Mua o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao: photo. Mua o te Soviet Union ko Germany, Pakanga II o te Ao

ka wahi o te Navy o whenua rerekē kaipuke ruku kua i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. anga mahi Whanaketanga i roto i te mara o te waka ruku roa i mua i tona timatanga, engari i muri i anake 1914 oti i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā āhuatanga mahi whakahaere kaipuke o mua. Te huru matua i roto i nei i taea e ratou te mahi, ko te ki te Whakahewa. taa ê mua o te Pakanga II o te Ao i roto i te hanganga me te mau parau tumu o te mahi iti mai, ia ratou o te tekau tau o mua. Kei te nuinga o ngā te rerekētanga hanganga i roto i innovations hangarau me etahi whakaaro i roto i te 20, me 30 matahiti o ngā waeine me māpele, te whakapai ake āhuatanga waka me te ora.

submarines Tiamana i mua i te whawhai

Ngā o te Tiriti o Versailles kihai i tukua Germany ki te hanga maha ngā momo o kaipuke, me te ki te hanga i te kaipuke ki tonu i-parirau. I roto i te wā i mua i-te pakanga, i aro utaina e te whenua i roto i te 1918 Allied fakangatangata, wāhi hanga Tiamana ahakoa whakarewahia i rima submarines piha moana (U-25, U-26, U-37, U-64, etc.). Ratou displacement i runga i te mata i pā ana ki 700 taranata. submarines iti (500 toni) i roto i te nui o 24 nga wahi. (Tau U-44) me 32 wae pahemo-takutai ngā ko te taua, ka uru tautoko i te Krigsmarine kaha displacement. Katoa o ratou i patu mea kopere, me ngongo tōkiri (te tikanga 4 kopere, me te kei 2).

Ko te kupu, ahakoa he tokomaha nga mehua fakangatangata, i 1939, patu ki ngā te Tiamana Navy submarines rawa hou. Pakanga II o te Ao, kua whakaaturia i muri tonu i töna tïmatanga miramira tiketike o tenei piha o patu.

Nganatanga i runga i Ingarangi

ka mau a Ingarangi te patu tuatahi o te Hitler mīhini whawhai. Maere e, te admiral o te kingitanga te tino tino hounga'ia te ati fai e te tama'ii Tiamana me fakasio. I roto i te wheako o te pakanga nui-tauine o mua, hua noa ratou e ka kia iti te rohe ruku ki te Unuhia takutai ngā kuiti, a kore e ratou rapunga kia nui o te raruraru.

tahuri te reira i roto i, Heoi, e taea e Tiamana U-poti o te Pakanga II o te Ao hei patu tawhiti atu mōrearea atu i te kaipuke mata. I rahua Nganatanga ki te whakatū i te pā manuao o te rohe raki. I te ra tuatahi o te kaipuke whawhai "Athenia" te aro ia, ka totohu te kawe rererangi "Koreydzhes" Mahuru 17, te rererangi i tumanako te Ingarangi ki te whakamahi hei tikanga whai hua o ASW. Poraka mahi "mōkihi wuruhi" kore i taea e Admiral Lucifero whakahaere, kua mahi ake ai toku maia ratou. haere Oketopa 14, 1939 te waka ruku U-47 ki te wai o te turanga Royal Navy i Scapa Flow, me i te tūranga mata te aro tama'i papu "Royal Oak". mate Kooti nga ra.

Lucifero hoari me whakangungu rakau Britain

Na roto i te tau 1940, i whakaaetia nga Tiamana ki te ki te katoa mua o neke atu i te rua miriona tana haere ki te raro o te kaipuke Ingarihi. E au ra e Ingarangi he kino mooni. Interest ki hītori meatanga korero e pā ana ki te tūranga takaro mua o te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao. Ko te kiriata "Te Battle o te Atlantic" parau te aamu o te pakanga mō te mana o te Munuwao o ara moana, i haere i runga i te tuku whenua e whawhai. Whawhai te "wuruhi" ko Lucifero fifi, engari mahi katoa whakatau mahi wehe wero, a kua kitea taua mea i tenei wa. ka kitea whakatutukinga i roto i te mara o te hihiani e ngā kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te aritanga kore, me i te tawhiti, te submarines Tiamana.

kahore ano i tae te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao tona wāhanga tihi, i roto i April 1941, engari i toremi e te waka ruku U-110. ko ia te morehu whakamutunga o te hunga ki nei timata Hitler whawhai.

He aha te mea he ngongohā?

Mai te tīmatanga rawa o mua kaihoahoa kua whakaaro ngā taatou o te mana tuku i te tipu te mana. Mua o te Pakanga II o te Ao, peia e te pūkaha hiko, me i te mata - te pūkaha diesel. Ko te raruraru matua fakafe'ātungia'i te tiaki o muna, ko te hiahia ki te mata ia wā ki te recharge pākahiko. Ko reira i roto i te hunga whakaraerae nga submarines unmasking takoha, i taea e kitea e ratou rererangi me radars. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i tenei tūpono, whakaaro reira te pera-ka karanga ngongohā. Ko te pūnaha putorino extendable i roto i nei i te wehenga diesel tomo te rangi kōhauhau e hiahiatia ana mō te parariraa o te wahie, me te tango i nga haurehu whakapau.

Ua tauturu Taupānga submarines ngongohā whakaiti i te parekura, engari i roto i te tua he radars me ētahi atu tikanga o te rapunga, pērā i pāorooro.

mahue Innovation te tautahi

Ahakoa te painga mārama, rite rawa ki te ngongohā anake German U-poti o te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao. Kua mahue e te Soviet Union me ētahi atu whenua i te reira tenenga tautahi, ahakoa ko nga tikanga mo te wheako tono. Kei te whakapono te reira e whakamahia te hamani pahi Tatimana tuatahi he ngongohā, engari e mohio ana ano hoki e i roto i 1925 whakaaro rite hangaia e te Italian te hanga pā Ferretti matou, engari ka i whakarerea tenei whakaaro. I roto i te 1940, i whakaekea te Netherlands e Nasí Germany, engari tona kaipuke ruku (4 wae) i ki te waiho i te UK. I reira, rawa, tatou i kore mauruuru tenei, o te akoranga, te pūrere e hiahiatia ana. Ngongohā Taka, whakaaro ratou pūrere whaipainga rawa mōrearea, me te pāhekeheke.

kihai i Ētahi orurehau rongoā hangarau submarines kaihanga whakamahi. Pūhiko ake taputapu mō te tohutohutia ratou, ake pūnaha rangi houtanga, engari tonu te parau tumu pūrere waka ruku tonu.

Mua o te Pakanga II o te Ao, te Soviet Union

toa Photo severomortsev Lunin, Marinesco, tāngia Starikov niupepa Soviet kore anake, engari ano hoki ke. Submariners ko nga marohirohi tūturu. I tua atu, ka te rangatira angitu tino o mua Soviet hoariri whaiaro o Adolf Hitler, a kore e pai āhukahuka o ratou e hiahiatia.

He tūranga nui i roto i te whawhai manuao e nana i roto i nga moana raki me te takotoranga wai Moana Black, takaro nga submarines Soviet. timata Pakanga II o te Ao i roto i te tau 1939, a i roto i 1941, ka whakaekea Nasí Germany te USSR. I taua wa, i runga i to tatou rākau o te riri kaipuke ruku ngā o te maha ngā momo taketake:

1. PL "Decembrists". Rangatū (te kahore hoki te taitara e rua atu wae - "Narodovolets me" Te Whero ") i whakaturia i roto i te 1931. displacement Full - 980 taranata.
2. "L" raupapa - "Leninist." Tauira 1936 tau displacement - 1400 taranata, kaipuke patu ono tas i roto i te ammo torpedoes 12 me 20 maina moana, e rua pu (nasal - 100 mm me te pewa te - 45 mm).
3. "R-XIII» raupapa ki te displacement o 1,200 taranata.
4. He raupapa o "ni" ( "Pike") ki te displacement o 580 taranata.
5. "C" raupapa o 780 m, he ono-patu TA me rua pu - 100 mm, me te 45 mm.
6. "K" raupapa. Displacement - 2200 t I hoahoatia i roto i 1938 godu ruku, te whakawhanake tere o 22 knots (tūnga mata), me te 10 knots (tūnga raro.). Boat piha moana. E ono tōkiri patu (6 TA nasal me kai 4).
7. "M" raupapa - "Baby". Displacement - i 200 ki te 250 m (i runga i te whakarerekētanga). Kaupapa 1932 me 1936, TA 2, mana motuhake - 2 wiki.

"Baby"

Mua ko te tino kiato U-poti o te Pakanga II o te Ao i te Soviet Union "M" raupapa. Ko te kiriata "Te Soviet Navy. Victory Chronicle "parau te aamu o te ara kororia o kauhoe maha whakairo whakamahi i te āhuatanga whāwhā ahurei o enei kaipuke, i honoa e ki o ratou rahi iti. I te tahi taime te whakahaere rangatira ki ata tiki tata ki te turanga hoariri pai-tiaki, ka whiwhi atu i te e fakatangá. "Baby" taea te kawea e te tereina me te manu i roto i te Moana Black ko Far Te Tai Rāwhiti.

I runga i te par ki nga painga o te raupapa o "M" ko, o te akoranga, me ngā huakore, engari kahore ratou i reira he kore taputapu kua oti: he mana motuhake poto, e rua anake torpedoes i te ngaro o te kararehe, kōpipiri me ngā āhuatanga taku whakaware o te mahi e pā ana ki te torutoru o te kaumoana. kihai i ēnei uauatanga te ārai te submariners hautoa riro te wikitoria faahiahia i runga i te hoariri.

I roto i te whenua rerekē,

moni Interesting i roto i i nga nga submarines o te Pakanga II o te Ao i roto i te mahi ki te nuu moana o whenua rerekē i mua i te whawhai. Ka rite ki o 1939 i te kaipuke nui o submarines USSR (i runga i 200 RW.), I muri ia e te kaipuke ruku Itari kaha (neke atu i te kotahi rau wae), noho te wahi tuatoru i te taha o France (86 RW.), Te tuawha - UK (69), te tuarima - Japan (65) me te ono o nga - Germany (57). I roto i te akoranga o te whawhai ke te toenga o te kaha, me te tata te rārangi kapi ake i roto i te raupapa whakamuri (anake mo te maha o mua Soviet). I tua atu ki tuku iho ki te wai i roto i to tatou shipyards i nga rarangi o te Soviet Navy me hanga te waka ruku i roto i Ingarangi, i meinga wahi o te kaipuke Baltic i muri i te rironga o Estonia ( "Lembit", 1935).

i muri i te pakanga,

ka mate te whawhai iho i runga i te whenua, i roto i te rangi, i runga i te wai, me te i raro i reira. No te tau maha, te Soviet "Pike" me "Baby" tonu ki te paruru i te whenua te kāinga, a ka i whakamahia ratou mo te whakangungu tauira hōia manuao o ngā kura hōia. Kua riro etahi o ratou urupa me ngā whare taonga, kua waikuratia ta etahi i runga i ngā urupā mua.

Mua i roto i te tekau tau o mua i muri i te whawhai, e kore tata i whai wāhi i roto i te whawhai e e tango te wahi tonu i roto i te ao. He nga pakanga rohe, i ētahi wā whakawhanakehia ki te pakanga nui, engari kihai i nga submarines whawhai mahi. Kei te hoko ratou ake huna, neke ata me hohoro, whakawhetai ki mua riro ahupūngao karihi mana motuhake mutunga.