Ko te kaipōkai tuatahi American Alan Shepard. Ko te misioni o "Mercury-Redstone 3" May 5, 1961

He tokomaha hoki o nga tuakiri tino rongonui i roto i te tūhura o te wāhi e, Yuri Gagarin ko Neil Armstrong. Ko te māngai o te Soviet Union rere tuatahi ki te wāhi me te hoki ora, me te Hononga o Amerika - kua u ki runga ki te marama.

Heoi, Armstrong - e kore te kaipōkai American tuatahi. E whakaaro ana ratou ki te waiho i te tangata tino rerekē. Ka kia kōrero tona haurongo, mahi me te misioni i roto i te tuhinga.

Teuteu mo te kōwhiringa o astronauts

Ko reira kahore ngaro i nga mana e rua nga whakataetae matua i runga i te take o te hōpara ātea. I roto i te US, te raruraru whai wāhi i roto i te pokapū Rangahau Langley (Virginia). Heoi, i roto i te tua ki te hoahoa me te maka ana ki te mahi o te waka ātea, ko reira tika ki te hanga i tetahi matua o astronauts.

Te faaineineraa no te tenei timata ki te Whiringa 1958. i te rōpū tuatahi o US astronauts ki kia tīpakohia i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga. I te tīmatanga hiahia matou ki te whiriwhiri kotahi rau a āta e rima tekau kaitono tātari i o tenei rōpū o te iwi rite ki te hua o whakamātautau hauora, me te hinengaro, me te he whakangungu iwa-marama. Ka rite ki te hua o te tīpakonga i ki noho ono astronauts.

Nui pokanoa ki te rapu mō ngā kaitono ko te whakatau o te peresideni Dwight Eisenhower, e kite i nga kaitono pai anake i roto i te kaiurungi whakamātautau. O enei tīpako me te maitai.

kōwhiringa o astronauts

Na roto i te timatanga o 1959 tīmata te kōwhiringa. Te arata'ihia e te tohunga e whai ake nei ngā paearu:

• teitei - 180 cm;
• huru tinana tino;
• tau - ki runga ki te wha tekau nga tau;
• mātauranga - hangarau (Bachelor);
• mātauranga motuhake - te pairati whakamātautau;
• wheako e rere - e kore e iti iho i rima rau haora.

E ai ki enei paearu, māngai i NASA tīpakohia 110 kaitono, o nei i tīpakohia te rōpū i roto i te nui o 36 iwi ki te kawe i roto i whakamātautau atu. I runga i te wahi o te whakamātautau tupato rata, me te hinengaro whakaae 32 kaitono. Ko tētahi o ratou i deselected, na tae te Research Centre 31 kaiurungi. ko te tino uaua kōwhiringa atu. I roto i te mutunga, i whiriwhiri nga tohunga e kore e ono, engari e whitu iwi mo te rere.

Kaiurungi huaina astronauts, me o ratou ingoa kua mana kauwhautia 09.04.1959 tau. I roto ia ratou i hoki te kaipōkai American tuatahi.

Ko te whitu tuatahi ki Alan Shepard

nga astronauts katoa he tangata whānau ki te mātauranga engineering, i roto i te āhua tinana pai. hora o ratou tau i 32 ki te 37 tau.

Ko te rārangi o te whitu tuatahi ki te paetukutuku hōia:

• Dzhon Glenn - Kānara.
• Gordon Cooper, Virgil Grissom, Donald Slayton - rangatira.
• Alan Shepard, Walter Schirra - kawana matua.
• Scott Carpenter - Rūtene.

I roto ia ratou i tetahi nei i whakawhiwhia te taitara "te kaipōkai American tuatahi." timata te tangata ki te faaineine no te rere tuatahi i runga i te pūtake o te Research Centre i Virginia, a ka - i roto i Houston (Texas). Ia māngai o te Rōpū o whitu he ona ake ite taa'e. Ko te protagonist o te tuhinga ako te mahi o te ora me te aroturuki pūnaha.

Mātauranga Shepard

I whanau Alan i runga i 18.11.1923 i te pa o Derry. I tau 36, ka e ia tetahi o nga astronauts e whitu tīpakohia e NASA mō te rere wāhi topu. I roto i te ara maha, wāhi tenei ki te mātauranga kua riro ia.

kaipōkai Future Alan Shepard i roto i tona wa puta i te Academy College o Admiral Farragut, te Naval Academy ki te tohu o Paetahi o Pūtaiao, Naval College.

pia Career

I muri whiwhi tohu o te bachelor, ka Alan Shepard tetahi rangatira i roto i te Navy. I tenei wa, ano tonu reira te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, na i whakaritea e ia ki te kaipahua, a ka tonoa ki te Moananui a Kiwa.

I te tau 1947 i whakatairangatia ana ia ki te kapene raua ko i faataahia ki te matua hoia i roto i nga mania-kaiwhakamate. I te 1950 ka tomo ia ki te kura whakamātautau pairati. I muri whakaoti i te whakangungu, whai wāhi ia i roto i te whakamātautau rere, tae atu ngā mo te whanaketanga o te pūnaha te tamaa i roto i te rangi. I roto e rima nga marama, ko te cosmonaut heke mai te kaiwhakatikatika mo kaiurungi whakamātautau.

I mua i te riroraa i te kaipōkai, rere Shepard neke atu i te 8,000 haora, o nei 3700 kua kawea i roto i runga i te rererangi jet.

vavā Career

Ko te kaipōkai American tuatahi i roto i nga kaitono e whitu nei e tīpakohia e NASA i 1959. i faaineine ratou mo te hōtaka "Mercury". Tona ngaiotanga me mau huru whaiaro whakahohea ia te tuatahi ki te māngai o te United States ki tae wāhi, me te rere ki te marama.

Tona rere tuatahi i hanga e ia i roto i te tau 1961. i poto, engari kia tika hoki te United States o Amerika te haerenga. i huaina Ship capsule i "Freedom 7".

I muri mai, rite astronauts hei piki G. Cooper i runga i te misioni "Atlas 9". I roto i te 1963, ka mahara ia ki te haere ki te "Atlas 10". i mahara Flight ki noho e toru nga ra, engari i whakakorea ai. I muri i taua, whiriwhiri tatou te kaipōkai pairati tuatahi i runga i te kaipuke "Gemini". He whakangungu tīmata, Nōna ia he whakamātautau hauora, rite ki te hua o nei i pāngia ia ki he mate taringa, fakahohaasi nga mahi o te taputapu vestibular. Nā ki te mate o Meniere i whakatārewatia ia i rere hoki te tau torutoru.

I roto i te tikanga ki te hoki mai ki te te faaineine mo te rere, i Shepard ki te whai pokanga i runga i te kōhao taringa. I angitu te reira, a hoki ana nga astronauts ki ohipa kaha.

Te riroraa sorokasemiletnim pairati, te matamua i taua wa, i hanga NASA vavā Alan tona ora tuarua i roto i te rere wāhi. I whakaritea ano e ia rangatira o te "Apollo 14". hanga e ia he misioni US angitu te toru ki te marama. ¶ Na i roto i te wā i Hānuere 31 ki February 9, 1971.

"Mercury-Redstone" Alan Shepard

E ai ki te hōtaka ka "Mercury" rere o Alan Shepard te whakarewatanga angitu tuatahi o te waka ātea topu. I muia ia tākirirangi kawe "Redstone-3." Capsule taea piki ki te teitei o 186 km, a hinga ana ki nga wai o te tanú United States Atlantic. wahi tenei tahuri atu ki te waiho i te tawhiti o te 486 km i te tīmatanga taketake.

I roto i te rerekē ki te rere Yuriya Gagarina, e whakahaere ki circumnavigate te whenua i roto i tona ohuraa, May 5, 1961, tae Alan Shepard wāhi i muri i anake te haamau'araa i te iti ake i te tekau ma rima meneti i roto i te rere. riro ia te rua o te tangata i roto i te ao nei i tae taua wahi tiketike.

whāinga rere

Ko te whāinga matua US i ki te tiki i mua i roto i te hōpara ātea ki ētahi atu whenua, rawa te Soviet Union. Ko tā "Mercury" hōtaka te whakatinanatanga o te whakaaro ngā. Ko angitu te whakarewatanga o te pūnaha, "Mercury-Redstone 3", i roto i nei ko Shepard.

Ko te whakaaro matua o te rere:

• ki Tarahihi me waka ātea wheako takanga i roto i whakarewatanga, rere powered, huru weightless, a tomo i te huru me te taunga.
• Aromātai o ngā whai wāhitanga whakamätau i roto i te mana waka ātea, reo kōrero i roto i rere.
• Ko te ako o te urupare a te tangata ki te rere wāhi matua whaiaroaro.
• Taea o ū te kaipōkai me te waka ātea.

Ko te ora o te mahi vavā i muri kura

I te mutunga o tona mahi e rere, Alan Shepard, tona haurongo e whakaaro i roto i te tuhinga, whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi pāpori. I te 1971 ka e ia he māngai ki te Runanga Nui UN. I te wa ano, riro ia he toketā i roto i tikanga māori me te humanities.

I te mutunga o te rau tau rua tekau, tahi ki rua kairīpoata, kua whakaputaina te kaipōkai rongonui te pukapuka "Flight ki te Marama." I roto i tona whakamārama hanga tonu he raupapa pouaka whakaata.

mate Shepard i runga i 21.07.1998 i te tau o e whitu tekau ma rima nga tau. I roa te take o te mate mate - kanisā. E rima wiki i muri mai ka mate ia, me tana wahine Louise. nehutanga, o ratou tinana i me te pungarehu marara i te moana.

meka Interesting e pā ana ki te vavā me rere

Ko te kaupapa, i i tae e Alan, i te ingoa "Mercury". whiriwhiri te ingoa i roto i te honore o te mea pūrākau Roma, ko te karere o te atua, me te kaiwhakaruruhau o te hokohoko. I roto i Washington, tangohia te ingoa kaupapa 12.10.1958 tau.

kaitono tīpakohia mō te rere wāhi kia huaina ki astronauts. Ko te ingoa i whiriwhiria e te faaauraa ki te Argonauts i roto i ngā pūrākau Kariki nei rere hoki te "Golden huruhuru" me aeronaut, arā balloonists.

I mua i te rere, i whakaritea Alan i kai tino. rite ia te kaitao whaiaro. Hei tauira, ngā parakuihi o wai ārani, semolina, hua, rōpere tāmi me te kawhe ki te huka. Ko te rārangi o rihi rerekē. Chef faaineine tetahi te taviniraa mo te vavā, me te rua o nga ra i pupuri i roto i te pouaka whakamātao i roto i te take o ngā raruraru i roto i te tua ki te wahi kūnatu.

kua Kotahi ra i mua i te rere o te kawhe i te tahua kua nekehia tika ki tona pānga diuretic, me te whakaongaonga.

I mua i te tīmata ka mea te kaipōkai ki ahau: "Kaua e taringa, i te reira ki runga, Shepard." Ko te pāpāho kua tapiritia he moka o reira, te whakahua i te kupu a te Atua. rite "inoi" puaki maha kaiurungi i teie nei.

Kei te pairati e i roto i te capsule waka 5 haora me te 15 meneti, engari ko te rere haora anake e rua me te hawhe. Ko te take mō te whakaroa i hitches hangarau ka puta kapua, e tika ana ki nei kihai i pai whiwhi pikitia pai o te whenua i te wāhi. tīmata Ship i 9 haora, me te 34 meneti. ata tirohia ia 45 miriona ngä kaimätakitaki i roto i te United States.

kore kua angitu tonu te whakamātau tuatahi ki te tae te hanganga. Whakarato i te kōrero katoa he tino uaua. Na, NASA, te kōwhiri i te kaitono tino tika mo te rere, i kore whakaaro ratou hiahia whaiaroaro noa. Ara, i roto i te waka ātea i taea ki te atawhai ia ratou. No te mea o tenei, i Shepard ki te mahi i te reira i roto i te take i roto i te rere.