Konstantin Sergeevich Novosolov: biography, ngā mahi pūtaiao, me te pāpori, ngā tohu me te paraihe. Nobel i Physics (2010)

Ko te ahupūngao Russian pai-mohiotia, riro tangata whenua o Ingarangi, me te Tā hoki, he mema o te Royal Society o London, te Nobel i Physics. Ko wai te mea ia? Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich!

biography

whanau pūtaiao Famous i roto i te pa o Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk rohe August 23, 1974 i roto i te hapu o te mataaro pūkaha me te kaiako o te reo Ingarihi i te tau kura 39, te kaiwhakarewa, me te kaiwhakahaere o nei i kotahi tona koroua, Viktor Konstantinovich Novoselov.

Te riroraa i roto i te ono o te kōeke, ite Constantine āheinga tino me kī tuatahi i roto i te whakataetae ā-rohe i roto i te ahupūngao, me muri mai, i te whakataetae katoa-Union, korerotia angitu, tomo te runga tekau. I te tau 1991 puta ia atu ahupūngao reta me te kura hangarau, a meinga ana ia hei ākonga i te Moscow Physical-Hangarau Institute te taua tau. Kei te whakangungua e ia i roto i te makehe "Nanotechnology" i te Faculty o Tinana ko Quantum Electronics, a puta ki hōnore i te Institute, i muri i tangohia e ia ki te mahi i roto i IMT RAS (Institute o Microelectronics Technology RAS) i roto i Chernogolovka. I reira puta ia i te kura puta i raro i te aronga o Yuriya Dubrovskogo.

tāwāhi

I roto i te 1999, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - he ahupūngao ki te ingoa kua whakapumautia, oho ki te Netherlands. I reira, i te Whare Wānanga o Nijmegen, mahi tahi ia ki a Andrei Geim. Mai 2001, kua oti pūtaiao mahi ki te Whare Wānanga o Manchester. I roto i te 2004 e tango ia i te tohu o Doctor o Philosophy (Jan Kees maan upoko).

I te kau, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - he ahorangi o te Royal Society, a Ahorangi o Physics ko Pāngarau i te University o Manchester, a he raraunga rua (Russian me te Basileia United). Na ora ia i roto i Manchester.

rangahau

Ko te mohiotia Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov? E ai ki te ti'amâraa tātari Thomson Reuters, ahupūngao Russian-Ingarangi ko tetahi o te pūtaiao tino pinepine faahitihia. I tona pene ka haere mai nga oko pūtaiao 190. Heoi, ko te nui tino o tona rangahau ko, o te akoranga, Graphene. Kua rongo tokomaha te iwi ki te kupu, i te mea ohie, me te mōhio. Hangarau tino poto, me te huatau, rite anaana katoa. ako atu o te Graphene me ona tono, kia whakamōhio tangata ki te wā o ngā pūrere ultra-nohopuku me ultrathin pūkoro me te rorohiko, waka hiko, me te hanganga kaha, engari rawa Kōmāmā.

hōnore

A, no te haere Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov ki te mahi i University Manchester, ka e ia te matenga o te hoa matua i Russia, Andre Geim. E te wa ia kua roa kua mahi i roto i te rangahau i roto i tenei rohe, ka i taea ki te whakaputa uri i te huarahi o te adhesion o ringaringa o koka, ka hāngai ki runga hanga reira i te rīpene tāpiapia, e muri whakamahia i roto i te mahi ahupūngao ki Graphene. I mua i āwhina e Geim he ākonga Hainamana, engari, i roto i nga kupu o te ahupūngao, ka anga te mahi ki te neke i muri anake ka mau i te reira Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich. I whakawhiwhia te Nobel ki a ratou i roto i Oketopa 2010. Kei te mohiotia tenei Novoselov rite te Laureate whakaotinga Nobel i ahupūngao (mo te 37 nga tau whakamutunga), e kore anake i te kau e whanau ia anake te pūtaiao i roto i Nobel premiatov i muri i 1970.

I roto i te taua 2010 Novoselov riro te taitara o rangatira o te Order o te Tatimana Lion mo tona wāhi nui ki te pūtaiao o te Netherlands, a muri, i roto i te 2011, he tikanga o Kuini Elizabeth ll meinga ia he Knight-bachelor, kua hoki tona takoha ki te pūtaiao o te Basileia United. hui nui o te tomokanga ki te Knights tū i muri i roto i te puna o 2012, rite tūmanakohia, i Buckingham Palace. arahina ia tana tamahine, Kuini, Princess Anne.

Me ahau mea e riro Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov, ngā mahi pūtaiao, me te pāpori e he āhua whānui, tetahi tohu whaimana mo te ako o Graphene, hoko i te toa o te tohu "Evrofizika" i roto i te 2008. Kei te whakawhiwhia te reira i nga rua tau, Nobel toa i roto i ona ngä kaiwhiwhi ko ma toru anake. Ko te utu ko te utu moni, me te tiwhikete o te rite. Ia riro ano Kurti, Heoi kahore he hoki Graphene me mo te rārangi o ngā whakatutukitanga i roto i te rohe o te pāmahana iti me mara autō,.

Mō te utuafare me te ora

Ko te whai hoa oaoa ki tana wahine Irina Konstantin Novoselov. Ahakoa he Russian hoki reira, ako pūtaiao noa atu i roto i te Netherlands. mai Irina i Vologda, mahi i roto i te rangahau i roto i te mara o te koiora, PhD (mau tuhinga i roto i St Petersburg). E te tokorua tokorua nga tamahine, whanau mahanga Sophie ko Vic i roto i 2009.

Stanislavski, i roto i ana kupu ake, e kore te papa, e noho hoki wiki i roto i te taiwhanga e haere i te tamarikitanga o ratou tamariki. Hoki ki a ia whakaaroa transistor iti o te ao, me te whakaako tana tamahine ki te tatau ki te rua tekau-whitu - te tahi mea e tu i roto i te rarangi kotahi. "Kahore tetahi i ake mahi ki a koe," - e ai ta ia.

I roto i te tahuri, e kore ana matua tamata ki te whakawhāiti i tana tama i roto i manakohia. Kua tonu kua ratou whakaaro e ko to ratou tama rawa pūmanawa, me, rite ta ia, he ahupūngao, e kore e miharo, no te riro ia i te Nobel.

I roto i te uiuiraa no te makasini Esquire, uru ia e hiahia ana ia ki te ako ki te tākaro i te piana. ako ia, Heoi, i tona ake whakauru, he kāre nga hua.

i runga i te USSR

whanau Stanislavski i roto i te Soviet Union, a riro te mātauranga pai. Ia ia fa'i e te mōhiotanga hohonu taua o te wahi ki te tiki i te iti. Otiia e kore e te haere i te reira ki te hoki ki Russia mai. Pea ko reira no te mea o tenei, i oke ai tawai etahi kairīpoata ia mo tona kore o te mea ïa. Tenei mataotao ta e kore te reira e pā ana ki te moni, tika i roto i Ingarangi mahi haumaru, no te mea e kore e tangata pokanoa i roto i o koutou take.

Novoselov e ora ohie, e kore e noho i runga i rahunga - ko tetahi o ona ture taketake tenei. Ki te mea i reira e fifi i roto i te hononga ki te iwi, e kore tamata ia ki te arahi ki te matao, engari ki te he te reira momotu, waiho te kupu whakamutunga ki te tangata tetahi atu. I roto i te ahupūngao rongonui reira he maha ngā raruraru noa o te ora, mo te tauira, e kua kua e ia pai ki te whakapau i tetahi moni, noa ki te tiki i etahi wa free.

Ko tona ora ki te mahi me te okiokinga, e kore ia e wehe, pea ko te hua mātauranga matua tenei. I te kāinga, kei te whakaaro ia e pā ana ki te ahupūngao, me i mahi - wātea noa te wairua.

He aha te mea Graphene

Ahakoa, o te akoranga, te whakatutukitanga katoa i roto i te parae o ahupūngao, ko te mahi matua o Novoselov me noho tonu Graphene. whakahaere tenei hanganga, i he tuatahi e wātea ana i roto i te taiwhanga e to matou hoa, he rua-ahu "mata" o te ngota waro i roto i te matotoru o tetahi ngota. Novoselov ia ta e kore e faingataa te hangarau, me te hanga i Graphene e taea ia, tata improvised. ta ia e he reira nui ki te tīmata i te graphite hokona pai, ahakoa e taea te whakamahi i te reira noa pene rākau me te noho i te iti i runga i te tïpako silicon me te rīpene piripiri. whakaritea katoa ki te waihanga Graphene he rite! Ko te kupu, e kore te rauemi e tokoiti te corporations nui, mooni hoatu Novoselov ko Geim reira ki te ao.

āhuatanga maere

miharo hoki āhuatanga hiko ahupūngao o tenei rauemi. E ai ki a ia, e taea te whakamahi i te Graphene i roto i transistors, e e ngana ana ki te mahi i te tika i teie nei i roto i te tahi mau kamupene, whakakapi i te kōrero mōhio i roto i ngā pūrere pūkoro.

E ai ki te Novoselov, ka faahuru Graphene hangarau. He wāhi o tetahi pakimaero pūtaiao kiriata - te reira gadgets maere, mārama, kikokore, kahore breakable me ki taumahinga nui. Ki te mea ka āta te kauwhata whakakapi hangarau silicon tawhitotia o te pikitia ka waiho i roto i te ora.

Ko te rangahau ake nui Novoselov me Geim? Ko te meka e ratou oho tata tonu i te taiwhanga ki conveyors, me te ake - kua tino āwhina i roto i te tīmatanga o te tau.

hangarau heke mai

Kei hea te whakamahi ia i teie nei Graphene? e mea he e kore i taea e te taua rauemi tata kitea ano e horapa whānui, me ki etahi whānuitanga he pono tenei. E tonu Tata whanaketanga katoa whakamātau i roto i te āhua me te kore e tukua mo te hanga papatipu. Heoi, ki te tono i tēnei rauemi e whai ana inaianei ki te tata katoa ngā wāhanga e, pea, e taea te huaina i te mau "Graphene kirika."

Tatau ia, i te noa'tu o te taimaha iti me te māramatanga tata tonu (absorbs reira 2% o te marama tuku, rite te taua rite te karaihe matapihi noa), ko te tino roa te rauemi. rangahau Tata e pūtaiao American whakakitea e he i konatunatua ki te kirihou pai Graphene. Nā tēnei, i roto i te rawa taimaha-ohipa e taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā wāhi katoa, kopikopiko i te hanga o te taonga me te waea pūkoro ki te tākirirangi pūtaiao.

Ko kē Graphene Momo o pākahiko mō waka hiko. E āhuatanga ratou i te kaha nui, me te wa e mea iti. Pea ko reira no te mea e te raruraru ki waka hiko kia faatiti'aifarohia, a ka waiho te waka i te na'ina'i me tino taiao.

whakamahia Graphene te i roto i te whanaketanga o awhi pa hou mō ngā waea pūkoro. Ki te taea te whakahaeretia pūoko puāwaitanga i runga i te mata papatahi, na te kauwhata o tenei hē tangohia, no te mea e taea te piko te reira i pai ai. I tua atu, ka meinga kawe ia hiko tiketike whakautu ki te iti.

I roto i te rererangi,

missiles Housing me rererangi, i hanga ki te whakamahi o te Graphene ka kia e rave rahi mau taime ngāwari atu, e nui te whakaiti utu wahie. ka waiho kia cheap e utu i te haere ki te atu pito o te whenua, ka taea ki te ringa kotahi te rerenga. Otiia, i roto i te tua ki te pāhihi waka, ka pā tenei, o te akoranga, me te utanga. ka waiho pai nui Supply mamao pito o te ao, na reira, ki te ora me te mahi i reira ka kia atu iwi.