Ko te ariā tukanga me hikoinga o institutionalization. Institutionalization i roto i Russia. Institutionalization - reira ...

ora Public - he ariā maha ngaa tuumomo aronga. Heoi, ko te ahunga whakamua o te hapori Russian, rite kite tatou i te aamu, tei runga i te kounga puritia i roto i reira i te tukanga hinengaro auaha motuhake. He aha te mea institutionalization? whakawhanakehia tenei whakahaere ā-iwi hapori papa'iraa irava o tukanga pāpori. Instrument Society protrude whakawhanakehia mātauranga hinengaro - pūtahi ki te hoahoa mahi hanganga auau pūmau, ngā āhuatanga mahi. Tetahi poi o te ora tūmatanui - tōrangapū, ōhanga, ture, mōhiohio, ahurea - ki te whakarāpopoto i te ahunga whakamua o te hapori, me te ki streamline te tukanga.

Tauira o institutionalization te, hei tauira, whakapumautia te Pāremata i runga i te pūtake o te tangata whakaminenga; Kura, ö i te mahi o te tino kaitoi, artist, kaikanikani, philosopho; haapa'oraa e rā ona takenga mai i te kauwhau o nga poropiti. Ko te kupu, ko te institutionalization - ko, o te akoranga, i tona matua, - tono.

Puritia reira rite te whakakapinga o maha whanonga takitahi kotahi - whānui whakaritea. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te huānga hoahoa o tenei tukanga, whakawhanakehia e te sociologists, tikanga pāpori, ture, statuses me tūranga - kei te mahi institutionalize te tikanga whakatau pēhi hiahia pāpori.

institutionalization Russian

kia mohio te reira e whakaratohia he turanga ōhanga pono pono institutionalization i Russia i te rau tau hou. tupu production Engari. Ki te ū te pūnaha tōrangapū "mahi" ture, he wehenga mahi o-ture, whakahaere, rāngai ture, haere noa o te ngā whakarato te pūtake mō taua whanaketanga.

Mua, ka mau te institutionalization o te kāwanatanga Russian te whai i ēnei:

• Ko te tuatahi (1991-1998 gg.) - te whakawhitinga i te tikanga Soviet.
• Ko te tuarua (1998-2004 gg.) - huringa i roto i te tauira o te hapori i oligarchic ki te kāwanatanga-capitalist.
• Ko te tuatoru (2005-2007 gg.) - hanganga o ngā pūtahi whai hua o te hapori.
• Ko te tuawha (i 2008) - atamira, āhuatanga e te whai wāhitanga whai hua o te whakapaipai tangata.

I roto i Russia reira ko te tauira elitist o manapori, whāiti te tokomaha o te iwi kaha whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga tōrangapū, e hāngai ana ki te mentality Russian, te mana e kiia o ngā ngākau nuitanga kāwanatanga i runga i te ngākau nuitanga o te takitahi. Te faufaa taketake hapori ā-whiriwhiri kaupapa here tautoko.

kia mohio te reira e te take whāiti hoki te whanaketanga ko te tuku iho, mātauranga i roto i te "hikareia" 90 tau o te nihilism ture o te taupori. Otiia i roto i te hapori whakamōhio parau tumu hou o te manapori. Ko te institutionalization o te mana i roto i Russia arahina ki te meka e kua wehea nga pūtahi tōrangapū i runga i te mana kore anake, engari ano hoki i runga i te whai wāhitanga o te pūtahi. I tēnei wā, ko te tūranga o te muri. Kua whakatutukitia e ratou te pānga i runga i etahi āhuatanga o te ahunga whakamua o te hapori.

Ko te poi o mana o te mana, ko te taupori katoa o te whenua. I roto i te pūtahi tōrangapū matua ngā te State ano, hapori ā-. Ko te taa o te institutionalization Russian ko tona styling ki te ngākau nuitanga o te whanaketanga o te whenua o. Ehara i te mea whai hua tonu konei he matapo ki te kawemai whare Western, na institutionalization i roto i Russia - he tukanga auaha.

Institutionalization me pāpori whakanōhanga

He nui rite te mea ao whakakotahi tautooraa o te iwi maha e noho ana i roto i ngā rohe rerekē o te Kotahitanga mo te tohatoha ikeiketanga o ngā rauemi, me te utu o te hapori Russian pūtahi pāpori, me te institutionalization.

Hei tauira, ngā te institution kāwanatanga te mana ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o te tau mōrahi o tangata. Institute mo ture regulates te hononga i waenganui i te iwi me te kāwanatanga, me te takitahi, me te hapori rite te katoa. Institute o te whakapono āwhina iwi ki te whai whakapono, te tikanga o te ora, o te pono.

Enei whare Ko te turanga o te hapori ā-. E hangaia ratou e nga hiahia o te hapori, i te mea tūturu i roto i te faaiteraa papatipu o te parau mau o te oraraa.

Mai i te wāhi ōkawa o te tirohanga o te whare pāpori taea te māngai rite te "pūnaha tūranga", e hāngai ana i runga i nga tūranga me te mana o nga mema o ngā o te hapori. I te wa ano, mahi i roto i te āhua e hānga ana, nga whare Russian ki te riro te whaitake mōrahi meake ki te whakakotahi i te huinga mōrahi o ngā kōrero tuku iho, ngā tikanga, morare me paerewa matatika. Ture me te mana o whanaunga tūmatanui kawea atu e nga pūtahi, te raveraa i tikanga ture, me te pāpori e kua hāngai ki enei tuku iho me ngā tikanga.

Ko te tino nui mō te kakama mōrahi hoki te mentality Russian whakaū i te whakahaere ōkawa i roto i te mahi o te whare ōpaki.

Ko te āhuatanga motuhake o te pūtahi e tauturu i roto i te whānuitanga o te ora pāpori o te whenua ki te whakatau i to ratou wātea, he maha momo pūmau o taunekeneke, rite ture o ngaahi fatongia e pā ana, me te tikanga o to ratou mahi, te aroaro i roto i te āhua o "kuiti" tohunga whakaakona i roto i te kōtaha.

He aha e taea e huaina te pūtahi pāpori tefito i roto i te sotaiete i teie mahana? mohiotia te rārangi kei te: whānau, te hauora, mātauranga, tiaki pāpori, pakihi, hahi, pāpāho papatipu. ahakoa Institutsionizirovany ratou? Kei te mohiotia te reira i e i roto i ia o enei tohutohu i roto i te kāwanatanga i reira ko te mahi minita hāngai, i te mea te "matamata" o te peka tēnā, e hipokina rohe. Ko te pūnaha rohe o te mana whakahaere ki te whakarite i ngā mana e tika ana, e whakahaeretia tika i nga kaihaka, me te te akiaki o te ari pāpori e hāngai ana.

rōpū tōrangapū me ratou institutionalization

timata Institutionalization o ngā rōpū tōrangapū i roto i te tikanga o taua mea o nāianei i muri te Pakanga II o te Ao. Mō tona hanganga e taea te mea e whai wāhi ai te institutionalization o tōrangapū, me te ture. Tōrangapū whakaraupapa me aa te mau tautooraa o tangata ki te whakatū i ngā rōpū tōrangapū. kaiwhakau Ture te mana ā-ture me ngā mahi. E hoki ngā take nui te wero ki te whakarite mārama pūtea i roto i ngā mahi rōpū, me nga ture o tona pāhekoheko ki te mahi, me te āhua.

tāuta Regulatory tūnga whānui ture o nga rōpū katoa (i roto i te rōpū kāwanatanga me ētahi atu) me te takitahi mana pāpori o ia (e whakaata te rauemi me te tūranga i roto i te hapori).

noho nga mahi, me te mana o ngā rōpū hou ture. I roto i Russia, te raruraru o te institutionalization o rōpū e āhei te ture e hānga ana motuhake "I ngā rōpū tōrangapū". E ai ki a ia i hanga te rōpū i roto i ngā huarahi e rua: rānei te Congress taketake o te panoni kaupapa (whakahaere tūmatanui).

Ko te āhua regulates te mahi o nga rōpū, ara nga tika me mau ohipa, mahi, whai wāhitanga i roto i ngā pōtitanga, ngā mahi pūtea, hononga ki ngā pokapū kāwanatanga, mahi ao, me te wä.

whakaritenga fakangatangata ko: natula Russian o te rōpū, te tokomaha o ngā mema, Non-wä, kore-fakalotú, natula kore-motu o te whakahaere (neke atu i te 50 ths.).

whakaratohia Representation o ngā rōpū i roto i te ture e ngā rōpū o kaitohutohu pōtitia i roto ia ratou (hautau).

tautuhi hoki te ture i te tuakiri ture o ngā rōpū: whakahaere, ā, ture, me te ture.

Ko te institutionalization o pakanga

Kia tahuri tatou ki te hītori. Ko te institutionalization o te pakanga rite te āhuatanga pāpori kua kite i ona takenga mai i roto i nga ra wawe o whanaunga capitalist. Hau kaimahi o whenua e ngā kaipupuri whenua nui, te huringa o to ratou mana pāpori i roto i te proletarians, papā puta piha bourgeois, a e kore e hiahia ana ki te waiho i te tūranga o te rangatira.

I roto i ngā o te ture o te institutionalization pakanga - he taumira o e rua pakanga: ko te ahumahi me te tōrangapū. whakaritea Papā o kaitukumahi me kaimahi e te Institute o kirimana ohu ki te uniana, tango ki pūkete nga ngākau nuitanga o kaimahi e utua ana. Ko te pakanga mo te mana o te hapori e whakaaetia te tikanga pōti.

Ko te kupu, ko te institutionalization o te pakanga ko te taputapu haumaru mō te pūnaha whakaaetanga me pauna pāpori.

whakaaro Public me tona institutionalization

whakaaro Public Ko te hua o te ngā i waenganui i rāngai rerekē o te taupori, ngā rōpū tōrangapū, pūtahi pāpori, pāpori whatunga me pāpāho. Kua nui haere nga akiakinga o whakaaro tūmatanui tino whakawhetai ki te Internet, te tauwhiti, flash taata iino.

Kua hanga te institutionalization o whakaaro tūmatanui i te whakahaere motuhake, ako whakawākanga whakaaro tūmatanui o wāhanga, matapae i te putanga o te pōtitanga. Ēnei whakahaere kohikohi, ako ngā, me te hanga i whakaaro tūmatanui hou. kia mohio te reira e te maha tītaha te ako taua ka hāngai i runga i ngā tauira rītaha.

Kia aroha mai, E faahuru ź hanganga ōhanga ōpaki te ariā o "institutionalization o whakaaro tūmatanui." I roto i tenei take, e kore e kitea whakaritenga me hiahia o te nuinga o te iwi iteraa i roto i te tōrangapū tūturu o te kāwanatanga. Tümanako, i waenganui i te pai ai o te iwi, me te whakatinana i kia waiho hei kōrero hāngai, me te mārama i roto i te Pāremata. E hiahiatia ana rangatira pōtitia ki te mahi ki te whakaaro tūmatanui mā te tango tere te mahi ture e tika ana.

mahi pāpori, me te institutionalization

I te mutunga o XIX - wawe rau XX i roto i te hapori Pākehā Western tika ki ahumahi me te whai wāhi i roto i te hanga pāpori o te momo o ngā rōpū ka whakatika Institute o Social Work. Ko te nuinga i runga i ngā hua pāpori me te mau utuafare kaimahi āwhina '. āhuatanga tčnei wā whiwhi mahi pāpori āhua kihai i āwhina faka'ekonōmika kua taunga ki te tikanga o te ora mo te iwi.

mahi Social, i runga i te kaupapa o tona whakatinanatanga rānei ko te āhua, tūmatanui, me te whakauru. tari Kāwanatanga ngā te Tāhuhu o Social Kaupapa me ona tari ä-rohe, tari rohe, te taviniraa i te iwi hapori rawakore. whakaratohia āwhina te ki etahi mema o o te hapori. Ko reira auau,-wā tonu kawea kaimahi pāpori i roto i, ka hāngai ki runga ki te pūtea. whakamana Public rite te mahi pāpori tūao e tūao, me te maha kōhikohiko. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te whakaaro, he whai hua te nuinga ka konatunatua kē, e fakataha kāwanatanga me te tūmatanui ona āhua i te institutionalization o te mahi pāpori.

Ngā wāhanga o te institutionalization o te ōhanga atarangi

Tukanga institutionalization poetapen. Na nga wāhanga katoa o tona wahi - paerewa. Ko te take pakiaka o tenei tukanga me i te wa ano ko reira te hiahia ki te homai i te pūtake mo te whakatinanatanga o nei te mea e tika ana ki te whakarite i te mahi o te iwi. Haere mai te ara ihoa. A feruri i te institutionalization o te wāhanga i roto i te hanganga o te inisititiutí kino pērā i te "ōhanga atarangi".

• Stage ahau - hiahia ahua. Kaperuatia whakawhitinga pūtea (pērā i te kaweake o whakapaipai, te haki,) o āpiha ōhanga takitahi (mai te-doma 90. Rautau whakamutunga) riro te whanui, me te pūnahanaha.
• II atamira - te hanganga o ngā whāinga motuhake, me te taviniraa i to ratou Māoritanga whakatinanatanga. kia te whakaaro, mo te tauira, kia whakatakoto e whai ake: "Ko te hanga o te pūnaha ōhanga," e kitea "mo te Mana State. Te hanga i te āhuarangi i roto i te hapori te wahi i te tika ki te faatiaraa i te hunga i roto i te mana. "
• III atamira - te hanganga o tikanga pāpori me ngā ture. E tuatahi whakaturia ēnei paerewa nga ture whakahaere i te "ofi" o te mana ki te whakahaere i te iwi ( "pūnaha Byzantine o te mana"). Heoi, ko te "kore te raveraa i-" ture pāpori e akina hinonga pakihi ki "haere i raro i te tuanui o" hanganga poriro mau faaohiparaa i te mahi ture, i te ture ngaro.
• Wāhanga IV - te ahua o nga āhuatanga paerewa e pā ana ki te ture. Hei tauira, te mahi o "mahi tiaki" iwi kaha nga ope haumaru, te mahi o te taupoki ture mo kaipahua, haki, o Finance i raro i nga kirimana tekateka noa iho, te haamauraa i i "kickbacks" pūnaha pūtea pūtea.
• Wāhanga V - te tono mahi o ngā ture me ngā mahi. he atarangi āta waihanga tahuri kore e pokapū pānuitia i roto i te press mōhiohio. mahi ratou ki etahi kiritaki tauwhiro wā roa-. He iti te ōrau o te faafariuraa i roto i a ratou, pai whakataetae ratou ki whakahaere e pā ana faafariu. Tētahi atu au: te utu atarangi, e moni ki 15-80%.
• Wāhanga VI - hanganga o te pūnaha o aukati ki te tiaki i te hanganga taihara. Karauna tūranga rangatira tūmatanui whakapaipai mō ngā ratonga pakihi. Ratou, enei rangatira, te "ture", whiunga ia hoki "te tūtara", no te "pakaru morare". E puta whakahaeretia tinana tika ā tangata me mana tāke ki tūmataiti "kapa" iwi kaha.
• Wāhanga VII - atarangi mana poutū. tahuri āpiha ratou hua o te kaha i roto i te ora o ratou mahi pakihi. manatü Power me tari o te rōia hāmene te mau taratahi i te mahi tiaki o ngā ngākau nuitanga o te iwi. Judges, whakarato kaupapa here o mana-rohe, me te reira te "whangai ake" ki reira.

Ko te tukanga o te institutionalization, rite kite tatou, he ao i roto i ngā o ona wāhanga taketake. Na reira, e mea faufaa e kia i raro ia ki pāpori ngākau nuitanga hua, me te tika o te hapori. Institute o te ōhanga atarangi, ähua te kounga o te ora o tangata noa, ka e whakakorea'inisititiutí te tikanga o te ture.

Sociology me institutionalization

hapori rangahau Sociology rite te pūnaha pütahitanga matatini tango ki pūkete ona pūtahi pāpori me whanaunga i waenganui ia ratou, whanaunga me hapori. E whakaatu ana Sociology te hapori i roto i ngā o ona tikanga ā-me akiaki o ratou whanaketanga, te whanonga o ngā rōpū nui o te iwi, me te, i roto i te tua, te pāhekoheko o te tangata me te hapori. E whakarato ana i a whakamārama te mauri o tītohu pāpori me te whanonga o tangata, me te kohikohi me te tātari raraunga oraraa totiare tuatahi.

Institutionalization o Sociology faaite te mauri roto o tenei pūtaiao, ngā tukanga tono pāpori ki statuses me tūranga, whāinga ia ki te whakarite mahi faufaa o te hapori. Na reira, i reira te mea he āhuatanga: pāpori ano taka i raro i te whakamāramatanga o te Institute.

Ngā wāhanga o Development Sociology

He maha ngā wāhanga motuhake i roto i te whanaketanga o te pāpori rite te ao hou o te pūtaiao.

• E pā ana te wāhanga tuatahi ki te 30-s o te rau tau XIX, ko reira te tumu parau o te tohatoha, me te tikanga o tenei pūtaiao i te tangata tohe French Auguste Comte.
• Ko te tuarua - "wa whakahaere" o kupu pūtaiao, te rironga o ngā tohunga tohu, whakahaere o te utu pūtaiao o ngā mōhiohio whakahaere.
• Tuatoru - kitea ratou hei wāhanga o te kaupapa o "sociologists".
• A maha - te hanga o te kura oraraa totiare, me te whakahaere o te hautaka pūtaiao tuatahi "oraraa totiare Yearbook". no te kaiaka nui rawa ki te French pūtaiao-sociologist Emile Durkheim i te University Sorbonne. Heoi, motu ke i tenei, i whakatuwheratia te Tari o Sociology i University Columbia (1892)
• Kua rima o te atamira, he ahua o "āhukahuka" o te kāwanatanga, kua te whakataki o tino oraraa totiare i roto i te kāwanatanga rēhita ngaio. Ko te kupu, kua hopea mohio hapori pāpori.

I roto i nga tau 60 o te pāpori American riro haumi capitalist nui. Ka rite ki te hua, i nui haere te maha o sociologists American ki 20,000, me nga taitara o ngā tānga o hautaka oraraa totiare - tangohia ki 30. Pūtaiao kua te tūranga tika i roto i te hapori.

I roto i te pāpori Soviet i ora ai i muri i te Oketopa Revolution i roto i 1968 - i te Moscow State University. Houra tari o te rangahau oraraa totiare. I roto i 1974 ka haere mai te hautaka tuatahi, a i roto i te tau 1980 i roto i te rēhita ngaio o te whenua tomo te tikanga oraraa totiare.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te pāpori i roto i Russia, he reira utu te whakahua whakatuwheratia i roto i te 1989 i Moscow State University Tari o Sociology. Ia "i hoatu he kamata i roto i te ora" 20 mano sociologists.

Ko te kupu, ko te institutionalization - ko te tukanga i roto i Russia, i tangohia e wahi, engari ki te roa - i roto i te pā ana ki France me te United States - mo te rau tau.

mutunga

I roto i te sotaiete i teie mahana mahi reira maha pūtahi, kahore he rauemi, me te i roto i te feruriraa o te iwi. Ratou mātauranga, institutionalization, ko te tukanga akiaki, me te mita. E whakakapi pūtahi tawhitotia i te hunga hou, i hanga e te hiahia pāpori matua: kōrero, production, tohatoha, haumarutanga, te pupuri ngā rerekētanga pāpori, te whakatūnga o te mana pāpori.