Ko te take mo te whakaekenga o ope US i Iraq. Ko te pukapuka o nga ngā mahi hōia US, te parekura i roto i Iraq

Ko te whawhai i roto i Iraq kua meinga tetahi o nga pakanga patu nui o te tīmatanga o te rau tau XXI. Heoi, nga preconditions me nga mau fifi o te whawhai te nuinga toe he mea ngaro. Kia tamata a ki matakawa te TANGLE o aua ngā. Na, kitea i roto i te mea ko te take mo te whakaekenga US o Iraq me pehea ka mau tenei mahi hōia wahi.

prehistory

Hei tīmata ki te ruku iti i roto i te prehistory o te pakanga.

ka Saddam Hussein peresideni o Iraq i roto i te 1979, ahakoa i roto i te meka hāngai i roto i o ratou ringa te whakahaere o te whenua i mua i te roa o tenei miro. Ko tōna mana i rite fakatikitató. e kore i taea te faatiti'aifarohia No take nui i roto i te whenua, kahore te whakaae o te peresideni. Ki te pato'iraa, me te tutu Kurds wā whakamahia Hussein te tāmitanga, me te whakamamae, he aha noa uru ia nuitia. I tua atu, ka anga Iraq ki te whakawhanake i te fifi o te tuakiri Hussein.

Kua i 1980, ka anga te ope Iraqi te whakaekenga o te kawanatanga Iranian o Khuzestan, mawheto, na te whawhai Iran-Iraq. Ko reira taa'eraa e i roto i tenei whawhai, e rua te United States me te Soviet Union tautoko Hussein. Otiia pae hopea mutu te whawhai i te tau 1988, kahore, no te mea, i rite ki te huru o te tiriti te rangimarie, kua tonu nga whenua e rua te tatūtangā.

tīmata mōrearea New Saddam Hussein i 1990, ka te whakaekenga o Kuwait, a mapi reira rite te kawanatanga o Iraq. I tenei wa, whakataua e rua te US me te USSR nga mahi o te peresideni Iraqi. Ano, ko te United States, me te tautoko o te Nations United kua hanga e te whakakotahitanga hōia ao e ātete Hussein. Ko te kupu i timata te whawhai tuatahi i roto i Iraq, e kiia ana ko rerekē, ranei te Gulf War. He whakakotahi o nga ra tuatahi o te aroraa i te painga nui, no te mea ki te tono rererangi hou.

Ko te mahi anaana o te hoa US-arahina. Parekura i roto i Iraq i ope whakakotahitanga i iti iho i te 500 te iwi, i te maha o te iwi i patua i roto i te ope Iraqi kua tae o mano tekau. I roto i te mutunga, patua Hussein i, i takoha ki te tukua e Kuwait, tino whakaiti i te ope. I tua atu, utaina te whenua i te maha o te tahi atu aukati e pai ai kia ki te haaparuparu i te ope patu o Iraq.

Tata katoa o te 90-doma o rau XX, tupu te aroraa moe i waenganui i Iraq me te United States. E whakawakia Ameliká tonu Hussein i te whakamahi o te tāmitanga ki te pato'iraa, me rite i roto i te aroaro o te patu rāhuitia. Rawa te mauähara o te āhuatanga i muri i Hussein i 1998, te aroturuki i UN peia nei i mahara ki te whakarite kia kore e Iraq puta patu o te whakangaromanga papatipu. tu te ao i runga i te pareparenga o te whawhai hou.

Whakamārama me te take mo te whawhai

Na tango i te titiro, he aha te ko te take te whakaekenga US o Iraq.

Ko te take matua mō te whakaekenga o Iraq American ko te hiahia US ki te whakarite i tona mana i roto i te rohe. Heoi, tino pea, e wehi nga porowhita tikanga, ki te te tino whakawhanake Hussein patu o te whakangaromanga papatipu, e taea ārahi tae atu ki te United States, ahakoa i reira kahore tūturu taunakitanga o tenei. Heoi, ka anga etahi tohunga i roto i te rārangi o ngā take ka taea mo te United States ngā mahi ki Iraq, ano ka karanga mauahara whaiaro o US te peresideni George W. Bush ki Saddam Hussein.

Ko te take ōkawa mo te whakaekenga mahi rite faaite i roto i Hui-tanguru 2003, US Hekeretari o State Colin Powell ki te taunakitanga UN Kaunihera Haumarutanga o Iraq whakawhanake patu o te whakangaromanga papatipu. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, i huraina te nuinga o te taunakitanga i.

kukume hoa

rahua te US kua ki te hanga i te whakamanatanga Kaunihera Haumarutanga ki te whakamahi i te kaha i roto i Iraq. Otiia, kua waiho nga porowhita pule American reira, ka anga teuteu mo te whakaekenga.

ka ui hoki ratou i te tauturu i ona hoa NATO. Otiia kihai France me Germany ki te tautoko i te whakaekenga US o Iraq kahore fakangofua UN. Otiia kua whakahuatia Great Britain, Poland me Ahitereiria ratou hinaaro ki te tautoko i te ope hōia US.

I muri i te hurihanga o te tikanga Hussein ki te whakakotahitanga piri atu whenua: Italy, te Netherlands, Ukraine, Spain, Georgia. ka mau te ope motuhake wahi i roto i te whawhai i roto i Turkey 2007-2008.

Ko te katoa maha o ngā hōia o te ope whakakotahi ao a tawhio noa 309 mano. tangata, 250 000 i o nei US hoia.

Ko te timatanga o te whakaekenga

US mahi hōia i roto i Iraq timata March 20, 2003. I roto i te rerekē ki te "koraha Storm", tenei wa whakahaere te whakakotahitanga he mahi whenua nui-tauine. Ahakoa kore o Turkey ki te whakarato i tona rohe e kore hoki i ārai i te reira i te whakaeke. whakaekea US Iraq i Kuwait. ope Coalition i April, kahore he whawhai, noho Baghdad. Ko te ope rangi Iraqi i te wa taua ki te whakaata te hoariri e whakaeke i te meka whai wāhi kihai i. Kua oti te wāhanga kaha o te ino i muri i te hopu o te pa o Tikrit i te waenganui o te marama kotahi.

Ko te kupu, ko te wāhi matua matua i roto i Iraq i te mutunga o te mahi whakahāwea te mana e te whakakotahitanga arahina e te United States. Parekura i roto i ngā hōia Iraq whanaunga i roto i tenei wā moni ki 172 hoia patua me 1621 - i patua. Ko te ope patu Iraqi i roto i te hoa ino ngaro tata 10,000 iwi patua. Paku iti i taotū harangotengote.

I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whawhai, ope US i Iraq, riro he wikitoria horo whenua. Heoi, ko reira tika e kore anake ki te hopu rohe, engari ano hoki e taea ki te pupuri i te reira i tae noa i roto i Iraq kore e e mateaki i hanga Amelika he kāwanatanga e ka e taea ki te pupuri i te āhuatanga i roto i te whenua i raro i te mana.

Ko te akoranga atu o te whawhai

I muri i te hinganga o hōia a te kāwanatanga ka anga ki te whakarite i te kaupapa pakanga i roto i te whenua. kawea tahi te reira i kore anake te hōia mateaki ki Hussein, engari ano hoki māngai o ngā rōpū Islamist, tae atu te hunga tata ki te "Al-Qaeda". ngohi kōaro tino Inia hāngai i roto i te pera-ka karanga "Triangle Sunni", kei nei i raki o te whakapaipai Iraqi.

whakangaromia Groups guerrillas hanganga kawea patua, ka whakaekea nga wae takitahi whakakotahitanga arahina USA. Parekura i roto i ngā hōia Iraq whanaunga i roto i tenei wā nui haere. Ko te nuinga o te hunga mate, ka werohia nga hoia e takahia i runga i te pūrere taikaha improvised.

Na, i te mutunga o 2003 i roto i te kainga i roto i te herehere Iraqi horo a Saddam Hussein. Runga ake whakahaere reira he marae o te whakawa i i mahi i nuitia te tonotono mua i roto i te 2006.

whawhai metarahi

Na, i roto i te 2005, i te pae hopea puritia Iraq pōtitanga. I muri i te pōtitanga haere mai Shiites ki te mana. Tenei meinga he hua i roto i amuamu i roto i te taupori Sunni, e hohoro tupu ki te āhuatanga e taea te huaina i te pakanga kaiākiri.

I tua atu, ringihia nga mura ngā hara mahia e hoia takitahi US hōia wae ara katoa o te Army US ranei. tupu parekura i roto i Iraq rite te hōia, me te taupori harangotengote, he katoa o atu a te pahųtanga o ā te whawhai ki kaha whakahoutia.

Tenei meinga riri i roto i Iraq kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te hapori American. timata maha tangata US ki whakarite te mahi Iraq e tautohetia ana ki te Pakanga Vietnam. Ko te mate te whakanui ake o ngā hōia US i Iraq i arahina ki te meka e kua rahua te Republicans i roto i te pōtitanga congressional, ngaro te nuinga i roto i nga ruma e rua.

Whakapakari o ngā rōpū Islamist

Na, ki te mea te ātete tuatahi ki te mahi i roto i Iraq, ko ope whakakotahitanga āhua fakalotu atu iti iho ranei kūpapa, i 2008 i te matenga o te kaupapa pakanga i ngā whakahaere Islamist, maha o te āhua kaiwhakatuma.

More tonu i muri i te whakaekenga American o Iraq ki te rohe o te whenua i whakawhitia ki te mahi o te whakahaere kaiwhakatuma "monotheism me Jihad" arahina e Zarqawi. I muri i te tahi mau wa a tawhio noa tenei pūtau Tīpae te nuinga atu rōpū pakanga Islamist i roto i Iraq. I roto i te tau 2004, te rangatira o te "te monotheism me Jihad" ka mau te oati o te piripono ki a Osama bin e waha, a ka whakaingoatia te whakahaere "Al-Qaeda i Iraq."

I roto i te 2006, patua al-Zarqawi i roto i te poma i US rererangi. Otiia i mua i tona matenga, ia ara rōpū Islamist atu kotahi i roto i Iraq. I te kaupapa o Al-Zarqawi i hanga Mujahideen Shura Kaunihera, ki te kahore hoki "te monotheism ko Jihad", i ngā he maha o te tahi atu rōpū. I muri i te matenga o al-Zarqawi, i roto i te taua 2006, i whakarite anōtia e te reira rite te Islamic State o Iraq (ISI). A i meatia ai i waho te whakaae o te kaiārahi pokapū o "Al-Qaeda". Ko tenei whakahaere i roto i te heke mai, i muri i te horapa o tona mana ki runga ki te wahi o Hiria, kua degenerated ki LIH me ka te Islamic State.

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, i roto i te kitenga o nga hoia mahi US i Iraq Islamists riro te kaha nui i roto i te tau 2008. mana ratou te pa tuarua nui i roto i Iraq - Mosul, a ko o ratou whakapaipai Baquba.

Otinga o te mahi American i roto i Iraq

hanga parekura Rota US i Iraq mo te 10 nga tau, i roto i nei te wa roa i te whawhai, me te stabilization whanaunga o te āhuatanga i roto i te whenua whakaaro tatou e pā ana ki te taea o te withdrawal o ngā hōia ao i te rohe o te kāwanatanga.

I roto i te 2010, hainatia te US peresideni hou Barack Obama he tikanga i runga i te withdrawal o nui ope US i Iraq. Ko te kupu, hoatu 200 mano iwi i roto i taua tau. i mahara te toe 50 mano hōia hōia ki te āwhina i te kāwanatanga Iraqi hou ki te whakahaere i te āhuatanga i roto i te whenua. Otiia i poto ngā i roto i Iraq ano ratou. I roto i te Hakihea 2011, me te whenua e toe ana 50 mano hoia i mawehe. I roto i Iraq, ka takoto ko ia 200 anake kaitohutohu hōia, nei kanohi te United States.

Ko te kupu, Hakihea 15, 2011 te whawhai i roto i Iraq mo nga Amelika mana mutu.

Te rironga o US Army

Na kia kitea a i roto i te pehea ngaro maha hōia US hōpuni me te taputapu hōia i roto i te mahi i roto i Iraq, i roa tata te tekau tau.

Kua ngaro ope whakakotahitanga International he katoa o 4804 tangata i patua, o nei 4423 ko US Army hoia. I tua atu, whara 31.942 Ameliká i taumata o te pakeke. Ēnei tatauranga ngā e rua parekura hōia, me te whawhai-kore.

No te whakarite, i roto i te whawhai, kua ngaro ope auau Saddam Hussein o nga mano tini o hoia i patua. Counting nga parekura o ngā pakanga, kaiwhakatuma me ētahi atu rōpū e kua whawhai ki te whakakotahitanga, ki te kawe i roto i taea.

Na tatou te tātai i te mate o te hangarau US i Iraq. I roto i te pakanga ngaro nga Ameliká 80 tauira o tāke "Abrams". i nui ano US parekura rererangi i roto i Iraq. i koperea iho 20 US rererangi. Te nuinga pāngia mihini waitohu F-16 me F / A-18. I tua atu, i koperea 86 US topatopa ki raro.

Ko te āhuatanga i muri i te withdrawal o ngā hōia US

I muri i te withdrawal o ngā hōia US i Iraq, kua tupuheke te āhuatanga. whakaara ratou o ratou mahunga, he tokomaha extremist me te kaiwhakatuma whakahaere. Ko te whai mana te nuinga o enei ko te whakarōpūtanga o LIH, e ka ketia tona ingoa ki "State Islamic", te kī ki te hei i te tikanga i roto i te ao Ihirama. whakaturia e ia te mana o ngā wāhi nui i roto i Iraq, a i muri i te tīmatanga o te pakanga kaiākiri i roto i Hiria atu tona mana i runga i te āhua.

whakaohokia Mahi LIH te āwangawanga o whenua maha i roto i te ao. I whakaturia ki tenei whakakotahi hou o ngā rōpū arahina e te United States. Hei uru te whawhai ki hoto ko Russia, e, Heoi, mahi takitahi. Ko te taa o tenei mahi takoto i roto i te meka i kawea nga Hoa i aro rangi anake i roto i Hiria ko Iraq, engari e kore e huihui ki te pokanoa teretetiera. Na roto i te mahi o te rohe Allied whakahaeretia e nga militants o te kāwanatanga Islamic, kua heke te reira tino, Heoi, tonu te whakahaere ki te tū he riri nui ki te ao.

Heoi, i reira e maha atu ope ātete, te totohe i waenganui i nei e kore e hoatu e te ao puta i roto i Iraq .. Sunnis, Shiites, Kurds, me ētahi atu kupu, kua kore te whakahaere US hōia ki te whakarato i te rangimarie pūmau i roto i te rohe. E haere ratou, a kahore e mahi tetahi o nga mahi matua.

Mahu'inga me nunu'a o te whakaekenga US o Iraq

Mō whakatika te whakaekenga o ope whakakotahi i Iraq, i reira e maha whakaaro taupatupatu. Ko whakaae te nuinga o ngā tohunga e i muri i te pakanga Iraq kua meinga nui atu iu te rohe, me te hiahiatanga mo te stabilization o te āhuatanga ano. Ano, he maha tau tōrangapū rongonui nei whai wāhi i roto i te whakatau ki te urutomo i Iraq mea, kua e ko te whawhai ki a Hussein te hape. I roto i ngā, ka mea ai i te matenga o te Komihana motuhake o Pakirehua, te mua kawana Interior Minita o Great Britain John Chilcot.

O te akoranga, ko Saddam Hussein he tonotono angamaheni nei tāmia te pato'iraa, a whakamahia tāmitanga. Ia ano toutou whakahaere mahi hōia pukuriri ki ētahi atu whenua. Otiia, kua mutu te nuinga o ngā tohunga e te kore e whakaaetia te patu e wātea ana i roto i Hussein i te timatanga o te rau tau XXI ki a ia te hanga i te-tauine nui ngā mahi hōia, rite kitea e te hinga āhua tere o te Iraqi ope whakakotahitanga ope auau.

A tikanga a Hussein, ia ite maha tohunga te iti o kino e rua, whakaritea ki te hepohepo, kua meinga e taea i roto i te rohe i muri i tona hurihanga, me ki te riri tonu-te whakanui ake i te Islamic State.