Ko te pūngao ā-o te hau

Ka rite ki mohiotia te, he ona ake hanganga ahurei whakaritea nei e tona hanganga matū me te hanganga i nga tinana. Ko te kupu, ko te matūriki whakatu te hanganga e pūkoro, taunekeneke ratou ki tetahi ki tetahi, me te reira i te nui etahi o te pūngao ā-. Ko te totoka matūriki kōrero e kėia te hanganga tinana, kaha, na ratou taunekeneke ki te matūriki e hanga ake te hanganga o te tahi atu mau tino, uaua.

Tino rerekē, titiro te reira i roto i te wai ranei hau, te wahi e ngoikore rāpoi here, engari no te mea ka taea e te rāpoi neke nui noa ki te taunekeneke ki matūriki, me ētahi atu matū. I roto i tenei take, hei tauira, faaite taonga memehatanga.

No reira, te pūngao ā o te hau ko te tawhā e whakatau te āhua o te hau, i.e. te pūngao o waiariki microparticles kaupapa reira e mahi rāpoi ngota, ngota, karihi, me te rite. D. I tua atu, whakaahua ana tenei ariā te pūngao me ratou pāhekoheko.

I roto i te whakawhitinga o te rāpoi ngota i tetahi āhua ki tetahi pūngao ā o te hau nei tātai - WU = DQ - Da - whakaatu te tukanga anake o huringa o tenei pūngao ā-. Kei te hoki mau kia kitea i te tātai, ko te āhuatanga tonu te reira i te reira e te rerekētanga i waenganui i ona uara i te timatanga me te mutunga o te whakawhitinga o te rāpoi ngota i tetahi āhua ki tetahi. Ko te ara o te whakawhitinga i te wa ano, e ko, tona uara e kore e mea faufaa. E whai ana tēnei tautohe te mutunga tino taketake e faaite tenei āhuatanga - whakaritea te pūngao ā o te hau e anake e te tohu hau pāmahana, me te e kore e whakawhirinaki i runga i te uara o ona rōrahi. Hoki te tātaritanga pāngarau o he nui i roto i te tikanga e tika te ine i te nui o te pūngao ā tenei kitenga kahore he taea, a taea te whakaritea e te tikanga pāngarau ki te tuku anake tona huringa (te fakamamafa'i ai e te aroaro o te tātai pūāhua - W).

nga taonga tinana o te pūngao ā-kitea te hoki ki te akiaki (te huri) anake, no te te pāhekoheko o enei tinana ki ētahi atu tinana. I roto i tenei take, i reira e rua ara matua e huri i: te mahi (ina mahi e waku, pānga, kōpeketanga me te rite), me te whakawhiti wera. Kei te tuku te wera akiaki whakawhiti -otrazhaet o huringa i roto i te pūngao ā-i roto i te wā i reira e kore e te whakamana i te mahi, me te pūngao, hei tauira, tinana ki teitei te tinana pāmahana ki iti tona uara - te whakamutunga tikanga.

I roto i tenei take, te wehewehe i waenganui i enei momo o te wera rite:

• kawe ia waiariki (matūriki utu pūngao tika e mahi nekehanga tupurangi);
• iakawe (whakawhiti rerenga hau ā-o te pūngao te);
• radiation (whakawhiti pūngao e te tikanga o ngaru hiko).

E mohio enei tukanga katoa i te ture o te tiaki o te pūngao. Ki te whakaaro tenei ture i roto i te pā ana ki te tukanga thermodynamic tupu i roto i hau, e taea te whakatakoto i te reira e whai ake: te pūngao ā-o te hau tūturu, - ranei kaua, tona huringa, tohu te tapeke o te wera i whakawhitia ki reira i puna waho, me te i mahi, i ko mahia i runga i te hau.

Ki te whakaaro tatou i tenei ture (te ture tuatahi o thermodynamics) mo te hau pai, ka taea e tatou te kite i te tauira e whai ake nei. I roto i te tukanga, tonu te pāmahana taimau (he tukanga isothermal), ko ano hoki te pūngao ā tamau tonu.

I roto i te tukanga isobaric, i huringa āhuatanga i roto i te pāmahana hau, whakanui i, heke, arata'i aua ki te hua heke o te pūngao ā ranei ka mahi i te mahi hau. Tenei āhuatanga, hei tauira, whakaatu te roha hau ki runga ki whakawera me te kaha o te hau taua ki te pei i te māpele steam.

A, no te whakaaro i te tukanga isochoric, ai noho tonu te tawhā o tona rōrahi tonu, ke te pūngao ā o te hau e anake i raro i te mana o te nui o te wera tuku.

He he he tukanga adiabatic i te mea moku, ki te ngaro o te utu hau ki te puna waho. I roto i tenei take, kua heke te uara o ona pūngao ā-, i konei - mātao te hau.