Ko te Great War Patriotic 1941-1945: he whakarāpopoto. Ko te feat o te iwi Soviet i roto i te pakanga ki fascism

Mai te timatanga o Mahuru 1939 mutu te wā poto-ora o te rongo mau i waenganui i rua nga pakanga nui o te rau tau rua tekau. E rua tau i muri mai, i raro i te ture o Nasí Germany ko reira he wahi nui o Europe ki te hanga me te rauemi pūmanawa nui.

He patu kaha i ki te kawe ki raro, te Soviet Union, mo e te nui Patriotic War (1941-1945). Whakarāpopototanga Matua o tenei wā i roto i te aamu o te Soviet Union kore e taea e faaite i te tauine o te mauiui whakamanawanui e te iwi Soviet me mo tona itoito.

I runga i te mahana o te mau tamataraa hōia

Ko te whakaoranga o te mana Tiamana, wenewene nga hua o te Ao Tuatahi (1914-1918), ki fakaaoao i haere mai i reira ki te rōpū i roto i te mana i te matenga o te rewera Adolf Hitler, me ona Māoritanga o painga iwi hanga te riri o te pakanga hou mo te Union ake me te ake tūturu Soviet. Na roto i te mutunga o nga o te 30, e piki ngoto enei whakaaro ki roto ki te iwi, kei te mārama atu matau ai, me te rangatira katoa-kaha o te whenua nui, Stalin.

I te whakarite i te whenua. Iwi ka mahue i te pae hanga i roto i te wahi ki te rawhiti o te whenua, i roto i Siberia me nga Urals hanga wheketere hōia - huaruatia ahumahi i i te rohe ki te hauauru. I roto i haumi te ahumahi korero tino nui ngā rauemi pūtea, tangata me te pūtaiao atu ture. Hei whakanui i nga hua o te mahi i roto i nga pa, me i roto i te ahuwhenua whakamahia wä (ngā Stakhanov) me taputapu whakahaere mārō (ture repressive i runga i te ako i roto i te wheketere, me te i runga i pāmu ngātahi).

ko Reform o te ope te whakatamarikitanga o te ture i runga i te māperetanga ao (1939) whakaurua te whakangungu hōia whānui. Ko roto i te hōia, karapu hekerangi, ka anga aero-karapu i Osoaviahima ki ako pūtaiao hōia heke mai hoia-aito Patriotic War o 1941-1945. Whakatuwheratia kura hōia hou, whakawhanakehia momo hou o patu, ngā whawhai i hanga momo ahu whakamua: Armoured me mahino. Otiia kihai i nui te wa, te hihiko whawhai o nga hoia Soviet i roto i maha tikanga raro atu i taua o te Wehrmacht - te ope o Nasí Germany.

kawea kino nui kua whakaaro o Stalin i whakaaro ki nga wawata mana o te whakahau tiketike. mutunga iho te reira i roto i te tāmitanga whakapehapeha, tapahi ake ki rua-hautoru o te corps āpiha. He he he putanga o te whakapataritari whakaritea o te maramarama hōia Tiamana, fetongi he patu maha toa o te pakanga kaiākiri, patunga o te whakapaia.

āhuatanga ke

Stalin me nga kau taki o nga whenua nei hiahia ki te whakawhāiti i te inarā Pākehā o Hitler (Ingarangi, France, USA), e kore i taea e te waihanga i mua piri te whawhai mua anti-Fascist. rangatira Soviet, i roto i te kaha ki te whakaroa i te whawhai tamata ki te whakapā atu ki a Hitler. arahina tenei ki te hainatanga i te 1939 o te kawenata Soviet-German (whakaaetanga) o fakaaoao-kore, i te mea ano hoki e kore e hāngai ki te pūtahitanga o te ope anti-Hitler.

Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, kotiti ke te kāwanatanga i runga i te uara o te kawenata rangimarie ki a Hitler. Pipiri 22, 1941, ka whakaekea te Wehrmacht me te Luftwaffe i waho korero ana whawhai te rohe ki te hauauru o te USSR puta noa. Ko he ohorere oti mo nga hōia Soviet me te kaha ru ki Stalin.

wheako fakamamahi

mahere "Barbarossa" i whakaaetia i roto i te tau 1940 e Hitler. I raro i tenei mahere, te hinga o te USSR, whakaturia te hopu o tona whakapaipai peka nga marama raumati e toru. A i te tuatahi kawea te mahere i roto i ki te pū. kaiuru katoa o te whawhai mahara huru tata Aue waenganui-raumati 1941. 5.5 miriona hoia Tiamana ki 2.9 miriona Russian, painga katoa i roto i mua - i roto i te marama kua hipa, a hopukia ana Peraruhia, Paratiki States, Moldova, tata katoa o Ukraine. parekura Soviet - 1 miriona patua, 700 mano herehere ..

Ko rongonui te painga i Tiamana i roto i te whakahau pūkenga me te mana - i tukua i te wheako whawhai ope, i haere kē hawhe o Europe. nekeneke mohio karapotia, ka whakangaromia te rōpū katoa i Smolensk, Kiev, i roto i te rohe Moscow, te pā o Leningrad haamata. I pai ki te mahi o to ratou kapa Stalin, a haere ki te tāmitanga mua - i koperea hoki he i General Pavlov, te rangatira o te mua Western.

whawhai o te iwi

Tonu, i meake mahere a Hitler. USSR tu nohopuku i runga i te taahiraa whawhai. Hanga e te Whakahaua Hupirimi ki te whakahaere taua, ka tahoź te whenua katoa faatere tinana - te Komiti Defence State, arahina e te rangatira katoa-kaha Stalin.

whakapono Hitler e tikanga o te faatereraa o te whenua o Stalin, ka meinga tāmitanga ture o pūkenga, hōia, peasants taonga me iwi katoa te parariraa o te kāwanatanga, te putanga o te "tīwae rima" - pera i ia taunga ki roto i Europe. Otiia miscalculated ia.

Kinongia whakaeke tangata i roto i te awarua, te wahine i te pae, nga tamariki paari, me te kuao. War o tenei nui pā te whakarau o nga tangata, a ki te riro ngaohiko te ao ope hiahiatia. Patunga tapu mo te wikitoria noa hopoi kore anake te mea o taumu'a wä, engari ano hoki i te mea o te mea ïa tumu, i i pakiaka i roto i te hītori mua-hou.

Battle o Moscow

Ko te ātete nui tuatahi ki te whakaekenga ka raro Smolensk. e whakawarea ana i reira nga tautooraa itoito o te ino i runga i te whakapaipai noa te timatanga o Mahuru.

E nuku tāke ki ripekatia i runga i te patu haere ki Moscow, ki te tirohanga ki te hopu i te whakapaipai Soviet i mua i te rangi maeke. mai te reira i te wa uaua tino i roto i te tau o te Pakanga nui Patriotic. I roto i Moscow, whakaaturia te āhua o te whakapaea (10/19/1941).

Ka tonu noho te hītori he parade hōia i runga i te huritau o te Oketopa Revolution (11.07.1941) rite te tohu o te whakawhirinaki e ka e taea ki te tiaki i Moscow. Nga hoia, me te nuu faehau i mahue Whero Square tika tonu ki te mua, i te mea 20 kiromita ki te hauauru.

He tauira o te parenga o hoia Soviet timata ki te whakamahi 28 Army Whero hoia i te wehenga o General Panfilov. 4:00 hopukina ratou he rōpū o 50 waka tauā horanga i te huinga Dubosekovo ka patua, whakangaromia 18 waka hōia. Enei toa o te Pakanga Patriotic (1941-1945) - he wahi iti noa o te hoia Immortal o te ope Russian. E whanau taua patunga hoariri o feaa i roto i te wikitoria, e whakakaha ana i te itoito o te kaiwawao.

Te haamana'oraa i te mau ohipa o te whawhai, te rangatira o te mua Western tata Moscow, Marshal Zhukov, nei timata Stalin ki te whakanui i te tūranga e kua tohua tonu te korero whakatakotoria o te uara whakapaipai ki te whakatutuki i te wikitoria i roto i Mei 1945. hanga tetahi roa i roto i te ope hoariri e taea ki te whakaora kaha mo te counter-whakaeke: te tino rerenga ki Moscow wahi hou o te hoia Siberian. whakaritea Hitler ki whawhai i roto i ngā āhuatanga hotoke, tīmata nga Tiamana he raruraru ki te supply o ngā hōia. Na roto i te tīmatanga o Hakihea, i reira kua he wāhi tahuri i roto i te whawhai mo te whakapaipai Russian.

huringa tuwhena

Ohorere Hitler ino o te Army Whero (12.05.1941 g) maka nga Tiamana i runga i tetahi rau e rima tekau maero ki te hauauru. i tukua e te ope Nasí tona hinga tuatahi i roto i tona hītori, i taka, kua mahere whawhai wikitoria.

Roa te ino noa April 1942, engari ki huringa tina heke i roto i te akoranga o te whawhai i tawhiti atu: aru e te hinga nui i Leningrad, Kharkov, Crimea, nga Tiamana tae te Täingäwai i Stalingrad.

A, no te tuku hītori o tetahi whenua ki te Pakanga Patriotic nui (1941-1945), e kore te whakarāpopototanga o te ngā, ko reira waho te pakanga o Stalingrad. E whanau nga taiepa o te pa te ingoa o te kikorangi hoariri o Hitler, Ua patua ia, arahina reira hopea ki te tiango.

korero o te pa i maha whakahaere i roto i te whawhai tata, mo nga wahi o te rohe. tohu hoia War he maha ta'ehanotatau o rauemi tangata, me te hangarau whai wāhi i runga i ngā taha e rua, a tahuna ana i roto i te ahi o te pakanga o Stalingrad. ngaro nga Tiamana he hauwhā o te hoia - hawhe te miriona pēneti, 2 miriona - to tatou mate.

ātete ta'ehanotatau o hoia Soviet i roto i te korero, me te riri haere noa i roto i te whawhai, me te whakahau pūkenga rauhanga nui haere ngā te taiao me te hopu o 22 wehenga o te 6 Army Field Marshal a Herekiu. ohorere Hua o te hotoke tuarua o te whawhai Germany me te ao katoa. History o te Pakanga o 1941-1945 ke te akoranga, ka reira mārama e te Soviet Union ora te patu tuatahi e kore anake, engari te taniwha, mahi he utu hoariri kaha.

Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga o te wāhi koki i roto i te whawhai

He tauira torutoru taranata ārahitanga o te whakahau Soviet o kei te Pakanga Patriotic nui (1941-1945). He whakarāpopototanga o te mau ohipa o 1943 - te raupapa o te whakauru whakamīharo Russian.

Spring 1943 timata ki te ino Soviet i runga i akina katoa. Ko te whirihoranga o te aho mua fai he riri o te encirclement Soviet Army i te rohe Kursk. mahi Tiamana piro i huaina "Citadel" ko ïa tenei whāinga rautaki, engari kua whakaratohia te Army Whero whakahaua parepare whakarei i roto i nga wahi tikanga pakaruhanga, te whakarite wā kotahi rahui mo te counter-ino.

Te ino Tiamana i roto i te tīmatanga o Hōngongoi i taka ki te wahi i roto i te pa Soviet wāhi anake ki te hohonu o te 35 km. History o te Pakanga (1941-1945 tau) e matau ana te rā o te timatanga o te nui rawa whawhai te whawhai kia ahu mō mihini whaiaro-tīhokatia. Pumahu, Hōngongoi ra, te 12, ka anga 1,200 tāke kauhoe ki te whawhai i roto i te koraha e tata ana te kainga o Prokhorovka. Ko te Tiamana - te hou "Tiger" me "Panther", i roto i Russian - te T-34 ki te, pū atu kaha hou. patototanga Tuhinga o nga Tiamana i roto o nga ringa o te patu whakahāwea a Hitler o corps whai pūkaha me te ope Nasí oho i korero rautaki.

Na roto i te mutunga o August 1943 i pana atu ia Belgorod, Orel, a ka tukua Kharkov. Hoki te torutoru nga tau tuatahi o te Pakanga nui Patriotic, mau te kaupapa te Army Whero. Na i nga tianara Tiamana ki te imi te wahi e tīmata ai whawhai.

I roto i te tau whakamutunga, miramira kau faihisitōlia hōia ngā mahi tino 10 e arahina ki te whakaoranga o te rohe ka mau e te hoariri. Tae noa 1953, i huaina ratou "10 whiu a Stalin."

Ko te Pakanga nui Patriotic (1941-1945): he whakarāpopototanga o te ngā mahi hōia o 1944,

1. Tango pā Leningrad (January 1944).
2. January-April 1944: Battle o te Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket, whawhai angitu i roto i te matau-Bank Ukraine, i runga i Maehe 26 - te uru ki te rohe ki a Romania..
3. Crimea whakaoranga (Mei 1944).
4. Ko te hinga o Finland i Karelia, tona withdrawal i te whawhai (Pipiri-kōkā 1944).
5. E wha akina ino i roto i Peraruhia ( "Bagration" mahi).
6. Hōngongoi-August - te whawhai i roto i te uru Ukraine, Lvov-Sandomierz ino.
7. Yassko-Kishinev whati ai mahi 22 wehenga, te putanga i Romania a Bulgaria whawhai (Akuhata 1944).
8. Āwhina nö Tararā IB Tito (Mahuru 1944).
9. Ko te whakaoranga o te Baltic States (Hōngongoi-Oketopa o te taua tau).
10. Nuku - ko te whakaoranga o te Soviet me te Circumpolar Te Tai Tokerau-rawhiti Norway.

Whakamutunga o te noho hoariri

Na roto i te tīmatanga o Whiringa-, i tukua te rohe USSR i te rohe i mua i-te pakanga. mutu te reira i te wā o te mahi mo te iwi o Peraruhia me Ukraine. hanga āhuatanga tōrangapū o teie mahana etahi o te "kau taki" tapae te mahi Tiamana tata rite pai. Ko reira utu tono e pā ana ki te Belarusians e ngaro i runga i nga mahi o te "Pakeha ritenga" katoa tuawha.

No miharo nga ra tuatahi o te whakaekenga ke i roto i nga rohe e nohoia kua riro nö. War o 1941-1945 i roto i tenei tikanga ko te vanavanaiki o te whawhai o 1812 , ka kore i mohio atu whakaeke Pākehā te rongo i roto i to tatou rohe.

whakaoranga o Europe

ka ui Pākehā pakanga whakaoranga e te kī rauemi utu me te hōia tangata USSR. kihai i Hitler whakaae te whakaaro e ka haere mai te hoia Soviet ki oneone German, maka ki te whawhai ope katoa taea, hoatu te pū i raro i nga tangata koroheke, me ngā tamariki.

Ka taea te kite i te akoranga o te wāhanga whakamutunga o te whawhai i roto i te taitara o ngā tohu whakapumautia e te kāwanatanga Soviet. riro hoia liberator Soviet taua mētara o te whawhai o 1941-1945: mo te whakaoranga o Belgrade (10.20.1944), Warsaw (07.01.1945), Prague (Mei 9), mo te hopu o Budapest (13 Hui-tanguru), Königsberg (April 10), Vienna (13 April). Na rawa whakawhiwhia ki hoia mo te Mokoia o Berlin (Mei 2).

... A haere mai ahau Mei. Ko te wikitoria tohua te hainatanga o te tuku mutunga o nga hoia Tiamana i runga i Mei 8 ko Hune 24, tū te parade ki te whai wāhitanga o ngā māngai o te akina, ringa katoa me ngā ratonga.

Victory nui

Kua utu petipeti o Hitler tangata aroha. Ko te maha tangohia o te parekura tangata tautohe tonu. Anō o nga pa i huna, te whakatūnga o te whakahaere e hiahiatia ana maha nga tau o te mahi pakeke, fiekaia mo e masiva.

Rerekē te arotakea i teie nei, me nga hua o te whawhai. huringa ka hāpaitia e e kua puta mai 1945, i nunu'a rerekē. hoko rohe o te Soviet Union, te putanga o te puni hapori, me te whakapakari i te taimaha o te Soviet Union tōrangapū ki te tūnga superpower hohoro arahina ki te riri, me te whakaara raruraru i waenganui i te whenua i whakauru i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.

Otiia e kore e riro nei ki raro ki tetahi whakahounga nga hua matua, e kore e whakawhirinaki i runga i nga whakaaro o kaitōrangapū rapu painga tonu. I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, kua awhina matou whenua herekore me te motuhake, i patua e te hoariri e wehingia ana - te kawe o te Māoritanga whakapehapeha e fakamanamanai ki te whakangaro iwi katoa, i tohungia a ia nga iwi o Europe.

He hītori, ngā kaiuru o whawhai, tama a whawhai - kua kaumātua, engari te mahara o taua whawhai ka ora rite te roa rite iwi e taea ki te mauruuru i te haere noa, faitotonú, me te itoito.