te kuware, i roto i nei iti puka me ngā kupu kupu-hanga poto. Sanskrit mahara nui ohie atu i te Russian. e kore he mea, engari he paku whakarerekētia Runes Hindu Slavic - He reo tuhituhi o Sanskrit. Ko tenei ariā - he tika te ture o dialectics, kei hea he te takenga o te reo?

putanga pūtaiao

Ko te putanga e farii me whakaae te nuinga o pūtaiao. Kerēme ia e (te wa o ahua o te tangata tuatahi), he hiahia ki te whakapuaki i ō rātou whakaaro i roto i te tukanga o te mahi ngātahi i te iwi 40 000 tau ki mua. Heoi puta te reo. Otiia i roto i aua ra i tino korekore te taupori, ka korero nga iwi katoa te reo kotahi. I muri mano o nga tau, i reira ko he heke o iwi. Kua puta ke te DNA o te iwi, iwi herea ki ia atu, ka anga ki te korero i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē.

kehe Reo i ia atu i roto i te puka o te hanganga kupu. Ia rōpū o te iwi ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou ake reo, ki te fakalahi reira ki nga kupu hou, nga marohirohi. I muri mai i reira ko te hiahia mo te pūtaiao, e pai mahi ki te meka i whakaahuatia nga whanaketanga hou mea ranei ki i haere mai te iwi.

Ka rite ki te hua o tenei kunenga mai i roto i te hinengaro tangata i tetahi pera-ka karanga "kopu". Ēnei tāhū, taipitopito wāhi i roto i te kaiwetereo rongonui George Gachev e kua ako neke atu i te 30 tāhū, - pikitia reo o te ao. E ai ki tona ariā, kei te tino piri nga Tiamana ki to ratou whare, ka ko e te ara he angamaheni German-korero. I ahu mai te reo Russian me mentality te i te ariā he whakapakoko o te ara, i te ara ranei. Ko tenei kopu i roto i to tatou ta'oto.

Ko te whanau me te whanaketanga o te reo Russian

Mō 3 mano nga tau BC, tu atu i roto i te reo o Proto reo Indo-European, i te mea he mano nga tau i muri mai ka he reo Slavonic. Ko te cc VI-VII. n. e. i wehea ai ki te maha ngā rōpū: te rawhiti, i te uru, me te tonga. Kei te nuinga o te wā i to tatou reo pēnei ki te rōpū te rawhiti.

Na ka karanga te timatanga o te ara o te reo tahito te hanganga o Kievan Rus (IX rau). I te wa ano, mea whakaaro Kirill ahau Mefody te tātai reta Slavic tuatahi.

whakawhanakehia tere reo Slavic, a kua mau ake i te taumata o te rongonui ki Kariki me te reo Roma. Ko te Old Ekalesia Slavonic (te mua o te Russian hou) whakahaere ki te whakakotahi i te Silaví katoa, ki runga ki taua mea ki te tuhituhi me te whakaputa i te tuhinga tino nui, me te urupa o tuhinga. Hei tauira, "Kia pa."

māori o te Literature

Na ka haere mai te wā o te feudalism, a hua te raupatu Polish-Lithuanian i roto i te rau tau XIII-XIV ki te meka e te wehea te reo ki toru ngā rōpū o mita: Russian, Ukrainian ko Peraruhia, me te tahi mau reo takawaenga.

I roto i whakaritea e te rau tau XVI i roto i Muscovy ki haerenga i te tuhituhia Russian (ka huaina "mova ohie" a ka awe i te Belarusian me Iukereiniana) - tomo te predominance o coordinative here i roto i te rerenga me te whakamahi auau o te uniana 'ae', "me", "engari". i ngaro Dual, a ko te tino rite ki te hou tūingoa heke. Na ka te pūtake o te reo tuhituhi nga āhuatanga āhuatanga o te kupu Moscow. Hei tauira, 'Akane, "orokati" g "katinga" ovo "me" evo "tūpou fakahāhaa'i (ano koutou et al.). pae hopea whakaaetia Tīmata tā te reo tuhituhi Russian.

era Petrine

era Petrine nui awe e reira. No te mea i tenei wa i tukua te reo Russian i te "puritia" o te hahi, me i 1708 i ripeneta te tātai reta, kia riro te reira ofi ki te tauira Pākehā.

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XVIII whakatakotoria Lomonosov nga ture hou o te reo Russian, te whakakotahi i nga mea katoa i puta mai i mua i te reira: kōrero reo, iwi rotarota, me te ara te reo mandative. I muri i tahuri tona arero i Derzhavin, Radishchev, Fonvizin. nui haere ratou i te maha o taurite i roto i te reo Russian, ki te pehea, ki te kitea e tona taonga.

He koha nui ki te whanaketanga o to tatou kupu hanga Pushkin, e paopao here katoa i runga i kāhua ka ngā nga kupu Russian ki etahi Pakeha, ki te waihanga i tētahi pikitia tino, me te ātaahua o te reo Russian. I tautokona ia e Lermontov me Gogol.

ngā whanaketanga

Kia pehea te i te reo Russian i roto i te heke mai? Mai te waenganui o te XIX - wawe senituli XX, he maha ngā ngā o te whanaketanga reo Russian:

1. Whanaketanga o ngā tikanga tuhituhi.
2. Pūtahitanga o te reo tuhituhi, me te korero reo.
3. whakawhetai whakawhānui Reo ki te reo me te piua.
4. Ko te whanaketanga o "talena" momo i roto i te tuhinga, raruraru taumauri.

Ahua i muri, kua puta ke hapori te takenga o te reo Russian, a i roto i te rautau rua tekau pāpāho te kupu papa'iraa.

Huri i te reira i roto i taua i to tatou reo Russian hou, ahu mai ki ona ture wetereo, me te wetereo katoa i te Mixing o ngā mita Te Tai Rāwhiti Slavic, i whakaritea mai e te puta noa i Russia me te reo te Ekalesia Slavonic. I muri i te kāhuarau katoa kua reira hei tetahi o nga reo tino rongonui i roto i te ao.

He iti ake e pā ana ki te tuhituhi

Heoi Tatishchev ia (kaituhi o "History o Russia") i tino e kore Cyril me Methodius whakaaro tuhituhi. vai te reira i roa i mua i whanau ratou. Silaví e taea ki te tuhituhi e kore anake: tokomaha momo o te tuhituhi a ratou. Hei tauira, motu, ngā āhuatanga, Rune reta ranei. Na, ka mau teina kaimātai pūtaiao rite te pūtake te pōtae maturuturunga iho te nuinga, ka whakarerekē noa te reira. Pea te maka ai e pā ana ki ngā reta i te tatini ki te hanga i taua mea māmā ki te iriti i te Bibilia. Ae, i hanga Kirill ahau Mefody te tātai reta Slavic, engari ko tona reta te pūtake. Ko te roto i Russia me reira i tuhituhi.

tuma waho

Kia aroha mai, Kei te toutou kitea to tatou reo ki te riri waho. Na ka ko he pātai te heke mai o te whenua. Hei tauira, i roto i te rau tau XIX, te "cream o te hapori" katoa korero anake i roto i French, kakahu i roto i te kāhua tika, a ngā ara te tahua anake o kai Wīwī. Rangatira āta timata ki te wareware ratou reo Māori, e kore e herea ki te iwi Russian, te hoko i te kaupapa hou, me te iho.

Ka rite ki te hua o te whakataki o te kupu French, i taea Russia ngaro e kore anake to ratou reo, engari ano hoki i te ahurea. Aua'e, te āhuatanga ora te poto o te rau tau XIX: Pushkin, Turgenev, Karamzin, Dostoevsky. Ko ratou, kia rite ki patriots pono, kihai i hoatu e te reo Russian mate. Kua whakaaturia e ratou pehea he reira ataahua.

hurihuri

Tino matatini, me te kore tino matau te hītori o te reo Russian. Poto e kore e whakatakotoria ana ki roto i. ka tango te reira i tau ki te ako. reo Russian me hītori o te iwi - te tahi mea pono mīharo. A me pehea e taea karanga koe koe te konohi, kahore hoki e mohio te tangata whenua te reo, pakiwaitara, rotarota, me te tuhinga?

Kia aroha mai, ngaro te iwi taitamariki o tenei ra moni i roto i te pukapuka, engari rawa hoki tuhituhinga puāwaitanga. kitea ana tēnei au e i roto i te iwi pakeke. TV, Internet, karapu po me wharekai, makasini mōhinuhinu me blogs - tenei katoa, whakakapi matou te "pepa o hoa." ara mutu tokomaha te iwi ki te whai ratou ake whakaaro, ki te hoatu i te mua whakaritea e te hapori me nga clichés pāpāho. Ahakoa te meka i nga waiata, me te noho i roto i te marautanga kura, he torutoru te hunga e pānui ratou, ara i roto i te puka whakarāpopototanga, e "kai" te ataahua katoa me te taketake o nga mahi o kaituhi Russian.

Engari kia rite ki te hītori taonga me te tikanga o te reo Russian! Hei tauira, e taea ana ki te hoatu whakautu ki ngā pātai maha pai atu i tetahi Huinga i runga i te Internet i te tuhinga, ko te. tuhinga Russian whakapuaki te mana o te whakaaro nui o te iwi, hanga ite te aroha o to tatou whenua, a ka ki te matau pai reira. Ia tangata e matau e te reo Māori, ahurea Māori me te he hia nga iwi, he ratou kotahi. Na mārama ia, ka whakaaro tangata Russian hou? Ko te meka e hiahia ana koe ki te waiho i to ratou whenua wawe tonu?

Ko te ati matua

A, o te akoranga, te riri matua ki nga kupu ke he ki to tatou reo. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, ko tenei raruraru hāngai i roto i te rau tau XVIII, engari, kāore, noho kāore noa nei, me te āta riro nga āhuatanga o te kino motu.

Ehara i anake e he hiahia rawa i roto i te rerekē kupu piua te hapori, te reo faufau, mea whakaaro kīanga, na whakamahi tonu me tonu tono ke, i roto i tona kupu, wareware e i roto i te reo Russian reira he nui ake ngā faaauhia. Enei kupu e: "stylist", "kaiwhakahaere", "whanaunga tūmatanui", "tihi", "auaha", "kaiwhakamahi", "blog", "Net" me te tini ke atu. Ki te haere mai te reira noa i etahi rōpū i roto i te hapori, ka taea te i te raruraru whawhai. Ko, kāore, kupu ke kei te kaha whakamahia e te kaiako, ngā kairīpoata, ngā pūkenga, me te ara rangatira. Ko te kupu a te iwi enei iwi, a ko te kupu whakamōhio ma'unimaá. A tupu te reira e te kupu ke na mau noho i roto i te reo Russian e haamata ki te mea rite ki te he reira primordial.

He aha te te mea?

Na me pehea e karanga koe i te reira? Kuware? Fashion mō tāwāhi katoa? Ranei te pakanga ki a Russia? Mahalo katoa i kotahi. A kia tenei raruraru e faatiti'aifarohia rite wawe tonu, te kore te reira te mutunga rawa. Hei tauira, maha whakamahi i te kupu "kaitohutohu" hei utu o "kaiwhakahaere", "tina pakihi" hei utu o "tina pakihi" me pera i runga i. D. I muri te ngaro o te iwi tīmata ki te ngaro o te reo.

Mō papakupu

Na e matau ana koutou e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te whakawhanake i te reo Russian. Otiia e kore e katoa te e. whakahua Special tika te hītori o papakupu o te reo Russian. He kua papakupu hou i papai tahito, a muri, me ngā pukapuka tāngia. I te tuatahi i iti rawa ratou, ka i te tikanga mo te porohita kuiti o te iwi.

whakaaro te papakupu Russian matamua te ki te waiho i te tono poto ki Kormchaia Novgorod (1282). ngā ratou 174 kupu i reo rerekē: Kariki, Ekalesia Slavonic, Hiperu me ingoa tika noa Paipera.

I muri tau 400 o papakupu anga ki te puta rōrahi nui nui. Kua oti ratou te tono, me te ara te tātai reta. I aua ra i te nuinga mātauranga ranei encyclopedic i roto i te natura papakupu, na kihai i matou peasants noa.

Ko te papakupu tā tuatahi

puta te reira i te papakupu tāngia tuatahi i roto i 1596. Ko tetahi atu tāpiritanga ki te pukapuka matua i runga i te wetereo tohunga Lavrentiya Zizaniya. roto te reira i neke atu i te mano kupu, e kua kōmaka i roto i te ana'iraa piapa. Ko te papakupu kua tika, a faataa i te takenga o tokomaha o te Slavonic Tahito me kupu tono. I whakaputaina i roto i te reo Belarusian, Russian, me te Ukrainian.

whanaketanga atu o papakupu

XVIII ko te rau tau o ngā āhuatanga nui. kihai ratou i Karo me papakupu anake. kaipūtaiao nui (Tatischev Lomonosov) ohorere whakakitea anaanatae i roto i te takenga o maha nga kupu. ka anga ahau ki te tuhituhi tuhipoka Trediakovskii. I roto i te mutunga, ko te hunga i te maha o papakupu i hanga, engari ko te nui "Siasí Dictionary" me tona whareāpiti. I roto i te "Siasí Dictionary" tikanga riro matou neke atu i te 20 000 kupu. whakatakotoria tenei pukapuka te turanga mo te papakupu normative o te reo Russian, ko Lomonosov, me ētahi atu kairangahau anga tona hanganga.

Ko te Dictionary tino nui

Ko te hītori o te whanaketanga o te reo Russian mahara he taua rā nui mo te katoa o tatou - te hanganga o "Fakamatala Dictionary o Reo Russian" V. I. Dalya (1866). riro tenei-rōrahi wha pinepine o putanga, me te he e hāngai ana i roto i to tatou ra. humarie taea te whakaaro 200,000 kupu me runga i 30,000 kīwaha me ngā waeine phraseological he taonga tūturu.

i tenei ra

Kia aroha mai, e kore he hiahia i roto i te aamu o te putanga o te reo Russian te hapori ao. taea te whakaritea tona āhuatanga o nāianei ki take kotahi, e kotahi i reira ko te pūtaiao rerekē pūmanawa Dmitri Mendeleev. Oia mau, e kore i taea e ki te riro i te mema hōnore o te St Petersburg Imperial Academy o Sciences (inaianei te Russian Academy o Sciences) Mendeleev. He ko he tutukitanga nui, a e tonu kia: e kore he pūtaiao ki te tango ki te wänanga! Ko te Russian Empire me tona ao i maro: kī ratou e mai te Russian Lomonosov Tatishchev me kei roto i te tokoiti, a ka tino he kotahi kaiputaiao Russian pai - University.

Tenei hītori o te reo Russian hou hanga fifili tatou: he aha te mea Ingarihi (ranei tetahi atu) ake ka whakakapi tenei Russian ahurei? A hi'o nahea te tokomaha o to tatou hakari kupu piua ke! Ae, te ranu reo me te utu hoa - te reira nui, engari he reira feruri e kua ngaro i te kōrero mīharo o to tatou kupu i te ao. Tiakina te reo taketake!