Mahi toi tawhito o Russia. He aha te mahi whakawhanakehia i roto i te Kievan Rus?

mahi toi tawhito o Russia - tetahi o nga pou tokomanawa o te ahurea taketake o to tatou whenua. Ko tōna takenga tango ratou i roto i te hapori i tahito ra, ka i ngā mahi katoa, me ngā taputapu - te kuware tino. Heoi, ara i taua wa i moku, ki te whai o te ataahua to tatou tupuna. Hanga tahi whakatinana me te whakapaipai ahanoa whare i ki whakapaipai, ka hoatu e ia he puka motuhake. Ka rite ki te tikanga, katoa rite tetahi e mea nei, huānga whakapaipai i ngā āhuatanga mīharo: tiakina, rata ana waimarie pai. i rite tenei te faatura ki te tahi atu iwi i roto i Eastern Silaví. mahi tawhito taiea o Russia tikanga motuhake me ngā tikanga, manawa taketake. Na roto i te wa o te kāwanatanga Kievan, he rangatira o maha momo o mahi matou tupuna.

Parakimete - kaimahi me te makutu

I te mea mahi tawhito i roto i Russia fana'o te honore motuhake, e kore he uaua ki te mahino te maha tales, ngā pakiwaitara me whakatauki. E mea pinepine i roto i kitea e te kōrero i te parakimete, hanga te te hero o te hoari merekara, maha e farii ia ki mana tinihanga me te whakaaro nui.

Metal tukatuka i roto i Russia i pono tetahi o nga pūkenga tino rapu-i muri i. Ko ia tetahi o te tuatahi puta hei tikanga motuhake. wehi Smith, e mohiotia ana, a ka whakaaro te rino oberezhnym rauemi ahei o ki te maimoatanga tika me te huru whakaute ki reira ki te tiaki i tona ariki, i te iwi kino e kore anake, engari ano hoki i ope kino.

tae te whanaketanga o handicrafts i Kievan Rus tiketike maere: i matau matou tupuna ki tata momo hou katoa o konganuku. Nuinga o ngā wā kei te whakamahia te reira rikarika ki, nohoanga, pango, te whakarewanga o me te takahi.

toi i ahuareka ai

whakahua Special tika o te mahi whakapaipai. Ko hoki te reira i roto i Russia tae nui tiketike. Ko te tikanga tino i kua i huaina nohoanga (nohoanga), pūkoro, me te witi, me te tohu (tohu). Creation o rangatira o Kievan Rus me muri ētahi wā wiri. Hei tauira, ko te tohu rite te tauira mosaic kia āta rai i roto i, e i roto i te kanohi taea te kite pūāhua taia te tauira pouri me te ma kanapa. Waihanga pikitia rite i mongamonga o te karaihe tae. Ratou pepe me te whakauru ki te wai iti. ki tonu te puranga hua i te kōrero o ratou hua, me te ka tunua e rave rahi taime. Ka rite ki te hua o te tohu tauta ki te whakarewa.

miro konganuku me te rehu

kuhuna nohoanga ko te whakapaipai o te koura pai waea hiriwa ranei. I roto i tenei tikanga hua ngā whakapaipai, pouaka whakapaipai me etahi atu tūemi whare. hoatu nohoanga a ratou otinga motuhake, me te airiness. Kahore faarahiraa, e taea karanga hanga enei hua i te miro konganuku.

ko te wahi o te whakapaipai o ngā hua ano hoki te witi. ka titiro ia rite tepe iti tauhiuhia i runga i te whakapaipai mata. kaimahi pūkenga kore mohio rohe: ko maha poria matotoru kaua e nui ake 0.4 mm.

Ko te waituhi Ko te koranu hiriwa ki whanariki. I roto i te hanga o te whakapaipai i runga i te tauira whakarewa workpiece Rakuraku. Na ka whakakiia reira ki pango me i tonoa katoa ki te tunu. I raro i te mahi o alloys tiketike pāmahana hono, ki tonu tuhi i ki whanariki, me te ranunga hiriwa. I muri i te ariki anake ki te tango i wahi faufaa o te taata iino. Ki te whiwhi hua rerekē rerekē mōhinuhinu whakarewa rangatira, me te tauira Hāmā mata.

Te mahi ki te uku

tuarua te wa i muri i te ahua o te maimoatanga whakarewa i roto i Russia ko uku. I te tīmatanga, nga koko, me ētahi atu oko hanga e te ringa. Heoi whakawhanakehia tere mahi toi i roto i Russia, a i roto i 9-10 rau tau. Silaví i kē te whakamahi i wira o te kaihanga rihi. Ka rite ki te hua, horahia uku puta noa i te kāwanatanga. mutu Pottery ki te waiho i te rarity. hanga ia o enei hua kua, te tahi mea rerekē i te mahi o te tahi atu kaimahi. Wizards puritia, i roto i te reo hou, to ratou kāhua ake. Rerekētanga taea ana ki te āhuatanga hangarau: te pāmahana, me te wa puhipuhi, te hanganga uku, - ranei hoahoa: tae whakamahia, nga āhuatanga o te āhua, ngā āhuatanga whakarakai atu.

anga mahi toi i roto i Russia mai te whakatamarikitanga o Karaitiana ki te whakawhanake i rite ki te kēnana Siu. Kaihanga rihi, i roto i te tua ki taonga tākaro tuku iho, me mea, ka anga ki te whakaputa i ngā tūemi e hiahiatia ana mo te hahi, me tāpa - tāpa whakapaipai, i whakamahia nei rite whakapaipai.

rauemi ora

Ko te mahi i tahito ra o te pakeke Russia ki whakaaro i waho te whakairo. Reira puta ano ki to tatou matua i mua. Whakapaipai ki taonga tākaro whakairo, me te taonga, oko kāinga me te kāinga. whakaaro Wood te mahana, rauemi ora. Ka rite ki te whakarewa, he taea ki te tiaki, kia mau i roto i o te raru reira, na kua tutaki te hua rakau i roto i te tu o mua nga wahi katoa. takaro ia he tūranga nui i roto i tenei, me te wāteatanga o te rauemi. hanga Wood whare, takai miro hua me te muka, taonga tākaro me cradles, patu me arcs. I nga wa katoa i roto i Russia, i tukinotia e ia ki te kororia nui. tamata te Kaiwhakaako ki matau te wairua kopakia ana i roto i te wahi o te rakau, me te hanga rā ranei ahanoa tapu, whakatuwhera reira rite nui rite taea, kahore te tāpiri rawa nui i koe.

whakaaro whakairo nuinga mohio Novgorod. kua I te rohe o te pa tawhito etahi wa i mua i te tohu faahiahia o te hoahoanga rakau kua kitea: te tīwae utu, teiti i te rau tau 11. whakapaipai te roa katoa o reira te ki whakairo, auaha e kore toutou.

tikanga wareware

Ko maha Ka rite ki te take, me te haerenga mai o ngā rauemi hou me te hangarau tawhitotia memeha mohio ki te whakamārama, i ētahi wā tino ngaro, i ētahi wā noho anake i roto i te puka o ngā tūemi onge kore ngaro i te wa. rawakore tokomaha mahi Kievan Rus i tenei ara. Hei tauira, i tenei ra, e mohio ana torutoru iwi e ki te rakau whakairo, e tu ana i runga i te mahi Karaitiana, whakamahia kore anake waihanga whakapaipai roto, o waho o te roto hahi. hanga Masters iconostasis me Kyoto - te reira meka tino pai-mohiotia. Ngaro i roto i Time Art ata rakau. I runga i te hanganga o whakapakoko tapu whakamahi iti rawa te mohiotia i tenei ra whakairo.

Stone kaimahi koura

Mahi toi i roto i Russia kua e pā ana ki te momo o ngā rauemi tohaina i te rohe o te whakataunga Eastern Silaví. Hei tapiri mo nga whakahuatia kua, whakamahia te ariki te kohatu. e kore he iho i roto i te huatau me te ataahua o fakatupu rakau hua i hanga o reira. Stone whakairo whare whakapaipai, maha hanga o ma pākeho, ūkui mapere ranei. He wā tutaki ia i runga i ngā kaupapa iti. I roto i Russia, heru wheua, me ata kua tohaina. mahi Masters i te hanganga o whakapakoko iti o te hunga tapu. Ka taea te mau ēnei ata huri noa te kaki, e iri ana i runga i te here. E mea pinepine, te whakairo i runga i ngā tāpa kohatu kīnaki i te hahi.

Ko te tūranga o te rangatira

mahi toi Ancient i roto i Russia utu rerekē. E wehea ratou ki e rua ngā rōpū. E te wehi i titiro whakapaipai (goldsmithery), pakihi peita icon me te torutoru ētahi atu. I roto i te "paru" no, pērā i uku.

I roto i te nuinga o te wā, mahi te ariki ki te tono. no kaimahi i te wa ano ki te whenei rerekē o te hapori. I roto i nga pa e taea e koe Farerei Tāutaha rangatira. i whai wāhi ratou i roto i te parakimete, pakihi whakapaipai, whakairo me iconography. Nga rangatira me boyars whatianga, whenua me whenua i ora ai kaimahi ririki me pononga. taea Various artists e kitea i roto i te monasteries.

Creation o ringa wahine

Ko te reira i roto i te monasteries tino whakawhanakehia taua mahi toi tawhito o Russia rite tuitui me te raranga. E mahi ana ratou i te wahine. rangatira Hua o taua wa, me te i ēnei rā te haruraa i ki tona ataahua. Papanga hanga i Hemp, harakeke huruhuru ranei. Kua riro te tukanga whakaputa mea nui māmā i muri i te ahua o te mea whatu whakapae. ¶ A i te tahuri o nga rau tau 12 me te 13.

I tauira momo Common o ngira wahine raranga: Bran, ngira i runga i te koaka, "pakihi hiraka pyalichnoe" (Vshivkov ki piroria), me te pera i runga i. E nga rangatira whakapaipai ki tauira ngā o oko hahi me tūemi whare. Old kaihokohoko te ngira Russian maha kaweake ki ētahi atu whenua. He Kei te koa hoki faahiahia ao.

he heke rangitahi

wā pua i roto i te hītori o te nuinga o maha whakakapia te i runga i nga tau, me te tahi mau taime mau tenetere o te pirau. Ko reira i roto i te āhua taua he mahi toi o Russia o te rau tau 14, i roto i te faatîtîraa tino tonu o te khans Mongol-Tatar. Kua mate rangatira tokomaha i roto i nga pakanga i roto i te ngana ki te tiaki i to ratou pa. I roto i te oraraa i roto i Russia o te ioka Mongol-Tatar mutu tata rawa te whanaketanga o te mahi whakapaipai, mutu hanga o tohu, nohoanga me te granulation. E kore iti pāngia me ētahi atu mahi toi. Heoi, ka timata te whakaoranga o toi tono i roto i te, te rau tau i muri 15.

koa tonu i ano

I waenganui i 15 me 17 rautau ko te wa o te āhua Russian hou e whakakaha ana. Center o te United rangatiratanga ko Moscow. mahi toi Ancient vai i roto i Russia mo senituli, ka anga ki te riro ano whakauka. Mohio rapua ki te karapotia koe ki tūemi fakaofoofa, papai, me te taonga. Ki te marae o te rangatira, a ka te kingi, huihuia kaimahi mahi i roto i te whakairo kohatu, me te rakau, te raranga me te mea whakairo, pakihi whakapaipai.

riro Development me koloa-moni whanaunga. Ko te mutunga o mahi toi i roto i Russia i te rau tau 16 kua riro te puna nui o moni mo nga tangata o nga pa maha. Āta i hanga toi kāinga me mahi toi. Ko te matamua i roto ia ratou puta i roto i 16-17 senituli i roto i te Tokotoru-Herekiu Monastery. Here rave te ariki i roto i te whakairo, me te wheua, a muri puta me ha'uti ika.

whetu ao

I muri i te rau tau 15, kaha timata ki te whanake tata katoa mahi i roto i Russia. Hoki ngā tamariki rawa waia roto ratou Khokhloma peita me tākaro Dymkovo. He tino paingia, i roto i to tatou whenua e kore e anake, engari ki waho ano hoki enei momo o mahi toi me ngā, me tenei ra.

Khokhloma mahi taonga i roto i Russia rau tau 17. Tenei ahua o te peita whakamahia ki te whakapaipai i ngā oko rakau , me te taonga. Ko pai te mōhiotia Khokhloma tika ki te tae tuku iho: whero, pango me te matomato i runga i te papamuri koura. ko matou rangatira o peita ratou mea ngaro. Hei tauira, mō te whakamārama i runga i te rakau e kore e te takoto paura koura, me te ranunga o te tine, me te hiriwa. Kei te ka hipokina e te hua ki te pūhui motuhake, me te tunu i roto i te rave rahi taime oumu. Ko te kupu te whakatutuki i te reira i te parauri koura e hiahiatia ana. Khokhloma peita tonu tino e hipokina te hua i runga i te rakau e kore i whai nui.

Bright me ahurei

Ko tētahi atu rongonui mahi toi, e ahu āhua i tenei wā - i te reira Dymkovo ha'uti. Ko tōna ingoa riro ia i te wahi o te take. I rongonui hoki tona paru whero whakataunga Kirov Dymkovo. I roto i te ao i reira he kore hua rite te takawairore kanapa, me te harakoa. Te mea faahiahia, Ko tino ohie te hangarau production, me te whakapakoko, ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e hanga e koe koe.

e kore e mahi toi o Russia tahito wareware i tenei ra. i taea e ara mea koe e he ratou he wāhanga hou o te whanaketanga. moni whakahou anō i roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho iwi o tawhito: te whakapono, kākahu, tikanga, me toi me mahi toi. Mahi toi kaha ako rite ki te makehe tika i roto i ngā whare wānanga, me ona ake. Crafts pai tenei ra i roto i te tono nui, engari no te mea koa tahuri te ariki ki te mahi tuku iho. Te hangarau i roto i tenei take te whakamamaetia he momo o huringa: te whakamahi o tito hou, peita, turanga me te whakatika, i roto i ētahi wā - taputapu hiko. I te tahi atu te ringa, i roto i ētahi wā, he tikanga o te whakaputa tonu te katoa tonu.

Me kï reira e te ako o te pātai o te mea ahua o mahi whakawhanakehia i roto i Russia, he mea nui mō te mahara ki te tikanga Russian taketake, e tauturu te reira ki te ite i te wairua. Ko te whakaoranga o te moni i roto i tenei kaupapa whakaatu te hāngaitanga o taua tukanga. Ka taea e tatou te mea e te mahi i roto i Russia (whakaahua o ngā hua i roto i te whānuitanga o te whakakī i te Internet, anake haapapu te reira), e ora tonu, ka haere tonu ki te whakawhanake.