Koropuku: he mahi hangarau pūrere. hanganga rerewhenua

He wāhi o te whakakorekore utanga ko te mahi kōmaka i roto i i whakatakotoria āhua ki te kia tonoa ki te tetahi ki tetahi aronga ranei. Station, i runga i nei te tohatoha anō o taonga, ka karanga kōmaka. I roto i to ratou mahi whakamahi ratou he rota o whakaaro motuhake, te tino o e ko te koropuku. Kia kitea te i roto i te mea ko reira me pehea mahi reira.

āhuatanga General

Koropuku - he hanganga kei runga i te rohe o te teihana rerewē me mo te hanga whakakorenga o utanga ranei hei whakaako tereina. I roto i te meka, he mea he puranga i runga i tāpae w / e ara. Kei te hoahoa o e toru ngā wāhanga matua: paheke-i runga i te wahi, me te waikeri o te koropuku. I te faaheeraa hanganga haere mai mā te locomotive. Na ka hurihia ia motokā i raro i te mana o te mahara anake te ki te ūnga i te taha awakeri, kei nei i runga i te taha. I waenganui i ngā rārangi atu kiriata i hanga wā rawaka ki te whakawhiti i te pere i runga i te mahere hanga tito hariata unhook (e rave rahi kaata hono) ranei. whakahaeretia hariata okeoke tere te tūranga wahia, e kua rite rawa retarders pereoo puaahorofenua.

ariā taketake

Top o te pukepuke i huaina tona wāhi teitei. Tikanga, Ko tona teitei i 3.5 ki te 4.5 mita. Here kaata unhook tonoa ki te podgorochnye ara ki te ūnga ranei. Ko te rerekētanga teitei i waenganui i nga pukepuke i huaina tona akitu me te wāhi tātai mo te ara podgorochnogo awhiowhio kino. tātaitia te teitei te kia rite ki te whakarite i te wahi o te motokā ki te mahi taraiwa rawakore i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao kino ki te wāhi tātai, tangohia nei i te rakau i te 50 m i te tūranga pito o te wahia ara uaua. kiriata koropuku i huaina nohoanga wahi o reira, i nei te pereoo unhooked ranei tīmata kaupapa whakararo motuhake.

Te paheke-wahi - i waenganui i te wāhi whakamutunga turnouts kaki predgorochnoy te fariiraa i park me nga kiriata runga. Kei te nuinga o rawa tenei rohe ki protivouklonom mō waka uncoupling ngāwari, a mutu ratou. Te wahi keu, aua huaina, ko te rohe i waenganui i te kiriata runga, me te tīmatanga o kōmaka o te park. I roto i tēnei wāhanga o te ara ki te pinakitanga rahi huaina te mea tere.

Ngā momo o iari atoato

Ka taea e whakapaipai pukepuke complexes kia rānei-iu kotahi, rua-kau na. Kei te nuinga o te whakamutunga whakamahia i roto i ngā waeine nui-kōmaka, ki te nui nui o te mahi i roto i ngā tohutohu e rua. i hangaia kiriata mua anake i roto i te wāhi ki te taha tūturu o te whenua. E rave rahi o teie mau kiriata e tonu i roto i te whakamahi. I muri timata ratou ki te hanga i te ronakinaki ki te pinakitanga horihori.

rerekē kia hoki tikanga whai hua mō ngā waka braking. Te reira i katoa tei runga i te wāhi i reira kei te koropuku te. Teihana, i hanga nei e huri noa kōpuku waka, faifai kitea ratou i roto i te pa. āta taua whakato whakaritenga motuhake. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te mahi puku o kaiwhakaōrite me whakawhiti taputapu, ture motuhake, me te whakakorenga o iti uru ki te rohe o te teihana.

Ngā momo o pāka āta

Kōmaka park pea te taua i roto i te roa rite te tahi atu teihana me ngā pāka, poroa ranei. He noa pāka nuinga poroa i Amerika, i reira nga whenua pai, me te tawhiti roa i waenganui i teihana taea te hanga i te tereina anō-roa. kohia shortening i roto i te kotahi park kōmaka, hono ki ara ki ētahi atu polusostavami wehenga. Heoi, i reira he wā i te mea e pai atu ki te hoahoa i te iari motokā roa. Te reira i katoa tei runga i te rohe.

te whakatupuranga hou o kōmaka kiriata whakarato ha faingamālie ki huānga mana rohe pērā i pere me kē te fariiraa / unga papa rēhia, ki te taea o te whakamatautau i te ara iahiko e tika katoa me ririki. Iti maha taea ki te whakatau i te teihana atoato tereina whakahaere centralized i roto i ngā.

Unhook te rohe braking koropuku

Puta ana te tuatahi i roto i te rohe koropuku braking unhook mō te hanga wā te tāruarua. Kei te kawea te reira i roto i na kotahi e rua ranei TA (tūnga wahia). Next braking - kitenga e wahi i roto i te papa, ka te ūnga hariata.

mohiotia hoki i roto i te teihana o "Railways Russian" forcipate pana-retardants, me ētahi atu pūnaha e whakamahia ana mō te braking. Hei tauira, i teihana tata ki ngā wāhi noho, tineia auau whakamahia huapae tito pani ki te rapa. Ko te tōpana waku e puta ana, ka, whakaritea te kaupapa o te wira whakarewa i runga i te paninga rapa e te kaiwhakaōrite. Ko te koropuku tūranga wahia rawa ki aukume pūmau te fafau tino. He whai hua te nuinga i kīia e tiketike unhook (neke atu i te 20 km / h) ratou.

Unhook te braking i roto i te papa

Ko te rohe park mō te braking waka unhook whakaturia he maha etahi o retarders ira e whakarato ture tere Manatü-tonu ranei. Ko te tino mohio i te kau ko te wāhi waipēhi tauira ngā kaitakawaenga kōkeke. E whakahohe ratou ina rere te flange wira ki te decelerator kōkeke eke i runga i te kaki o te tereina. Ki te hipa te tere awhiowhio te (rēhitatia mā te pūoko), keto te pūngao neke te taikaha te ka oho te kōkeke te raro.

I roto i Europe, riro hoki whānui retarder waipēhi tōrino. A, no te rere te hariata i runga taua mea, mai te flange wira ki whakapā ki te protrusion tōrino o te rango, te rerekē haere hanga muri, tango wahi o te pūngao wira. Ātete, e ka whai i te retarder pereoo tei runga i te nui nui te tere o te motokā te täkupu.

Braking i runga i te teihana pinakitanga tūturu

whatianga atoato ki te mana tere rītaha tūturu te tikanga puta puta noa te heketanga, me te wāhi predparkovoy tae atu. E rite rawa kiriata ki te whakatupuranga hou i roto i kaata, e kua tū tika i roto o te ara, a taea e whakakorikoria e te tikanga o taura te mana aunoa. Ki te tika, ka taea e ara kawe koe i kaata unhooked ki waka, kia nei kia uru ai ia. Kei te whānui peheé whakaaro whakamahia mō te teihana w / d Munich, Zurich ko Rotterdam.

I tua atu e rite rawa ano whakaaro mō te braking kiriata kōmaka ki accelerators waipēhi. Kei te nuinga o kei ratou i roto i te rohe park, a kua whakahohe ka unhooked nekehanga i te tere o raro atu i te täkupu.

Ko te pūnaha tuatahi mō ngā pukepuke whakapaipai

hanga te ara i tahuri tuatahi mo te tohatoha o ngā waka i roto i Dresden i 1946. I taua wa, ara tetahi ki te whakakāhoretanga o tereina i tohaina kua i roto i Europe - ki turntables. I roto i te 1858, i te teihana Leipzig tuatahi i hanga pūnaha koropuku ahua. I roto i te puka i roto i nei mahi i te koropuku tenei ra, i hanga ai i te tuatahi i roto i te tau 1863 i runga i te teihana French Ter Nord.

protivouklon tuatahi

I roto i te 1876, i te tipu Tiamana tuatahi kōmaka tūemi motuhake ki protivouklonom wahi pepa-i runga i me te rohe takawaenga i hanga Shpeldorf. kiriata mua hanga i runga i te taha taiao, kahore protivouklona. I roto i te 1891, ka timata matou ki te tono i te papa wehenga kōmaka i runga i nga kurupae (rōpū Ara). Engari o braking whakaaro ki te whakamahia hu wahia. Ēnei whakaaro ohie ki tenei ra e taea te kitea i runga i te teihana pinakitanga tūturu.

Ko te retarder tuatahi

I roto i te pia ma o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i Europe a Amerika timata ki te whakamahi i te momo pereoo retarder kurupae. I roto i te 1923, i runga i te teihana Pākehā whakarewahia Hamm te matatini mīhini o wha retarders waipēhi. puta Nā huri noa te wa ano nga tikanga o te centralization electromechanical o te wāhi ki te kawe i roto i te mana mamao o te tereina i roto i te koropuku rohe. Ahua i muri, kua oti i hanga nga whakaaro hiko tuatahi, te rokiroki i te tikanga o haere waka. I roto i runga ki te mahi i whakaritea, kei te takitahi whakahaere ratou mīhini pana Kurupae.

aunoatanga tonu

I roto i te 1955, i te teihana Chicago whakarewahia Kirk te tuatahi matatini koropuku whakahaere. Na roto i te 1970 i roto i te nuinga o ngā teihana nui i reira ko tetahi aunoatanga oti o koropuku mahara. A iti i muri mai tīmata ratou ki te whakamahi i irirangi ki te whakahaere locomotives, ko te kupu whakapai ake hua.

whirinoa

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rautau rua tekau i reira ko te haafifi i ki te predominance o consignments iti. Nā ki nui haere whakataetae i waenganui i whakakorekore me ētahi atu momo o te utanga waka waka ipu hei hāngai, e taea ana ki te whakaiti i nga utu popoketanga me oaoa i te painga o ia momo o waka. I roto i te tikanga ki te panamaha te ipu i kaata rerewē ki ara, me te waka moana, kua wāhi motuhake rawa ki te tikanga warou. Ki te whanaketanga o Tuhinga ipu i Europe, tare maha teihana kōmaka ratou mahi pāka, e taea panamaha te ipu ki te waka i te moana, me te waka ara kahore anake, engari ano hoki i runga i ētahi atu tereina.

Ko te MSR matatini 32

Kua whakawhanakehia Siemens kamupene mo te hanganga me te ao hou, o whatianga rerewē atoato MSR matatini motuhake 32. Tei te reira i runga i te momo, me te mana o nga kiriata e hiahiatia ana, me te tona kōtaha me ngā āhuatanga rohe hanga te tauira whakamatautau e te ki te awhina o rorohiko hiko. E whakaatu ana te tauira i tūranga te pūoko tere vesomery tino tika ana, mita unhook āhuatanga, tūnga whawhati, a te tahi atu āhuatanga o te teihana kōmaka.

faa'aano te pūnaha ki tetahi whakaritenga o te whakawhetai kiritaki ki te pūrere modular. Kei te tāmau te reira i roto i kiriata ki pūkete rerekē, ngā ariā braking me kaha tukatuka. Hei tauira, i roto i Zurich kiriata, rite rawa pūnaha MSR 32, tukanga 330 waka ia haora. whakahaeretia te pūkaha e irirangi. I roto i te Vienna, he wāhi wahia rite he kaha o 320 waka ia haora. rere te locomotive o tenei ronakinaki i runga reo irirangi. E whakarato ana te pūnaha katoa te ronakinaki he utu tonu o ngā mōhiohio ki te pokapū mana. Kaiwhakahaere koropuku Me kite anake ki reira i mahi nga mea katoa kia rite ki kia reira. Ko te whārangi tuatahi o te USSR mua, te wahi kua tāuta Siemens tona hangarau ka Vaidotai teihana i roto i Lithuania. Āta te horahanga 32 MSR hangarau huri noa te ao. I nga teihana o JSC "Railways Russian", e whakamatauria hoki ratou.