Lubricants me fluids ahumahi

Hei kawe i nga tikanga, me mahi o ngā mīhini mahi whakamahia lubricants me te wai hangarau. whakarato rātou i te tika, me te kakama o te mahi o ngā taputapu.

Ngā momo o lubricants

I roto i te mahi, nekehanga o nga tikanga puta whakapā papa me ratou ino ki te wera i te waku. Hei whakaiti i tona kohuke me e whakamahia lubricants waihanga.

Lubricants me fluids ahumahi mo te wahi tino rite te pūtake mō ngā hua i roto i:

• Distillate - korehau Māturu o te hinu kora (hautanga marama);
• wäriu - Māturu o uku whiwhi.

Tetahi rite tetahi momo o te hinu kohuke e te ranu i te wāhanga distillate me wäriu i roto i etahi ōwehenga, me te tāpiri atu ki tāpiritanga ranei.

hinu waihanga whakaputaina e ariā o etahi waiwaro ki te tua tukunga improvers tikanga whakahaere.

Ngā momo o Lubricants

• motor;
• tuku;
• waipēhi;
• greases.

Tāpiritanga ki lubricants

Whakaritenga mō ngā hinu whakahaere i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, e te tightened tonu. e kore e taea ki te tino whakarato i te āhuatanga tika e taea anake e te hanga e te tua o tāpiritanga i roto i te hinu, me fluids hangarau anga Basic. Ko to ratou nui i hautau o te ōrau ki te 15%, me te runga ake.

Ngā momo o tāpiritanga:

• mahi Single - te whakarato i tetahi o nga āhuatanga: anti-kākahu, pēhanga tino, Kaore, antioxidant, te waku whakaiti, antifoam, depressor, hopiwē-dispersant, aha noa;.
• Multifunctional - pūhui polymer tiketike horo'araa hinu e rave rahi āhuatanga whakahaere;
• pōkai tāpiri me tito - tāpiritanga whakauru, me te whai pānga matū e whakapai ake i te āhuatanga, me te waihanga i tētahi kounga hou (ki runga, ki te 15 wāhanga).

Ko te āhuatanga o hinu me fluids

Hoki ngā hua pērā i te hinu, inu mahi, ranei whakaritenga GOST whakarato te huinga o ngā tawhā rerekē te tāutu ngā āhuatanga mō rātou tono.

1. Lubricity - he huinga o anti-waku, anti-kākahu me ngā āhuatanga pēhanga tino. Ko te tawhā matua ko te pokey, e faaite i te ātete rere i waenganui i nga papa wai (pokey hihiri, Pa ∙ s). Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga ko te pokey kinematic, whakaritea e te tere o te matamua wai i mahara i roto i te viscometer capillary. Kei te whanganga te reira i roto i te m ² / s. Hoki hinu fakafalala nui rawa o te pokey i runga i te pāmahana. Kei te tata i te reira e te Index pokey.
2. pūmautanga Thermal - he tohu o ngā āhuatanga antioxidant o te hinu, āhuatanga e te huringa wā o te kiriata hinu angiangi i roto i te kiriata kararehe. Ko te teitei ko reira, te hua kounga teitei. haamata te tukanga piti hāora, ka tahu ki te 50-60 ° ^C. te kaha tino whakanuia ana te tīmata i ^{pā ana ki} 250 C. te hinu pouri, me te huri i ona āhuatanga physico-matū.
3. āhuatanga hopiwē-dispersant o hinu pūkaha whakaata tona kaha ki te whakaiti i te hanganga o parataiao me putunga waro i roto i te hua parahanga pūkaha me te pupuri i roto i te whakatārewatanga.
4. Kei te āta āhuatanga Anticorrosive o hinu tupuheke e te haaputuputuraa o te kākahu otaota. tata Corrosivity e uara waikawa, whakatau te maha o mg KOH hiahiatia ki te haamou i te waikawa i roto i te 1 g o te hinu. ihirangi Waikawa i roto i tona mahi faarahi 3-5 wa, me ko ratou te tino kino mō ngā taipitopito. E pai ake i te whakauru tāpiritanga hanga kiriata tiaki i runga i ngā mata whakarewa waikawa ranei neutralizing konganuku whenua kawakore Āhuatanga o hinu.

hinu nekeneke

Reciprocating engines parariraa ā-(tio), rawa i roto i te hiahia o te whakahinuhinu. Hoki whakamahia ratou hinu nekeneke, e tīpakohia āta nga āhuatanga o nei mo te taputapu ia.

Hoki te wa roa mo te pūkaha ngingiha ā-ki te mahi i te hinu kohuke parakore. putanga Modern engines rapu i te whakataki o tāpiritanga. whakamahia pai io hinu multigrade, te whakatutuki i te whakaritenga o te pokey i runga i te whānuitanga pāmahana whānui.

He tokomaha hoki wae tika āhua-ō - wai kohuke ki te tua o ngā wāhanga waro waihanga. Hoko reira, me utu e koe whakarongo ki te pono, me te kounga o te hua. Te nuinga o ratou faaite nga tūtohutanga o nga tohutohu mo te waka. Tenei ko reira e tika ana ki te mohio e tūtohu nga kaihanga hinu waitohu, whai pai i nei ratou. Ko te hunga e kore e nei matau rawa i roto i te hanga o pane, e hiahia ana koe ki te whai i to ratou whakaaro.

Whakarōpū o hinu nekeneke

Na roto i te mahinga Whakaröpütia hinu nekeneke ki ngā rōpū mō ngā engines:

• A - Carburetor neforsirovannom (torutoru tāpiritanga).
• B - maloforsirovannye (3-5% tāpiritanga).
• B - sredneforsirovannyh (ki runga ki te 8% tāpiritanga).
• F - tino whakatere (8-12% o tāpiritanga).
• D - tino whakatere engines diesel puhoi utaina (18-25% tāpiritanga).

Na roto i te tohu o te nekeneke o te piha haapiiraa hinu pokey e 7: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20. hua hinu pūkaha multigrade o turanga kohuke mā te thickening pokey iti tāpiritanga MPF. Ratou i reira e 10 akomanga, ia o nei whakaaturia te rite te hautanga, hei tauira, 4H / 8. tohua te taurunga o te kōeke pokey te i -18 ^{° C,} me te tauraro - i ¹⁰⁰ ° C.

Ki te matau waitohu o te hinu pūkaha, hei tauira M-6 _c / 10B _2, e taea te deciphered reira e whai ake: M - nekeneke 6 _h - pokey kōeke ki thickening tāpiri 10 - pokey i 100 ⁰ C, - engine sredneforsirovannyh 2 - no te engines diesel .

hanga pūkaha Taki kounga hinu i roto i te pokapū tātaritanga, e titau te tetahi utu. He reira he ara ngāwari ki te tirohia: ki te uiuia whai ki te hoatu i te topata o te hinu i runga i te mata o te pepa. Ki te te tere rere atu i te reira, ka mahue i runga i te mata o te maha porowhita fatty, te tikanga o te reira i te hua kounga.

ātete High makaka faaite te mate o ngā āhuatanga whai hua. he pai hoki te aromatawai i te kounga o te hinu hou mana taua.

hinu tuku

Ko te hanganga o te tuku ngā te tuku, me te tohatoha, kakau, urungi taputapu me etahi atu. Hiahiatia te whakahinuhinu mō ngā momo o nihowhiti. E whakaputaina hinu taputapu i te kohuke turanga semisynthetic ranei ki tāpiritanga mahi e hāngai ana i runga i māota, ūkuikui, whanariki, disulfide, te hanga i te kiriata paruru, karapotia tūemi i tākiekina kovi. Me mau tonu āpiha pokey te kiriata i te kawenga nui, me te pāmahana. I roto i te rangi maeke, e kore e te pokey hinu pokanoa ki te tikanga, tīpakohia nei te hanganga, taupū pokey tika.

Taumahi taputapu hinu:

• whakaiti o te parekura i runga i te waku me te kākahu;
• tango wera i te rohe whakapā;
• whakaiti o kawenga ru;
• kore-paitini, me te ururua-kore.

Ko te fluids hangarau tino utu me greases i runga i te hinu kohuke. E ratou āhuatanga pai, te hanga i te kiriata tiaki pono.

He tino teitei i roto i te kounga hinu waihanga, engari ko ratou nga hua tino utu. uara pai hoki te moni he āhua-ō.

hinu tuku Domestic Kei roto pokey kōeke 4. E ai ki nga āhuatanga mahi e wehea ratou ki 5 ngā rōpū. Ko te māka o ngā titonga rerekē tohu āhuatanga taketake, mo te tauira, TM-5-9 _o - te tuku Rōpū hinu 5, te pokey o te tāpiri thickening piha 9. TAUIRA Classification ke - SAE 80W-90, i reira te tohu tohu 80 - pokey māka, W - paerewa 90 - e ōrite ana ki te pokey iti o 14 mm ² / s i 99 ⁰ C.

Fluids mō ngā pūnaha waipēhi

I roto i ngā pūnaha gidromehanizmov me actuators mō te faahouhia wai hangarau motuhake e whakamahia. He whakaritenga enei:

• pumpability, me te ti'aturiraa pāmahana iti o pokey;
• ātete te waikura nui me kahore puku kinonga o hiri waipēhi ranei;
• lubricity tiketike;
• matū me te pūmautanga tinana i te tiaki i te āhuatanga tuatahi mo te wa roa i roto i te mahi;
• te ngaro o poke, te wai me te matū ha'iriiri e meinga waikura.

hinu waipēhi ngā pā ana ki 20 momo. E whakaputaina ratou e whakakotahi ana distillates hinu me tāpiritanga. Ko te hinu miro tino whakamahia nuitia AU. hinu mohiotia MG-30, M-2IHP, AMG-10, MGE-10a.

Wai mō te dampers me ngā pūnaha wahia

fluids hangarau wahia hangaia mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā pūnaha waipēhi. He whakaritenga enei:

• wāhi mīti iti;
• he pokey iti;
• lubricity pai;
• waikura resistance;
• kahore pānga te waipiro i runga i kekeno rapa.

Ngā momo o Whäinuhia wahia.

1. ESC - 60% Castor hinu + 40% te waihā.
2. SBR - 50% Castor hinu + 50% butyl waipiro.
3. 35% nonireka + 65% waipiro.
4. "Neva" me te maha o iti kaupae-22M - he tāpiritanga e hāngai ana glycol-.
5. "Tom" - he ranunga o glycols ki hākawa o te waikawa boric.

Wahia inu i runga i pūtake Katoro hangarau i te pāmahana i raro -20 ⁰ C. whakamarokia, engari he waipiro anake tonu i roto i te otinga. I roto i tenei whakaaro, e tīpakohia ratou i runga i te rohe rānei. Whakakapinga o fluids i roto i rua te hotoke me te raumati kei te uaua mahi. Te nuinga meinga katoa-wa te tono tito wai e e hāngai ana i runga i glycol. Ko te pai o ratou ko "Tom", e he āhuatanga waikura, me te anti-kākahu pai.

Paorooro tono formulations AF-12T me IHP-10, arā, o te ranunga o te hinu kohuke ki pokey iti inu silicone me tāpiritanga.

fluids Hangarau

hangaia te pūnaha tautauā wai te ki mau tonu te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana te aratau tio. Ko te kuiti, tango atu te wera i te tikanga mahi, me te haere i te reira i roto i te whakamahana ki te taiao.

I mua, i hū tipu kaha i te wai, engari i whakarerea ai e tika ana ki opape iti mīti me te koropupu. I tua atu, ngā reira waikura, me te puna o te waikura konganuku.

I roto i te heke mai, ke fluids hangarau i roto i te hanganga, engari noho nga taketake te wai.

Ko te tono nui whiwhi ārai makariri - he ranunga o te wai ki te glycols me tāpiritanga motuhake. E ratou nga painga e whai ake nei:

• wāhi mīti iti;
• roha iti ki runga ki mīti;
• wāhi i runga 110 ^{° C kohua;}
• āhuatanga lubricating pai.

Ārai makariri i runga i ethylene glycol cheap - ko reira wai hangarau paitini. tāoke raro i tito i runga i propylene glycol, engari ko te nui teitei to ratou utu.

mutunga

Hinu me fluids hangarau whakaurua ki te mākete i roto i te whānuitanga whanui. kia arotahi kaitaraiwa i waho te wheako o ratou tono i runga i nga tito, te tūtohutia tohutohu mo te ngā waitohu motokā. kia utua ngā whakarongo ki te wā hotoke o mahi. A, no te rokiroki i te motokā i roto i te karāti wera he tino tika ana mō taima katoa o te wai. He mea nui ki te arotahi ki runga i nga tohu kounga, e kore i runga i te utu. I tua atu e tango, ki pūkete atu āhuatanga, pērā i te ora pūkaha.