Ko te peresideni tuarua o Ukraine Leonid Kuchma: biography, whakaahua

Leonid Kuchma (whanau August 9, 1938) ko te peresideni tuarua o motuhake Ukraine i 19 Hōngongoi 1994 ki te 23 Kohitātea 2005. ka mau ia tari i muri i toa i te pōtitanga peresideniraa 1994, hinga tona hoariri - te peresideni tūru Leonid Kravchuk. Kuchma i pōtitia anō hoki anō he wā-tau e rima ei peresideni i roto i te 1999.

Ratou wahi o te take mai me te takenga

Hea timata ia haere o tona ora, Leonid Kuchma? ka anga tona haurongo i roto i te kainga Chaikino ahuwhenua Chernigov rohe. mahi tona papa, Daniel Prokofievich (1901-1942) rite te sapper i roto i te Ope i roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, i werohia ia, ka mate i roto i te hōhipera mara i roto i te rohe Novgorod, ka wha nga tau o Leonid. mahi Mother Praskovya Trofimovna tona ora katoa i runga i te pāmu.

tau o te ako

Leonid Kuchma i muri i te katinga kura tuawhenua tomo te Physics-Hangarau Faculty (FTF) Dnepropetrovsk State University, puta i te 1960 tau, te tohu o te mataaro aunoa. Ko te take i ko te FTF manga uaua, he ahua o te kāreti hangarau i roto i te whānui whare wānanga. Kua Kua āta hangaia te reira no te whakangungu Engineers ki whakaturia ake i roto i te rohe Dnipropetrovsk i roto i te 50 tau i te hanga wāhi-tākirirangi nui. Na reira, i tonoa te nuinga o ona raukura ki te mahi i runga i te Southern Machine-Hanga Plant ranei tākirirangi CB "South", i roto i te-doma 50-60 arahina e te Designer General rongonui M. K. Yangel. He hoki i tonoa ki te mataaro pūkaha taitamariki Leonid Kuchma.

He faaipoiporaa angitu hei pūkaha o mahi

He aha e nga tūponotanga ki te wahi i ki te tūranga kaiārahi i roto i te Bureau, te wahi i roto i tau pai ki te mahi ki runga ki te 20 mano. Kaimahi, he tokomaha o nei he paetahi o nga whare wānanga hangarau ārahi i roto i Moscow ko Leningrad, i te tamaiti Ukrainian i muri i te taumata kura nui porowini o te mātauranga i ko mārama i raro? Ko te tika, kahore he. Na ano, Leonid Kuchma i 1982, kua kua Tuatahi General Tuarua Designer, i ko reira V. F. Utkin. A, i mua i ko ia kaiwhakahaere e pā ana ki 7 tau rōpū KB, me i reira nga neke atu i te 10 mano Kominiusi i whakahaere tona ope, na e ko te whakarite o te Hekeretari o te whakahaere Party i roto i tenei kapa te tūturu o te Komiti Central o te CPSU.

Pehea i taea e muri ia? Ārahi marama hoki Leonid ka he faaipoiporaa angitu o te tamahine o te Yuzhmash kairangahau ka tino oho muri ki Moscow, te Tāhuhu o General Engineering rite matenga o tetahi o nga papa pokapū. O te akoranga, ka hoatu e te matua-i roto i-ture tiketike-rangatira i tona mahi i te torohaki tuatahi.

Career i roto i te wā Soviet

I roto i te whānui, ahakoa, engari i roto i te 15 tau, Leonid Kuchma, kua riro i te mataaro pūkaha noa ki te whakamātau i kaiwhakahaere hangarau pere i te Baikonur Cosmodrome i te paetukutuku o Kaiāwhina Tumuaki Designer. Ko reira, i roto i te meka, he rawa ngā me te perpektivnaya (i roto i te tikanga o atu tupu mahi) pou. I muri i taka katoa mo te whakarewanga ia whakarewatanga pere - ko te hua o te mahi o maha hinonga whakauru i te katoa i runga i te Soviet Union, whai wāhi i roto i te hoahoa me te hanga o te pūnaha pere katoa, e ngā i roto i te tua ki te tākirirangi iho ko ano hoki te papa whakarewanga toku ranei, te tikanga o te waka, ngā pūnaha whakahaere taputapu, telemetry, whakaterenga etc. Te ahunga whakamua o te pūrongo whakamātautau ia ki te matenga o teitei mana harangotengote, me te hōia o Moscow, maha e maha kōmihana teitei. Ko ia tonu i roto i te titiro, me te whakarongo, katoa e matau, e tuku i te reira ki te ripeka-pūrongo me ngā tauākī ki ngā mana. I muri te mahi mō ētahi tau i te pae, Kei te nuinga o whakatokia he mātanga i roto i te parahiraa teitei pou pai i roto i to ratou ake kamupene (tētahi atu pokapū ranei).

Na oho matou aito i roto i te tau 1975 ki te heamana o te rōpū te hēkeretari tuatahi "Southern" me ka Yuzhmash. O te Komiti Party o te tipu haere Kuchma ki te pou o Tuatahi General Tuarua Designer o KB i 1982, a ka te mutunga o nga 80s mutu ia maha nga tau kaiwhakahaere o "Yuzhmash" Makarov, i whakaritea e ia ki te pou wātea.

Ko te kupu, i te wa o te tiango o te USSR, haere mai ia ki te rongo rite te kaiwhakahaere matua, ahakoa puta noa i tona mahi, kihai i te rōpū, me te hanga waihanga me kihai i whakawhanake tetahi o tetahi hoahoa nui ranei te hanga o te kaupapa.

Premiership i roto i te peresideniraa o Kravchuk

Ka rite ki wawe rite 1990 whakaekea te reira upoko o te Pāti Communist o Ukraine Vladimir Ivashko Kuchma te Premiership, engari kihai ia, ūkuia te kore o te wheako. Kua haere e rua nga tau, a ka tokomaha, tae atu ki te nuinga o Kuchma, ka reira mārama e ahu i te whenua i raro i te peresideni Kravchuk mo te hohonu. I raro i te riri o te ngaro katoa i riro ia rite ki te hua o te tiango o te Soviet Union, whakarōpūtia Te Tai Rāwhiti whiriwhiri Ukrainian ka akina atu Kravchuk, Kuchma ki whakarite te Pirimia ki te mana ki te puta tikanga he i te mana o te ture. Mai reira, i roto i te Ukraine hoki e kore e utu i te maha o nga tau takoha i raro i te Code Tāke, me te rite ki te ture o te Rünanga Käwanatanga o Minita.

Leonid Kuchma - Peresideni

rihaina ia i te pou o Pirimia o Ukraine i Mahuru 1993 ki te rere hoki peresideni i roto i te tīmatanga o te pōtitanga i roto i te 1994 i runga i te atamira ki te whakaongaonga i te ōhanga mā te whakaora ohaoha whanaunga ki Russia me ki te whakahaere i whakahounga mākete tere. riro ia he mārama wikitoria ki te peresideni tūru, Leonid Kravchuk, riro tautoko kaha i nga wāhi ahumahi ki te rawhiti me te tonga. Tona kino hua i roto i te uru o te whenua.

I roto i te Oketopa 1994, ka timata Kuchma whakarerekētanga ohaoha whānui, tae atu i te tango o ngā mana utu, motu tāke, hokotanga o hinonga ahumahi, me te ahuwhenua, me te hanganga i roto i te mana whakawhiti me te pēke. whakaurua hryvnia Ukrainian i roto i 1996, te akoranga taketake o e ko te tāra 1.75.

I pōtitia anō Kuchma i 1999 mo tona wā tuarua. Tenei wa, aua wāhi e hoatu ki a ia te kaha tautoko hoki te wa tuatahi, pōti hoki tona hoariri Pita Simonenko, me te rohe i mua i pōti ki reira, i runga i te anga ke, tautoko ia.

I roto i nga tau kotahi tekau o tona peresideniraa, ke tata ia nga tau mua. Ko te rongonui tino o ratou - te reira Pavel Lazarenko whiua i roto i te United States, a Viktor Yushchenko, e haere mai ki te whakakapi Kuchma i 2004.

I roto i te wā o ona ngā whakahaere e rua i roto i Ukraine Kua whakawhanakehia he tonu i roto i te kāwanatanga tinana whakahaere me te kaupapa-ture o te pūnaha. Photography Leonida Kuchmy peresideniraa wā tuarua whakaaturia i raro nei.

Tūnga i roto i te raruraru pōtitanga i roto i 2004

e kore e matau ano tino tūranga o Kuchma i roto i tenei raruraru. I muri te rua o nga tawhio runga 22 Whiringa 2004 whakaaro reira e riro Yanukovych te pōtitanga i te tinihanga, no te mea o nei totohe nga hua, i arahina ki te "karaka" revolution te pato'iraa me mataitai motuhake.

Kei te mea te reira e tohe Kuchma i Yanukovych me Viktor Medvedchuk (te matenga o te tari peresideniraa) ki te whakapuaki i te āhua o te whawhati tata , me te mau i te kōkuhutanga o Yanukovych. kihai i Kuchma. I muri mai, e whakawakia Yanukovych Kuchma nuitia o he i. I muri haere mai ki te kaha Viktora Yuschenko rite ki te hua o te unconstitutional a tawhio tuatoru o pōti, mihi ia ia i runga i tona wikitoria, me te mana tukua te mana ki te whakakapi i roto i te whenua, engari hohoro i muri i mahue Ukraine. I muri i huaina kaitautoko o Yushchenko tikanga taihara o Kuchma. hoki ia ki Ukraine i Maehe 2005 Ka pea whiwhi i fakapapau'i te peresideni hou tona wātea i te mate.

Ko te 10 tau whakamutunga ko ia he iti kahakina ake i roto i te ora tōrangapū o te whenua, tata kihai i hoatu e uiuiraa, e kore ia e marama ake i runga i te pouaka whakaata. Ki te kahore hoki te ngā o te rua tau whakamutunga, pea e kore i rongo matou tetahi mea atu e pā ana ki tenei tangata rite Kuchma Leonid Danilovich. Tona haurongo i kō atu e tetahi whārangi kanapa, ka i roto i 2014 i whakaritea e ia i te māngai whaiaro a te peresideni Poroshenko i te Rōpū Whakapā i te whiriwhiringa i roto i Minsk mo te whakataunga o te whawhai i roto i te Donbass.

Family me te ora whaiaro

Leonid Kuchma malí ki Lyudmila Kuchma mai 1967. marenatia tana tamahine anake Helen ki Viktorom Pinchukom, he takenga Hurai oligarch Ukrainian. He Elena Pinchuk he Roma tama (whanau i roto i te 1991 i tona faaipoiporaa o mua ki te kaipakihi Ukrainian Ikoa Franchuk) me rua tamahine o Victor Pinchuk.

I muri i tūranga, tukua Kuchma ki te pupuri i te dacha kāwanatanga i roto i Koncha Zaspa tata Kiev. I tukua ano hoki e ia ki te pupuri i to ratou utu peresideniraa tonu me te tokotoko katoa, me waka kāwanatanga rua. E utua ana te utu o te pupuri kari, me te motokā i te pūtea kāwanatanga.

Ko tētahi atu take meinga etahi oaoa a tawhio noa tona persona. Ko wai a Kuchma Leonid Danilovich, nei iwi, ki te kahore katoa Ukrainians, me Hurai. Te nuinga pea, he tito noa tenei. A tohatoha ona iwi kuiti-whakaaro, me te iti iho mātauranga e whai anake te whāinga - he i roto i tetahi ara bosit atarangi kino ki taua whika rongonui rite Kuchma Leonid Danilovich. Ko tona ingoa tūturu te tetahi e i ka mohiotia e ia puta noa i te ao e rite ana te peresideni o te Ukrainian wā-rua.