Ko te tātai o te chlorophyll me tona tūranga i roto i te tukanga o te ahotakakame

He aha ko te tarutaru, ko te rau i runga i te rakau, me rakau matomato? Faahapa chlorophyll. Ka taea e koe te tango i te taura kaha o te matauranga, me te whai wāhi a ia i roto i te ia rātau kaha.

kōrero

I muri i te haerenga iti ki te mua ngā tata. Hohepa Bienaimé Caventou ko Pierre Zhozef Pellete - e te e hiahia ana koe ruru ki ringa. tamata tangata Pūtaiao ki wehe te ngarahu matomato o te rau o ngā tipu. i karaunatia tautooraa ki te angitu i roto i te 1817.

Hei whakaingoa i tētahi chlorophyll ngarahu. Mai i te chloros Kariki - matomato me phyllon - whārangi. Otiia te mua, i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, ka haere mai Michael Rihard Vilshtetter Tae me tatou ki te mutunga: huri i te reira i roto i, ngā rave rahi wähanga i roto i te chlorophyll.

Okeoke ake ana, karekau, haere Willstätter ki te mahi. Purenga me te whātioatanga whakakitea e rua ngā wāhanga. Karangatia noa ratou, Arepa me te peta (he, me te b). Hoki nga mahi i roto i te mara o te ako o te taonga i roto i te tau 1915, i kawea ano e ia ki te taonga Nobel.

I te tau 1940 fokotu'u Hans Fischer e te hanganga whakamutunga ao o te chlorophyll "te". Kingi kete Robert Burns Woodward me te maha o ngā pūtaiao i Amerika riro i roto i te 1960. chlorophyll te ngau ke. Na te whakaoti i te mea ngaro - te ahua o te chlorophyll.

āhuatanga matū

Tātai chlorophyll, whakaritea i te tawhā whakamātautau, he rite whai: F ₅₅ H ₇₂ N ₅ e ₄ Mg. Ko te hanganga ngā waikawa organic dicarboxylic (chlorophyllin), me methyl waipiro me te phytol. Chlorophyllin - Ko he pūhui organometallic he pā ana hāngai ana ki te magniyporfirinam me te kei roto hauota.

COOH

MgN ₄ OH ₃₀ F ₃₂

COOH

puta chlorophyll pūhākawa tika ki te meka e nga wahi o mewaro waipiro CH ₃ OH me phytol C ₂₀ H ₃₉ OH toe whakakapi te hauwai o te rōpū carboxyl.

Whakanohoia i runga ake i te tātai hanganga o te ārepa chlorophyll. āta A feruri i te reira, e taea te kite i te reira e te hāora ngota beta-chlorophyll kotahi atu engari iti iho i te rua ngota hauwai (cho rōpū i roto i te wahi o te CH _3). No reira, te rāpoi Arepa taimaha chlorophyll raro atu i te peta.

I roto i te waenganui o te matūriki o moni ki a matou mea noho konupora. hono te reira ki te 4 ngota hauota o te rōpū pyrrole. Ka taea te kite Pūnaha o timatanga, me te ngā here rua i roto i nga mea tuhonohono pyrrole.

Chromophore hanganga, tino pai ki te hanganga o te chlorophyll - he N. tenei tenei ka taea te absorption o nga hihi takitahi o te tūāwhiorangi solar, me ona tae, noa'tu eaha ra te ra kaitahu rite te mura, a i roto i te ahiahi ano he ngarahu.

Kia tahuri tatou ki te rahi. Porphyrin matua diameter o 10 nm, ko roa atu i te 2 nm kongakonga fitolny. I roto i te karihi, chlorophyll ko 0.25 nm, nga microparticles i waenganui i nga rōpū iti pyrrole hauota.

Me kï reira e te ngota konupora i te wahi o te chlorophyll te diameter o 0.24 anake nm, a nui rawa whakakiia ana te wāhi i waenganui i te ngā ngota hauota o te rōpū pyrrole, e hanga te matua o te rāpoi ngota ki te kia atu kaha.

Ko taea ki te haere mai ki te mutunga e te wāhanga e rua i raro i ngāwari i huaina Arepa me te peta, me ngā chlorophyll (he, me te b).

chlorophyll te

Ko te papatipu whanaunga o te rāpoi ngota - 893,52. Waihanga noho nga microcrystals wehea mangu ki te kauruku puru. I te pāmahana o 117-120 degrees, kua rewa ratou, ka whakaahua ke ki te wai.

I roto i te chloroform waihā taua, rewa hauwaiwaro me te benzene e atu ohie. Ko te hua tango i te tae puru-matomato, me he āhuatanga motuhake - fluorescence taonga whero. Paku wairewa i roto i te hinu Etera. E kore e te wai matomato i te katoa.

Arepa chlorophyll Tātai: F ₅₅ H ₇₂ N ₅ e ₄ Mg. Ko te taonga i roto i tona hanganga matū tuku ki rite haumāota. I roto i te whakakai ki te waikawa propionic, ara tona morehu, piri phytol.

Ētahi rauropi tipu, hei utu o chlorophyll te, he puka orotahi. Here, he rōpū Ethyl (-CH ₂ -CH ₃₎ i roto i II mowhiti pyrrole i whakakapi i te vinyl (-CH = CH _2). Kei roto i te rāpoi ngota taua te tuatahi, me te rōpū vinyl i roto i te mowhiti kotahi, e rua mowhiti tuarua.

chlorophyll b

Tātai chlorophyll-beta kua te puka e whai ake nei: F ₅₅ H ₇₀ N ₄ e ₆ Mg. Ko te taimaha o te taonga rāpoi ko 903. I te C ₃ ngota waro i roto i te pyrrole mowhiti e rua waipiro kitea moka kowaiwai o te hauwai -HC = E, e kua he tae kōwhai. Ko tenei pērā chlorophyll he.

maia tatou ki te kia tuhia e i roto i ngā wāhanga motuhake tūturu o te pūtau e e faufaa ki ona plastids oraraa tonu, chloroplasts, noho e rave rahi ngā momo o te chlorophyll.

Chlorophyll c me d

I roto i te cryptomonads, dinoflagellates, me rite i roto i te batsillariofitsievyh me rimurapa kitea ki te chlorophyll. Classic porphyrin - e te te rerekētanga i waenganui i tenei ngarahu.

Hoki pükohu, te tae whero o te chlorophyll d. ruarua ētahi tona oraraa. Kei te whakapono te reira e ko te reira anake te hua chlorophyll tupu o te. I te kau, ka taea e tatou he pakari te mea e chlorophyll ki te reta d - ko te tae te tahi mea matua e prokaryotes photosynthetic.

āhuatanga o te chlorophyll

I muri nui rangahau i reira ko taunakitanga e te āhuatanga o te chlorophyll, e noho i roto i te tipu, me te tangohia i reira, dissimilarity kite. Chlorophyll i roto i ngā tipu, i honoa e ki te pūmua. Ka kitea tënei i te kitenga e whai ake nei:

1. Absorption tūāwhiorangi o chlorophyll i roto i te rau i tetahi atu, ki te whakarite tatou i te reira ki te mau haapiiraa.
2. waipiro Pure i tipu maroke whakaahuatanga kaupapa ki te tiki tūturu. puta Extraction humarie i te rau pai-i whakamakuku, ki te waipiro ranei, ki te kia tihi ake te wai. Kei te whai pānga te reira ki te wehenga chlorophyll ki raro pūmua.
3. Material unu i nga rau o te tipu, kua tere ngaro i raro i te mana o te hāora, he waikawa ero, nga hihi marama.

Otiia chlorophyll i roto i ngā tipu ātete ki katoa o te runga ake.

chloroplasts

I roto i te tipu, i roto chlorophyll 1% o te mea maroke. Kimihia taea i roto i te organelles motuhake o te pūtau - plastids, e whakaatu ana i te tohatoha pāhiwihiwi o reira i roto i te tipu. plastids pūtau, pania i roto i te tae matomato, me te mea he chlorophyll, kua karangatia e chloroplasts.

Ko te maha o te H ₂ E i roto i chloroplasts pae i ngā 58 ki te 75% totoka ihirangi o pūmua, lipids, chlorophyll me carotenoids.

mahi chlorophyll

Kua kitea Scientists he maere rāpoi faitatau taputapu o chlorophyll me te pūtoto - matua wāhanga romahā o te toto tangata. Ko te rerekētanga ko e i roto i te pūhui maikuku waenganui i roto i te huawhenua ngarahu whakanohoia konupora me te pūtoto - rino.

I roto i te ahotakakame, te otaota o te ao absorbs waro putanga hauhā hāora. Ko tetahi atu āhuatanga nui o te chlorophyll Here. Na roto i te mahi e taea te whakaritea ki te pūtoto, engari te nui o te rongo i runga i te tinana tangata, he torutoru ake.

Chlorophyll - he ngarahu tipu, i te mea tairongo ki te marama, me te pani ki te matomato. Next he ahotakakame, i roto i nei ona microparticles tahuri pūngao o te ra whenumi e te pūtau tipu ki te pūngao matū.

Ka taea e koe te haere mai ki te whakatau e whai ake nei e te ahotakakame - ko te tukanga faafariuraa pūngao o te ra. Ki te whakawhirinaki ngā mōhiohio rā, kua tuhia te reira e te decomposed te rere o te kōtuitui o ngā pūhui matū waro i te hauhā me te wai mā te whakamahi i te pūngao marama ki e toru ngā wāhanga.

atamira №1

faaoti tēnei wāhanga e i roto i te tukanga o te whāwehe ahomatū o te wai, me te āwhina o te chlorophyll. kukuwhatanga He o te hāora rāpoi.

atamira №2

Here i reira e rave rahi tauhohe pitihāoratanga. tango ratou i te whakatairanga mātātoa o te cytochromes me ētahi atu kawe o irahiko. Tauhohenga e wahi e tika ana ki te pūngao marama kawea e irahiko i te wai ki te NADPH generator me ATP. Tenei te rongoa te pūngao marama.

atamira №3

Kua hanga e NADPH me ATP huinga i roto i te nekehanga ki te tahuri te hauhā ki te warowaihā. whai wāhi te pūngao marama horomia e i roto i te tauhohe o te 1 me te 2 ngā wāhanga. Tauhohenga o te muri, ko te tuatoru ki te puta ki waho o te whai wāhitanga o te ao, me te huaina pouri.

Ahotakakame - te tukanga koiora anake o haere i te piki pūngao noa. Fakahangatonu pe ta'efakahangatonu, whakarato wāhi ki te wairua pakihi matū noho te whenua o rua-waewae, parirau, parihau, mōkai, me ētahi atu rauropi.

Pūtoto, me te chlorophyll

He uaua nga muingota o te pūtoto, me te chlorophyll, engari i te wa ano i te hanganga ngota rite. Common i roto i to ratou hanganga ko PROFIN - he mowhiti o mowhiti iti. Ko te rerekētanga i kite i roto i te otrostochkah piri ki te ProFin me ngota kei roto: rino ngota (Fe) i roto i te pūtoto i chlorophyll konupora (Mg).

Chlorophyll me pūtoto e rite i roto i te hanganga, engari te hanga rerekē hanganga pūmua. Huri noa te chlorophyll konupora ngota i hanga a tawhio noa rino - pūtoto. Ki te tangohia e tatou rāpoi ngota chlorophyll wai, me te ki te momotu hiku fitolny (20 waro mekameka), huringa i roto i te ngota konupora rino, te matomato ngarahu ki whero. Ka rite ki te hua - te rāpoi ngota pūtoto oti.

Riro e chlorophyll he tere, me te ngāwari, te whakawhetai ïa ki tenei faitatau. tautoko pai te tinana i te hāora te hemokai. Saturates te toto micronutrients e tika ana, i konei he reira pai ki te kawe i te nui tino mo te ora o te taonga ki te pūtau. puta te reira i tuku wā o ngā rauemi ururua, tāoke me ururua hua i te pākia tūturu. He he pānga i runga i te pūtau toto ma hohe, te akiaki ia ratou.

Whakaahuatia te aito, kahore te wehi, me te kahore tawai tiaki, haapuai kiriuhi pūtau, te āwhina ki te whakahoki mai i te kiko tūhonohono. Na roto i te maitai o te chlorophyll kia ngā whakaora tere o tuwhenua, patunga me erosions rerekē. Whakapiki i miramira te mahi ārai i te kaha ki te hopu i te disorders pathological rāpoi DNA.

He au pai i roto i te maimoatanga o te mate, me te maremare. e kore ko te rārangi katoa o mahi pai taonga arotakengia tenei.