Ko wai te mite? "I raro i te" āhuatanga. (Gorky)

Ko te tākaro "te rire Lower" i tuhituhia e Maxim Gorky i 1902. A ia, o te akoranga, i kore te haere hia rānei te pūtirotiro ranei i roto i ngā pokapū kāwanatanga, rite kore kua riro te perception mārama ka meinga he rota o kōrero me te kawekawe korero. Ko te ingoa taketake i reira he tokomaha :. "Doss whare", "raro", "te kore te ra," "I te raro o te ora" Ka rite ki te hua, i huaina te reira i taua, i whānui, me kua whakaritea te kōrero ano. parau te tākaro te kōrero o te rawakore, me nga tangata meapango o te whare rooming cheap, rite te pa paru, me te whakarerea. I mua i puta ki te kaupapa o "tohu" i te raro "āhuatanga", he iti e pā ana ki te whakamārama o te hanganga o te tākaro iho.

Ko te hanga o "nga rire Lower"

tukua production tapere i anake i roto i te Moscow Art Theatre. ka mau tona tuatahi angitu i raro i te aronga o Stanislavsky wahi Hakihea 18, 1902. takaro ia tetahi o nga pūāhua pokapū - Satina. I roto i 1904, te tākaro "te rire Lower" riro te tohu Griboyedov.

I runga i te hanga atamira emepaea o te tākaro i rāhuitia, engari i roto i 1903 i te Assembly Noble me i roto i te whare ka mau a N. P. Karabchevskogo St Petersburg kaiwhakaari wahi i roto i te pānuitanga e rua "i roto i te iwi." tukua te reira ki te hoatu i te tākaro, engari anake ki whakatikatika nui tae noa ki 1905 anake ki te whakaae o mana ā-rohe. I roto i te pokapū o te wahi - e rua mātāpono taha e: te parau mau nanakia me "takoto hanahana."

Ngā āhuatanga o te hero: moni iti ( "te rire Lower" Gorky M.). Ko nga tangata o te whare Doss

puritia Kostylev te whare rooming, nohoia e te iwi ko wai e taea anake te whakaahuatia rite nga nganga o te hapori: haurangi, tinihanga kāri, tahae o whiu katoa, kairau, me te ara kaikohuru. ora tonu etahi o ratou ki te tumanako mo te pai, i ētahi atu tino pawera me te pai ki te whawhai mo to ratou wahi i raro i te ra, me te ora i nga ture o te wuruhi. Na reira, i reira he me i reira he ngutungutu tamau me whawhai.

Ko tētahi o ratou, Vaska Pepel - tahae i roto i te aroha ki a Natasha, tuahine, wahine Kostyleva Vasilisa, Satin - Kāri Sharpie me te kaitautoko o te pono e whakapono e kia whakaute te tangata, me te kore ki te ite pouri mo te tangata koroheke Luca - he tangata ke atawhai e aroha ana tangata katoa, me te kitea e te kupu tika mo te whakamarie, ara, ki te te takoha reira ki te takoto. Baron - he rangatira nui rawakore, maumauria tana waimarie, ka hi'opo'ai te - Unemployed matini kaimahi me tana wahine Anna. Ko te pā ana ki reira atu, i roto i te meka, ka e kōrero.

Tohua. "I te raro". āhuatanga

Ko te mite i roto i te whare rooming atu i te kotahi, tana wahine, tino pau, e takoto ana i runga i te moenga, a ko e pā ana ki ki te mate o te kohi. Reira e kore tata e whakatika, a nui te mauiui, mare rāoa.

Ko te kaupapa o "tohu" i raro i te "āhuatanga" kia tāpiri ahau e he rawa i rahuitia, me te kiripiro tenei huru, krovushki i tana wahine, inu nui ia, ko ia to ratou inattention me whiu tamau a kawea ana e ia ki te taua kāwanatanga e wehingia ana. E ia tino kore tikanga o te aroha me te tohu mo ia. Heoi, hoki ahau mite hiahia ki te hoki ki te ora noa, me te tonu mau atu etahi wahi rino i roto i te tumanako e ka hoko ratou. Otiia hohoro tīmata ia ki te ite e te mea tino maumau tona mahi me hiahia kahore tetahi.

Tohua āhuatanga o te tākaro te kupu "te Lower Rire," Gorky e ko ia he tino kino kino ana te tangata iwi, rawa hoki o tenei flophouse whakatara. Tenei hero whakapehapeha rerekē ia me ētahi atu whakapono e he rangitahi ana raruraru katoa, a hohoro he tino ki te kitea i te mahi ia. Mite tonu ki nga tautohetohe katoa me nga tono o tana wahine e kore e ki te karanga, he ia parau manavasii haepapa, "a ngaruru iho!". A ka ui Anna te karenga, me ki te tango ia ia ki roto ki te whare, whakakahore ia reira, no te mea he wehi ki te hopu i te matao i roto i te matao ia. Ehara i te mea roa, ko Anna, o te akoranga, he mate, a hoki te aroha Luke, mea rawakore, a reira ko kahore tetahi ki te tatarahapa.

mutunga

He aha e taea te mea i roto i te mutunga i runga i "Tohua. "I te raro": te āhuatanga hero "? whakakeke poto mite ratou huru unflattering, i roto i te mutunga tonu hoatu ake ana moe o te ora pai, me te mahi, ka anga ano ahau ki te noho hoki a haurangi ki te toenga o tramps whare Doss.