Konganuku whenua Rare

milioni Rare - he rōpū āhua iti o ngā pūtau, e kua he katoa o 17 māngai. rauemi aroaro ratou katoa tae hiriwa-ma.

huānga whenua Rare me te hītori o ratou kitea

kua tata anake whakatuwheratia tenei rōpū o matū. Tauira i te tuatahi kitea i roto i te 1794. Ahakoa te kēmihi Finnish Johan Gadolin ako tauira ore e tata ana te wahi i huaina Ytterby. Here kitea e ia he "whenua wai" unknown, i reira i te ingoa i muri i te wāhi - yttrium. I muri i te tahi mau wa, ano te korenga i nga tauira Martin Klaport, kua tohaina e te taonga atu, ko muri i te ao Ceres cerium.

A i te 1907 kua i kitea 14 o taua āhuatanga.

whakaurua te tino taua ingoa o "fenua onge" i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 18. Here, te tūranga takaro e te meka e hanga nga āhuatanga katoa o te rōpū waikura whakangutungutu e te hunga i whakaritea rewa i roto i te wai. I tua atu, i te pūtaiao o te wa hape whakapono e he onge i kirinuku o te whenua i enei konganuku.

konganuku whenua Rare: te māngai o te rōpū

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, Kei tenei rōpū o 17 huānga matū. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Lanthanum.
• Cerium (ingoa i roto i te kororia o Ceres, he aorangi).
• Neodymium.
• Pradeozim.
• Samarium.
• Promethium.
• Gadolinium.
• Europe.
• Terbium.
• Holmium.
• Dysprosium.
• Erbium.
• Ytterbium.
• Lutetium.
• Thulium.

Te mea faahiahia, te waho taumata irahiko e tata ngā o ngota. E whakamārama ana tēnei i te matū me ngā āhuatanga tinana o konganuku.

Ko te konganuku whenua onge me ratou āhuatanga matū

Māngai o tenei rōpū i te tauhohenga āhua nui, i te mea tino nui ka wera. Hei tauira, i te pāmahana teitei e nehenehe o te tauhohe i ki te hydrogenous etahi konganuku.

I tua atu, mā te whakawera ariu enei āhuatanga ki te hāora, hanga he tēpara, waikura wai-rewa. Ratau, konganuku ina tahu i roto i te hāora kōhauhau kitea te kukuwhatanga o te wera nui. Ko reira hoki te āhuatanga tenei rōpū e pyrophoricity - fiefia rawa i roto i te rangi.

kia hoki konganuku whenua Rare hanga waihā e he ruarua wairewa i roto i te wai, me te whai i etahi āhuatanga amphoteric.

Tata āhuatanga ngā mema katoa o te rōpū e te kāwanatanga piti hāora o +3. āhuatanga Hohe rerekē. Kei te whakaaro te reira i te lanthanum tino kaha.

Extraction o konganuku whenua onge

I roto i te nuinga o te wā, puta tahi milioni onge. kei Kotahi toka tauira e rave rahi te mau melo o te rōpū. Ki te rā, i reira e neke atu i te 250 kohuke, e ko te wahi o te huānga whenua onge. Ko te kohuke nui ngā monazite, Parisi Księte, orthite.

whakaaro te taonga tino noa i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua te cerium. Ko kei thulium me lutetium i roto i te natura te nui te iti rawa.

I roto i te 2008, i keri te ao e pā ana ki 124 mano toni o konganuku whenua onge. whakaaro nga kau taki i roto i tenei hanga te ki whenua pērā i India, China ko Brazil.

Tetahi atu wahi o putunga nui o konganuku whenua onge kitea i roto i 2011. E Kei ēnei wāhi i runga i te raro o te Pacific Ocean, e tata ana Hawaii, French Polynesia ko Tahiti.

Ko te konganuku whenua onge me ratou whakamahinga

E whakamahia ana ēnei āhuatanga i roto i ngä rängai rawa rerekē. Hei tauira, kei te whakamahia whānuitia e ratou i roto i te ahumahi karaihe. Tuatahi, hua ana o ratou te translucency o te karaihe. Tuarua, kei te whakamahia ēnei konganuku mō te whakaaro motuhake hanga karaihe - karaihe ngongo hihi hihi katinga rongoa transmissive pōkākā ranei. Ki te āwhina o ngā rauemi whenua onge hua karaihe wera-ātete.

I roto i te whakamahine i ēnei āhuatanga hei kaiwhakakökï. Kei te whakamahia hoki ratou i roto i te ahumahi matū mo te hanga o te kounga teitei peita, varnishes me ngā uhi.