Leonid Andreev: haurongo me mahi

timata maha tuhinga e pā ana ki Leonid Andreev te kupu i ko ia te kaiwhakarewa o Russian Expressionism (te pūtake o tenei au e kore he kanohi o mooni, me te ao i roto o te kaituhi, te reira mahia e). Ahakoa rawa maha me ki tenei whakamāramatanga o hono to'utangatá toi pēnei tona tikanga me te talena tino me neo-talena me te talena fantastic me mysticism tūturu.

Te kore o te mema i roto i te ahunga ngā

Leonid Andreev, nga apa nei i runga i te mahi o pokatata na maha, i ētahi wā e kore ia i taea te tautuhi i to ratou hononga ki tetahi rere ngā. He kaituhi i roto i te pukapuka ki Maxim Gorky ui ia ko e ia i roto i te meka, rite ki te ino ko ia he nōna ki, me realists - symbolist. I roto i tona mahi, hiahia te kaituhi pūmanawa, me te taketake ki te whakatutuki i te kōtuitanga, i te iti rawa houhia te ahunga e rua o mahara ki te ao, noho me te tonu whawhai i roto i tona ngakau ranei - ino, me te kiko.

E rua i roto i te kotahi

Ki te talena mārama. Na te aha te mea ino? translation Direct tikanga heke regression ahurea ranei. Ko te toi me te tuhinga - he aronga Onaianei, āhuatanga nei i te momo tino o aestheticism, individualism me te ta'e totonú moepuku ranei. Na hiahia rua enei tirohanga tāuke ki te synthesize i tona mahi, Leonid Andreev. ko te tuhaa tona taranata taketake ngingila o tenei katoa, ka ko tonu mōhiotia tona tuhi, ahakoa i ia te homai o te tuhituhi aravihi i raro i te tangata - ahakoa i raro i Garshina, ahakoa i raro i Chekhov ko Dostoevsky, te mahi o whakamoemititia nei te. kia tapiritia reira e nga tau hongofulu ka korero ia Schopenhauer me Nietzsche ka puta noa i tona ora, a i titiro ratou rite ratou kaitautoko fakalaumālié.

ngā mātua

whanau Leonid Andreev i roto i te utuafare tika rawa. Pāpā koroua ko te rangatira o te rangatira, me te kuia - i te pa. haere tenei tuhinga ki te koroua ataahua. He tino aronga toi o te tika, me te hiahia mō te inu - ki tona papa, he kairūri, taxotere (evaluator), nei mate o te waipiro i te tau o 42 tau. takoto te aroha mo te kaituhi ataahua katoa te ki whaea - te māngai o te whānau rangatira Polish rawakore, aroha ngakau ki a ia. Na, i roto i te pa o Orel i te pā whānau August 21, 1871 i whanau te heke mai, "te intelligentsia Russian Sphinx", rite ki huaina e hono to'utangatá.

runaruna artist

ABCs ako ia i tau 6, a mau puta noa i tona ora te peu o pānui voraciously. Ko te kura nui rohe Orel tomo te tau o 11, ako mea ia, engari mahi - i roto i te utu mō te whakaoti rapanga - tuhituhi tata te piha haapiiraa katoa, a ko ratou rerekē katoa i roto i te kāhua. Otiia e pā ana ki kihai i tetahi tuhituhi Leonid Andreev whakaaro, no te mea ko tātuhi rawa pukumahi. riro ia he kaipeita ngaio mai ko Orel kahore kura toi, engari te kaha ki te utu i te taua wa pai ki te whangai i tana whānau - i utua e ia 11 moni mo te whakaahua. Tau i muri i te matenga o te kaituhi ka anga tona mahi ki te whakaatu i ngā whakaaturanga ao, me ki masterpieces o rangatira peita, ana to'utangata.

Mai i St. Petersburg ki Moscow

Katahi Leonid Andreev haurongo e ka waiho i te tahi wa hono ki te pa i runga i te awa Neva tomo te University Metropolitan i te tari o te whaiwhakaaro ana. Otiia hohoro mate tona papa, a ka riro te utuafare i roto i taua mau huru e pau te, e maha i ki te hemokai ratou katoa. Noatia, i roto i ngā āhuatanga ka i runga i ona pokohiwi takoto iho taua manukanuka, ko tino apolitical te kaituhi heke mai. I muri ka mahue i te whakapaipai, oho te whānau ki te witi Moscow, i reira Andreev ki te wā, me ahau mea, rawa pai puta i te tari reta o te University o Moscow, me te tika ki te mahi i roto i te umanga ä-ture. Ko te atu ako ia mo e rima nga tau i.

Akakoroanga, me te aronganui

He mea tika ki te stipulate e a tenei tangata ataahua faahiahia ki ngā āhuatanga i ahuareka ai wahine arohaina a aroha ia ratou Kohara - e kore i taea e ia feruri i te ora, kahore te aroha. Na ratau i suicidal ahau: kua meinga e ia tona ora katoa e toru whakamātau ki te mawhiti i te ora - e i roto i tona tamarikitanga, me te wairangi i roto i nga tau 16 e mutu ai i waenganui i nga huapae (fatalist), ka koperea ia i roto i te ngakau o te kaumeá fakafisi ki te marena ia ia. Mau, tenei whakamātau tuarua, ka arahina ki hē ngakau, me te mate wawe.

Mohio kōrero tuatahi

te kaituhi Leonid Andreyev pā ana te timatanga o tona mahi tuhituhi ki te 1898. Ko te ka te "Courier", i roto i nei roaa ia tuhi pānuitanga roa, tuhinga āhuatanga, me ētahi atu ngā kōrero, whakaputaina tona kōrero tuatahi, "Bargamot me Garas'ko". I te kanapa, taranata taketake ko te meka e i muri tonu i te kōrero tuatahi i kitea te kaituhi i kaipānui, fakaangá ko Maxim Gorky, e karangatia tonu ia ki te hapori "te ite" ka kia mohio hoki ki te ao katoa o te kaituhituhi. I runga i te L. N. Andreeve korero, a ka i roto i 1901 whakaputaina e ia tona kōrero "Kotahi ki runga ki te wa," ka ia rongonui, aroha, whakaaetia.

Ko te rongonui maere

Leonid Andreev, tona biography te inaianei ta'elava e pā anake ana ki ngā mahi tuhituhi, ko kaituhi mīharo rongonui. He ko he wa, i te mahue i muri ia ia i roto i te rongonui Veresaeva kore anake ko Bunin, engari Gorky, me nga utu ko ia ia maua. E ai ki tona mokopuna, ka utua e ia 5 moni i roto i te koura ia rārangi (rārangi i te raina i Russia, anake te take ki te utu ia ia). I roto i te taiapa e korerotia ai e na te utu te heihei 14 hēneti. Leonid Andreyev reo tuhituhi nehenehe, kōrero rerekē, kapo tona tuhi. mahi tino pai o "Hura Ikariote", "whakaaro", "Life Vasiliya Fiveyskogo", te kōrero o "ia" e huaina to'utangata he faahiahia o Russian Gothic - ia o tona mahi ki te titiro atu ki, lau ka toe lau, kōrero i nga wahi katoa.

He kahui ka anti-Soviet

Ko te tata mohiotia ki te whakatupuranga reira Leonida Andreeva te auahatanga. E kore te kaipānui Soviet i mohio ai tae noa ki nga 60raa, a ki te whai kupu «SOS» - he piira ki te feia faatere Western ki te whakaora Russia i te mua. Tenei e kore e taea te muru. Pea i roto i te heke mai tata e ka huri, no te mea ngā etahi o nga kōrero o tenei kaituhi i roto i te marautanga kura. Bright, koropiko wahi ohorere, pai tuhituhia i roto i te reo mārama te putanga hua o tenei kaituhi ngingila ki te tihi o te hiriwa Age o tuhinga Russian. Ia o tona tamaiti kia tino e he reira pakeke ki te whakaingoa i etahi o ratou tihi auaha. Pea e waiho te pūrākau "Diary o Hatana" te hunga, ahakoa te oti te reira. Aue Hatana Andreev, ka awhio ake tona maihao i te iwi e kua riro mātau me pakari tika reira te aroha o kaipānui me aroha tinihangakore. Heoi, "te Mirror o te Revolution Russian" faahiti e pā ana ki Leonid Andreev E faaino, engari kihai i faahinaaro o te kaituhi o tenei tuku iho.

he ahua o te hekenga

Haunga te tangata atu i roto i tona mahi, ln Andreev i te ora e kore i nui hoki te tangata, ano he. Nui atu ia i roto i nga hapori. Tana wahine tuatahi ko te irāmutu o Taras Shevchenko vnuchatnaya - Veligorodskaya Alexander, e mate rite ki te hua o te kulukia kirika. Ko te wahine tuarua ko Anna Ilinichna Denisevich, i ko tona kaituhituhi tuhituhi tuatahi, me te anake. I muri kia marena ki te hapu nui katoa oho ki to ratou ake whare, i hokona i roto i te kainga Finnish Vammelsu. 1916-1917 tau tū Andreev i St. Petersburg, engari rahua te Oketopa Revolution ki te tango i te kaha ngā taea. hoki ia ki a Finland, e hohoro wahia atu i Russia. Kaituhi kōrero mīharo pērā i "Te whitu i taronatia" me "kata Whero", rite Ilya Repin i tona Penates, ka motu ke.

ratou wahi Herea

Leonid Andreyev, he haurongo poto i te mea rawa poto pono, rite, i roto i te meka, te ora ... mate te kaituhi i tau 48 i mate ngakau. kihai ia i mate i te whare, me i F. N. Falkovskogo o te hoa. puta te mate Mahuru 12, 1919. I tanumia ia i roto i Marioka. Heoi, i roto i te 1956 whakaputaina reira te āta tanu o tinana i runga i te "wāpu Literatorskie" - rohe i te urupā Volkov i Leningrad. Uri kaituhi e noho i roto i Paris, Amerika, me etahi - i roto i Moscow, ki te hoki ki te tangata e he pai ki te āwhina i Kliment Voroshilov.