Ko nga hahi maha: momo, momo, aronuinga, me o ratou te whakamahi. He aha e nga wae? Knotability mō "horoi"

puta wawe rawa kōpuku i te hītori o te taata nei - i kitea mohiotia te matamua i roto i Finland me no ki te mutunga o Stone Age. Ki te whanaketanga o te ao, me te whakawhanake i ngā huarahi ki te piri tonu, i ohie ki matatini, wehea ki ngā momo, momo, me te hōkai o te whakamahi. Ko te kāwai nui i te maha o ngā rerekētanga - knots.

Ko te tūranga o te kōpuku i roto i te ahurea me te karakia

He ko te iwi nei ara o taura here e hua ana ki te āhuatanga pūngāwerewere, whakamahia i roto i te ora o rāngai katoa o te hapori. He kua u'i e whai tātau ratou. Ko te tauira tino rongonui o te muri - Ancient Roma: te tohunga i roto i te temepara o Hupita i riria mai ki te whai kakahu i te iti rawa kia kotahi kōpuku.

He maha nga iwi o te ao i reira i fakalotu, ngā wāhi tapu: Chinese "kono oaoa", te tohu o te iwi o Hura i roto i nga Hurai, te here whenu o makawe, ka pūtiki te here pahau Arapi me ētahi atu.

hītori take

kua homai take pana Big o pūāhuru te whanaketanga o te whakatere e rere - te hiahia mo te "taputapu" pono, me te hoa-kaiwhakamahi hanga he kohinga katoa o kōpuku hou. puta tetahi nekehanga nui i roto i te rau tau XIX-XX ki te whanaketanga o te tāpoi.

E te wa e rere e rere haere ana ki te arearea, a ka he noa i roto o te whakamahi knots - ko inaianei i roto i te ako Nautical School anake e pā ana ki 38 knots. Na, i roto i te "kōpuku Buka o Ashleya", whakaputaina i roto i te 1944, whakaahuatia 700 kōwhiringa o taura here me te mōrahi mohiotia to ratou maha tae 4000. Heoi, ka haere mai nga tūruhi, ke nga mea katoa.

Ko te whanaketanga o motuhake momo o fakafiefiá kawea (hīkoi, Caving, hī hākinakina) ki te ora i te wareware, me "te hanga" momo hou o hononga.

riro Knotability te ahua o te hākinakina - tetahi o nga lekooti kua reira kua rēhita i roto i te "pukapuka o Records" Guinness i 1977, te tino e herea te American Clinton R. Bailey e Lahí ono knots i roto i 6.1 hēkona.

Kei hea nga kōpuku

Scope o ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ora te tangata. Kōpuku mooni tahi tatou mau vahi atoa - ki to ratou awhina herea kopere i runga i hu, pōtae, here, ranu i hanga, me to ratou awhina pupuri mōkai runga i te wawa, me te huruhuru i roto i te huruhuru. E tonu wae Marine i te akoranga o te rere.

I roto i te keri, hākinakina wai, Caving me knots Mountaineering i nga hikoinga. Ratou - wāhanga o te ika, hopu, te hanga whakapaipai me te kakahu. I te wa ano, titau ona momo ake o ngā kōpuku ia mahi.

Types o koropiko me hononga

Knotability tino pupuri te ture o āhuawhatunga - te pūtake o tetahi o te whakaminenga tino matatini he kono ohie. Mai i tenei mai ake whakarōpū tuatahi - he ngāwari (taketake), me te matatini tuhonohono.

Ka taea te wehea tetahi kōpuku i roto i te huinga o ngā āhuatanga e rua - te hanga taura kōpiko āhua (hanga), me te hanganga atu i roto i hukihuki niao ki (hanga).

Pēpēhinga e ahu ki te kōpeketanga, deformation o te taura i te pae o te adhesion. Ka rite ki te hua - ki te taura pūtiki raro kaha i whati atu, kahore reira. arata'i tenei ki tetahi atu tikanga o te whakarōpū - rite ki te tohu o te tika.

"Practical" me whakapaipai

Ka taea te tawhiti me tetahi atu whakarōpū whānui - wehenga o nga momo o ngā waeine mahi. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e wehea nga kōpuku ki whakamahia hoki tetahi mahi, me te whakapaipai.

tino Tata mō mau horo'araa whakapaipai, puawai, kakahu whakapaipai huatau, hanga whakapaipai. I roto ia ratou he mizuhiki wahi motuhake: ka taea te whakamahi ratou ki te hanga i nga mahi o te toi o ngā āhua me ngā take katoa - i whakapaipai i roto i te puka o ngā pūrerehua, me cranes, ki nga koropiko taonga, me te whakapaipai i runga i kakahu.

He atu whakarōpūtanga - rite ki te meka e te mea herea te ūnga, ka pera i runga i ..

Whakarōpū o ngā waeine, momo

I roto i te whānui, i enei momo o kōpuku taratahi:

• mo here tahi nga taura;
• mō te here i te taura ki te tautoko;
• koropiko;
• mau p∂p∂ (mō te tautoko, Taumaha, pupuri taura coils koropiko, aha ...);
• necktie;
• whakapaipai.

Te mua, i roto i te tahuri, e taea te wehea ki: kōpuku hoki here taura o te diameter taua, rerekē diameter, rere (mo te honohono okeoke tahi mongamonga o te taura kotahi), kaiwhakahaere, me te motuhake.

Tenei, Heoi, e kore te kupu whakahoki ki te pātai, he aha e nga wae he iti. Ko tōna wae motuhake reira i roto i te Mountaineering me te hī ika, tae atu whakapaipai, me te reira ko te momo nui o pūhui.

E toru te pae moana nui

I roto i te meka, i reira e maha "moutere" pae, e tika ana, me te rongonui i roto i nga ra o kaipuke e rere nga momo o i nga, engari kua ngaro ratou hāngaitanga i roto i to tatou wa. He nui ataahua o tuhonohono e kore whakamahia, engari i reira e toru taketake, e kua whakamahia tata ki hea, wā. Ko te "bowline", "rōkara" me "waru" tenei.

"Bowline" ope, ko wai te mea ano hoki he bowline, hoki e mohiotia ana te "kingi o knots" - e kore e roa noa i raro i totoro kaha, ngāwari ki te uru, kiato, pepa-kore, e kore e tūkino i te taura e kore te iho roa, me te he ngāwari tangoro. Ko tenei - te tino kingi, kua nga mau huru e tika katoa pai, me te kore he tata kahore kohakore. whakamahia tēnei kōpuku kei te rite inihua ka piki ta'uma faaheeraa ranei mo te taha, a ka he e tika ana mō te hono rua taura o diameters rite rerekē ranei me ngā rauemi hoki.

Ko te tino watea hoki āpiti he taura ki te maeneene papa, pērā i te rewa PGG ranei "rōkara" whakaminenga. pā ana te reira ki te ahua o kōpuku, taea te whakamahi humarie nga momo o nei, kahore te wehi o raruraru ki retireti samorazvyazyvaniem ranei. ahu te ingoa i te meka e kua roa kua titia ratou ki te takatu ratlin (wāhanga o taura paraihia ai whakamahia ki te ara i runga i rewa). I tenei pae reira ko te drawback - ko reira pono anake i raro i mānukanuka tamau. Kei te whakamahia te mahi moana mō fenders, te here i te kaipuke ki te puranga.

"Waru" - te maukati whakaminenga waiwai ma rima atu taatou matatini. Kei te whakaaro te reira i te aronui, me tona painga nui kei e ara ki te akina kaha e kore e pahua ia te taura, me te ngāwari tangoro. I roto i te ora ia rā, ko te ara pai o whakamau te taura ki te kakau peere ki te reti o te tamaiti, aho ki nga violon Colca, manarino, kita, me te rite.

I tua atu, kia wehewehea momo knots ki taura honotanga p∂p∂ tauturu ki ia atu, me te whiwhi i te taura ki te tautoko.

wāhanga Basic i roto i te Mountaineering

whakamahi i te hākinakina maunga momo rite o matings. Ahakoa haere mai etahi o ratou i te moana, ka mohiotia hoki nga tau maha, a ka whai ratou "ake", hoahoa me te whakaaro e te tūruhi me kaitäkaro ngaio. Ka taea te tāutuhia e te piki 17 tupuranga nui:

• Raina (ki te hono i te taura me aho o te rahi taua. Kia tino ki te whakamahi i ngā wae mana. I raro i pikaunga, nui roa, "ngokingoki").
• Waina (i te momo kōpuku kāwai e e whakamahia mō te here i te taura o te taua, me te o diameters rerekē).
• Bramshkotovy (kaimahi ki te here rerekē taura diameter. Ki te hiahiatia te reira ki te piri tonu te kōpuku mana).
• Explorer (tono - whakamau i te taura ki te tahi mea ngāwari ki te mau i runga i tetahi wāhanga o te taura nui roa i raro i pikaunga, me te "ngokingoki" ..).
• Waru-pēne (e kore e ki te here i te kono "ngokingoki ana", me te kore i whakaroa nui i raro i pikaunga. Kei te whakamahia te reira i te wahi i te hiahia koropiko pono).
• "Taringa Rabbit" (hōkai -. Ko te wahi e hiahia ana koe i te koropiko totoka pai kore he "ngokingoki", nui roa i raro i kawenga).
• Bowline (Kei te whakamahia ai mō te āpiti i te taura ki te mowhiti a tawhio noa te tautoko whakatika. Ko tenei pai, kuware, me te pono i te whakaminenga, e kore e kaha te tightened i raro i pikaunga, engari te "ngokingoki" ki te he tāupe te kawenga).
• Koromeke Garda (te whakamahia te reira mo te inihua, toia te taura me te wahia. Mahi pai ki te taura utaina, e tika ana mō te whakamahi i roto i tetahi o ona āhua).
• Prusik Kōpuku (whakamahia hoki lanyard kore e puritia reira i runga i taura haupapa me te kino - .. neke noa te tenei whakaminenga pakeke me te tightened ki te kawenga, tona tango i muri i tautuhi, kahore uaua).
• Rōkara ( "feinga." Pai mō te whakamau atu i te taura ki tetahi maha o tautoko, pērā i ngā rākau. I raro i kawenga e kore e roa ka ko reira tamau rawa pono).
• Austria wae whai (mo tensioning te taura ina whiti whakahaere. Nekehanga wātea tightened i raro i kawenga me hoki ki tona tūranga taketake i muri i tango. Ko tētahi o nga kōpuku tino pono. Types o te taua retireti o te mamau me he tino hira i roto i heramana mea tuhonohono e, i roto i speleologists).
• (Whenu tenei kōpuku kei i te roa taura matua, me te te whakamahia ki te karo inadvertent whakaparo whakawhitinga tukunga kia puawai ai. Kei te pai decoupled reira noa i raro i kawenga nui, me te feunga pono. Mā te he kono ākau arotahi ranei) Samorazvyazyvayuschiysya.
• taura tohu (te ara tino māmā, me te watea ki te pupuri i te taura i roto i te raupapa. knits i runga i tetahi taura skein, rīpene, aho hī ika, me pera i runga i. d.).
• Maukatia ISS (te tikanga me te tukanga o te paihere inihua. He maha ngā kōwhiringa).
• Mana - retireti, turi, Carbines (wae taketake i roto i tetahi mara e pā ana ki te whakamahi o taura kahore utu mana kotahi anake nei e kore e piri i roto i te hiahia o kōpuku ratou mahi - .. Ārai te tukunga kia puawai ai māhorahora o te whakaminenga matua ki te whakamahi i te mana e tika ana ki etahi kōpuku i roto i te .. whānui, kei te whakamahia ratou ka reira he feaa rite ki te tika o te matua, rawa, ki te te here i te reira ki te mākū, pahekeheke, haupapa, paru, me te m. p. taura).

wāhanga matua i roto i Caving

Ngā momo o knots taura whakamahia speleotourists, tino rite ki "Mountaineering", ahakoa i runga i te rōpū, me te tumuaki o te kura rānei, he ara rerekē o te kahui ka ko ai. Heoi, i reira ka waiho he hape ki te karanga i roto i te taketake, tino tika ki te ako o te hunga katoa e hiahia ana ki te whai wāhi i roto i te hāereere ana, te whai ake: tika, bowline, "waru" (he raka, he rua, me te counter), e iwa pēne Austria.

Katoa o ratou rua "waru" - tata te whakamahia tino i roto i te hāereere ana i te ora. Ki te hanga e tika, he pai tangoro i muri i mahi. Whakamahia i runga i te rewa, a tae noa i roto i maha wā.

tika

kōpuku Direct, hoki e mohiotia ana Hercules, ngā o rua āhua-āpitihanga, hoko raupapa tetahi i runga i te tahi atu i roto i ngā tohutohu rerekē. he pai anake hoki tetahi taura diameter tenei tikanga hononga - roimata matotoru te kore kikokore i raro i kawenga. A, no te utaina te taura taura ranei te, he e pängia ana ki te samorazvyazyvaniyu tenei koropiko.

Ko te taua he pono ki te whiwhi mākū te taura - ka taea e kōpuku ngōki. Whakamahia tika, tahi ki te mana. taura waihanga hārakiraki, engari ka whakamahia tika, he pūkenga, me te ngā ngāwari ki te wewete.

Mohiotia rite engari hārakiraki kōwhiringa: Teschin me Granny kono. Kei te whakaaro ano hoki te reira i te tika, me te pā Admiralty wae hāparapara.

"Waru"

Ko tētahi o nga hahi maukati māmā, he maha ngā painga mâro-: ko reira ngāwari ki te piri tonu, titiro reira ataahua, takitahi i whakaroa, e kore rawa taonga te taura. Hei whakamahi i te kawenga take ruarua, pera i roto i tenei take, nui roa me rite te hua reira uaua ki te wewete.

"Waru", rite ki te kono ākau, mohiotia mai nga wa onamata. He he he koropiko rite ki runga taua mea ki te taua ingoa, whakamahia nei i roto i Mountaineering te nuinga ki te mau i te ponao auri i runga i te taura matua.

He aha e hāngai ana i runga i "waru" wae? I roto i te whānui, te kaimahi te reira hei huānga o maha atu Here matatini, mo te tauira, he counter me te rua "waru".