He aha te mea i runga i te taha ki hoki o te marama? He aha kei raorao i te taha ki hoki o te marama? He aha te mea i runga i te taha moana o te marama?

I roto i te kotahi mano e iwa rau e rima tekau-iwa tau o te Union o lepupilika Sōsialisi Soviet mo te wa tuatahi i roto i te ao ki te whakaatu iwi e ko i te taha ki hoki o te marama. tangohia nga pikitia i ki te teihana interplanetary aunoa "Luna-3» (Lunik-3). I roto i te wāhi e whae ātea whakarewahia Oketopa 4 ki te awhina o te tākirirangi kawe "Vostok-L."

Whakatūpato! Pōtae!

whakapakoko ahurei AMC "tonoa" i toru haora i roto i te ata Oketopa 7, 1959. Te fariiraa i tohu hua Simeiz Observatory (kaiwawao inaianei Crimean Astrophysical Observatory). Ngā momo o "taha e kitea o te marama", whakawhitia ki te whenua, taupokina te tawhiti 483 000 km.

Titiro i nga whakapakoko te peroo, he tokomaha miharo "i te wahi": ko reira i te taha o te marama? Ae, he rawakore te kounga whakapakoko, engari kua keri ratou! riro te tika ki te karanga i te tuwhera i runga i te mata o te whakaurunga amiorangi tata rangatira USSR Research.

e matau ana te ao katoa te mea kei te moana kei i runga i te taha hoki o te marama - Moscow. Wāhanga o reira, kurae hohonu ki te whenua, ka karanga te Gulf o astronauts. Ko te rua, ko te pā ana ki 60 maero (96.5 km) i ia ko te ingoa o Ahorangi Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, pionie o cosmonautics, e mate i roto i te tau 1935. Hiwi e tata ana te weheruatanga whakapehapeha whakatangi rite i te Soviet. wahi pouri tata te rohe o nga wahi e kitea ana, me te kitea o te marama, ko te Moana o Dreams. Kua tāutuhia e waru puka nui.

Te taurite whanaunga

Tiamana o te Kaunihera Arorangi o te Academy o Sciences, Ahorangi Alexander Mikhailov (1888-1983), e korero ana i runga i Radio Moscow, ka mea te taurite whanaunga o te taha tawhiti o te marama. te whakaaro ia e nga arorangi me tohunga pūtaiao i ki te whakamārama i te āhuatanga, e, kahore he feaa, e tika ana ki te pātai o te takenga o te mahere whenua kaupeka.

Tapeke o 6 ki te 7 Oketopa Camera teihana aunoa interplanetary "Luna-3" i hanga 29 pikitia. taputapu katoa, tae atu ataata, mahi rite tohu mana i te whenua, a ki te supply o ngā pūrere onboard. wā tīpakohia i runga i te tūranga o te ra pihinga. Rite mō te manga photo ko AMC i waenganui i te whakamarama me te marama. Na ka whakahaere ahau ki te tango 70 ōrau huna i rohe tangata.

I mua ki taua kawea i roto i rua atu whakarewatanga: te pee'utari "Luna-1" rerenga mua, ka ngaro ana ki te marae. "Luna 2" hinga ki te mata o te "Kuini o te Po." Ki te kahore e mahi i enei teihana hanganga matatini rawa i roto i ngā mahi pērā i ngā pūrere whakaputa mo te ohuraa interplanetary, tikanga o te pupuri i te reo irirangi, ka pera ki runga ki. Meatia D. katoa i roto i te tikanga ki te whakamahi i ratou i taea korero te taata ki te whakawhirinaki i te mea i runga i te taha ki hoki Moon.

whakakitea ngaro

"Luna-3" i tino hoahoa hou: te taputapu o ngā pūrere o te takotoranga inaianei, pea, e kia huaina "pūnaha Glonass"; mahi AMC i runga i awhi solar. I pau te rā Whakarewa ki te huritau o te rere o te amiorangi Earth horihori tuatahi i tukua ki ohuraa Oketopa 4, 1957. He ko he revolution tūturu i roto i te hōpara ātea hanga whenua nui o te USSR.

"A haapii" te whakatika amiorangi e ko i te taha ki hoki o te marama, hiahia photo kairangahau ki te tiki atu i te 29 nga wahi. E te ara, ara rerekē o whakaahua i te whakapakoko, ahakoa te kounga e kore e nui rawa, e taea te whiwhi anake i te kāmera ki te spotlighting. Te tuku i te raupapa tuatahi o faufaa "whakaahua", ohorere mutu te teihana ki te tuku mōhiohio.

Ko te nuinga pea tenei e tika ana ki te meka i roto i te tuku o te mōhiohio, he mate nga pākahiko (ranei pea i reira ko tetahi tutukinga ki te meteorite?). Pea, tahuna te kōwae i roto i te huru i roto i te puna o 1960 (engari i taea e ka ora tae noa ki 1962). Heoi, kua te mea ngaro i faatiti'aifarohia.

himene o te hurihanga

He aha te he tonu te ao kitea i whenua i tetahi taha anake? No te mea o tenei, e kore e taea ki te mohio he aha te mea i runga i te taha ki hoki o te marama! takoto te take i roto i te meka e rave Selena ohuraa huri noa te whenua i roto i te wā kotahi i roto i nei tahuri te whenua i runga i tona tuaka. Axial me hurihanga orbital ko 27.3 ra. puta Traffic tukutahi e pā ana ki 4 piriona tau ki muri.

Ko te faaiteraa "te taha pouri o te marama", kua āhua reira (e kitea, na, uhia iho). I roto i te meka, turama te ra to tatou "hoa whaiāipo" i taha katoa whakanoho. I kotahi te whakaaro te reira e te synchronism huringa o te whenua , me te marama - he āhuatanga ahurei.

Kua whakamatauria rangahau tata e tahuri tata katoa te āmiorangi nui o nga aorangi tenei ara. E whakatutuki ratou ki tona "housewife" i tetahi taha. E whakaatu ana tēnei tauira āhuatanga o te āhua o te whanaketanga noa o te ture i roto i te mana i roto i te ao. Ka taea e ratou takahi arahi ki hopearaa ohorere.

iti Moray

Taha o te marama, i reira he? Te moana! E rave rahi ua taua ara. I muri i te katoa, te iwi o te wahi e kitea o te "toronaihi" te hunga e kore e tatau! Ratou e kore tino e titiro ki te whenua - ko te nui rerenga rangitoto tawhito tenei. I te taha ki hoho'a e nui iti ratou, ahakoa e te mea he, kia whakawhānui i te wāhi i runga i te mata katoa o te ao, pera i belting reira reira (Franz ariā).

Ano, whakatuwheratia i roto i te 1959 i roto i te Moana Moscow (noho i te rohe o te Moscow Region) me he tino ataahua i roto i te rahi moe. miharo nga kairangahau: He te whenua o nga rōpū kia rerekē? Te aha?

Hei kitea nga pahonoraa, e hiahiatia ana ake i roto i-hohonu ako. tonu Rangahau i roto i tau 1965. Station "Uiuia 3" haere ki te mata kaupeka. kihai mauruuru hipokina mua aunoa ona "kanohi" ia wāhi, te taua 30 ōrau. I tino whakapumautia te karawhiti o te rōpū.

Maunga me te maha ngā piere

Na, i runga i te "mata" o Selena nuinga te moana, me e i te taha hoki o te marama? He te wā e maunga me ngā piere o. Dissimilarity whakamārama etahi te ariā o te kowhititanga marama e rua, me te coexistence rangimarie i mutu ake te he iti ascenceur ki te tetahi nui.

I muri e rua integrated taha tukatuka whakaahua o te marama hopu whakaahua u e te kitea te marama rohe "haurua" (ratou - te raki me te fenua tonga) e puru ¯¯. Tenei te tikanga e reira ko te whakangungu rakau continental kākahu. Moana - he taonga i roto i te fenua, te whakakī hohonu nga depressions me whānui kirinuku o te marama.

E hoki ki nga mea ngaro illuminance o te natura - Selena, ko reira ia tapao e reira he nooks te wahi te reira tonu pouri. Hei tauira, e kore te hohonu taua piere o e te rā tae ratou raro. Ko taea e i roto i te pouri mure ore o putu putunga nui o te tio e taea kia kōmakatia tangata rite NC (supply ohotata).

Observatory kaupeka

Ko taea e i roto i ngā taiao taea te penapena supply rangi me te tākirirangi wahie. Ko te taha ki tawhiti o te marama kei te fakanatula tiakina i ngaru irirangi o te whenua - he wāhi tino pai mo te Observatory radiosensitive ki te tūhura ngā piere o kapakapa.

Ko te whakahoki ki te pātai e pā ana ki te mea kei runga i te taha raorao o te marama? Tonga Te Hau-ā-uru! Na, i roto i te tahi mau papai i te poka Koinei Pou Tonga - Aitken. Ko te whārua tino mīharo kapu-āhua i te mata o Selene - rite te whānuitanga maunga te rua Aitken, titiro. He he raro āhua papatahi, karapotia e te take mowhiti-āhua whakaarahia. Ko te ahanoa hora hohonu 2250 kiromita i roto i ngā wāhi rerekē 8-16 kiromita.

Ki te whakaaro ki te kaupapa matua o te Soviet Union i te ingoa o te puka whenua kaupeka, te whenua nui i mahue i roto i te mahara o whakatupuranga o earthlings whai ingoa: piere o: Kurchatov, Mendeleev, Popov, Sklodowska-Curie, Gagarin, Korolev, me ētahi atu Well, te Moscow Moana Dreams ..