Marshal Kliment Voroshilov: biography, te utuafare

Ko te hītori o te superpower totalitarian, kua he plurality o rua te hautoa me nga pene pouri te Soviet Union. kihai i taea e tenei engari waiho Imprint i runga i nga haurongo o te hunga e whakahaere i te reira. I roto i enei mau taata pā Kliment Voroshilov. noho ia i te ora roa, kihai i nei kowaiwai o itoito, engari i runga i tona hinengaro te rota o te oraraa o te iwi, no te mea he reira tona waitohu i raro i tokomaha rārangi hit.

Kliment Voroshilov: biography

Future rangatira hōia Soviet rongonui whanau i roto i 1881 i roto i te kainga o Upper Ekaterinoslav kawanatanga (inaianei Lisichansk). Tona papa - Efrem Andreevich Voroshilov - ko te kaimahi rerewē me tona whaea - Maria V. - he kaimahi ra.

Ko rawa rawakore te utuafare, a ka timata 7 tau te tohe ki te mahi rite te hepara. I roto i te tau 1893-1895 tae ia kura Zemstvo i te kainga Vasilevka, i mahue ia i muri i ngā tau e rua ki te tomo i te hinonga metallurgical Yurievskoe. I te tau 1903 ka haere te tangata taitama ki Lugansk, te wahi i timata ai ia te mahi i runga i te tipu locomotive Hartmann.

Whai wāhi i roto i te faaineineraa o te revolution

Kia i roto i te taiao o kaimahi ngaio, whai wāhi taitamariki Kliment Voroshilov i roto i ngā mahi anti-kāwanatanga. I roto i ngā, i karangatia e ia tonu ki te uru atu nga rarangi o te RSDLP, me te tau e whai ake nei ka ia he mema o te komiti Luhansk Bolshevik. I roto i te revolution 1905, arahina Voroshilov he patu o kaimahi me pakihi rohe wāhi i roto i te whakahaere i ono whawhai. I pōtitia ia he māngai ki te 4 th me 5 th Pāti Congress. I te 1908 ka tonoa e ia ki te rōpū i roto i Baku, i reira ka arahina e ia i te mahi huna rōpū. I tona hokinga mai ki mua tonu ana mahi hou. Toutou hopukina a whakahekea. I roto i ngā, mo te marama torutoru i tonoa i raro i tirotiro pirihimana i roto i Cherdynsky taha o te kawanatanga Arkhangelsk.

1917-1918 tau

I muri i pōtitia te Hui-tanguru Revolution Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich he mema o te mua Soviet me te RDA o te Ono Party Congress. Na ka ka tonoa e ia ki tona Luhansk Māori, i reira i roto i Maehe 1917 ahu e ia te komiti rohe o nga mua, i August - Te Kaunihera City me te State Duma.

Nga ngā hou o nga ra i whakaritea e ia ki te pou o te Komihana o te mua Revolutionary Military Komiti o te mana ā-rohe. I te wa ano, ko ia ko F. Dzerzhinsky kaha i runga i te whakahaere o te Cheka.

Te āhuatanga te ähua i roto i Ukraine arahina ki te meka i roto i Maehe 1918, ka hoki Kliment Voroshilov whare, whakaritea te ropu Tuatahi Lugansk, arahina e te parururaa i Kharkov i te hoia Tiamana-Austria.

I roto i te Pakanga Civil

whakamatauria e ia ia he rangatira toa i roto i te Ukraine Kliment rangatira o nga hoia o te rōpū Tsaritsyn hohoro whakaritea. I tua atu, ka haere tona mahi i runga i te whakanui ake, a i roto i te Pakanga Civil, puritia ia maha tūranga nui. I roto i ngā, ko Kliment Voroshilov rangatira tuarua, me te mema o te Kaunihera Military o te Southern mua, arahina te 10 Army, Commissariat o nga tangata o Taiwhenua o Ukraine, Kharkov Military District me ā mua Ukrainian. I tua atu, ko ia te kaiwhakahaere, me te mema o te Revolutionary Military Kaunihera o te Army Cavalry Tuatahi.

Ko tētahi o nga whārangi pouri o haurongo o Voroshilov ko tona whai wāhitanga i roto i 1921 i roto i te pehanga o te tutu Kronstadt. I muri i enei ngā, i whakaritea e ia he mema o te Bureau Tonga-Te Tai Rāwhiti o te Komiti Central Party, me te te rangatira o te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus IN.

ko ia i 1924 noa 1925 rangatira o te Military District Moscow me te mema o te Revolutionary Military Kaunihera o te USSR.

e mohio ana torutoru iwi e i roto i te wā taua Voroshilov kaiwhakaruruhau Bolshoi Theatre, a ka mohiotia rite he aroha nui o te hītekiteki.

I te pou o Defence Commissar

I muri i te matenga o Mikhail Frunze, ka Voroshilov te heamana o te Revolutionary Military Kaunihera o te USSR, a arahina te tari manuao o te whenua, a i roto i te tau 1934-1940 - Commissariat o nga tangata o Defence o te Soviet Union.

I roto i te katoa, he pou puritia ia mo tata 15 tau, i te mea he ahua o lekooti o te wā Soviet. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich (1881-1969) i te ingoa o te kaitautoko tino mateaki o Stalin, a hoatu ana ki a ia te tautoko whai hua i roto i te whawhai ki a Trotsky. I roto i te Oketopa 1933, haere ia ki te rōpū kāwanatanga ki Turkey, i reira, me ki Ataturk whāngai he parade hōia i roto i Ankara.

I roto i te Noema 1935, i te whakatau o te CEC me Sovnarkom o te USSR i whakawhiwhia e ia te taitara hou whakapumautia o Marshal o te Soviet Union.

5 tau i muri mai, i tonoa atu e ia i tona pou rite Commissar, rite kihai i Stalin whakatau ngā tūmanako i roto i te Finnish War. Heoi, e kore Voroshilov pāhuatia, ka i whakaritea upoko o te Komiti Defence o te SNK o te Soviet Union.

Whai wāhitanga Kliment Voroshilov ki repressions a Stalin

I roto i te wā i 1937 ki te 1938, Voroshilov, i roto i te maha atu ngā māngai o te whiriwhiri tōrangapū Soviet whai wāhi i roto i te whakamātautau o te rārangi o tangata, i mahara ki te whiua ki te whakaae whaiaro a Stalin. te hunga katoa e ka ratou i muri koperea. Na, ka kitea Voroshilov waitohu kei runga i te rārangi o 185, i nga nga ingoa o 18,000 iwi.

Ka rite ki te mema o Politburo, tangohia Clement Voroshilov te rohe i whakaritea pera-ka karanga, r. E. Ko te maha o te motunga repressed. I roto i ngā, i Aperira 1938, ia, tahi ki Stalin, Kaganovich, Molotov me Yezhov hainatia taumira faaiteraa, kia rite ki nei mo te rohe Irkutsk te tokomaha o te iwi nei i ki te kia koperea, kua nui haere e 4 000 te iwi.

Ka rite ki a People Commissar o Defence Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich ka mau te wahi kaha i roto i te whakatoi whakahaua ki nga rangatira o te Army Whero, i roto i nga tau tuatahi o te pakanga i reira nunu'a fakatupu 'auha. Na, i runga i tetahi o nga rārangi, arā, i te ingoa o 26 rangatira o, i tuhituhi ia: "hoa Yezhov. Tangohia nga Periara katoa ... "

I roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic

Mai te timatanga o te whawhai K. E. Voroshilov, he mema o te Komiti Defence State, puritia hoki te tūranga o:

• Commander o te ahunga Te Tai Tokerau-Te Hau-ā-uru (ki runga, ki te 05/09/41);
• rangatira mua Leningrad;
• reiti māngai mo te hanganga o nga hoia;
• te upoko o te Komiti Trophy o te T-pire;
• Commander o te kaupapa pakanga ;
• Tiamana o te Komihana i runga i te kāti whawhai.

ngā mahi Post-pakanga

I roto i te tau tuatahi i muri i te whawhai, Marshal Voroshilov arahina te Kōmihana Mana Allied i Hungary. Whakarara ki tenei, tae noa ki te tau 1953, ko ia Tepute Tiamana o te Kaunihera USSR o Minita. A i muri i 7 nga tau arahina e te Presidium o te Hupirimi Soviet o te USSR.

Mate me te tangihanga

Kliment Voroshilov, mutu e tika ana ki te senility nei mahi tupu i roto i nga tekau tau whakamutunga o tona ora, ka mate a Hakihea 2, 1969 i te tau o 89 tau. tanumia Marshal i Moscow, te taiepa Kremlin i runga i Whero Square. E ai ki ngā pūkete o nāianei, ko reira te nui-tauine hui tuatahi taua tangihanga o te poroporoaki ki te Statesman o te USSR rua tekau tau e kua haere mai te tangihanga Zhdanov.

Family me ngā tamariki

Kliment Voroshilov wahine - Golda Davidovna Gorbman - ko o te whakapono Hurai, engari mo te marena ki tana e aroha iriiri a ka mau te ingoa Catherine. I whakapataritari tenei mahi whanaunga Hurai o te kotiro, e kanga ara ia. I roto i te 1917, piri Catherine Davidovna te RSDLP me mo nga tau maha mahi rite te kaiwhakahaere tuarua o te Museum V. I. Lenina.

Reira na tupu e i roto i te utuafare tata-piri tonu kore Voroshilovs whai tamariki a ratou ake. Heoi, ka mau ratou ki runga ki te whakatipu o ngā tamariki pani M. V. Frunze: Timur, nei i patua i te mua i roto i 1942, ko Tatiana. I tua atu, i roto i 1918, tangohia te tokorua i te tamaiti a Pita, e riro i muri mai i te kaihoahoa rongonui, ka whakatika ki te paetukutuku o te rūtene whānui. Mai i ia i rua mokopuna te tokorua - ko Vladimir Klim.

hōnore

Klim Voroshilov Ko te kaiaka o tata katoa nga taonga runga o te USSR. I roto i ngā, rua riro ia te taitara o Hero o te Soviet Union.

Ia 8 Ota o Lenin me 6 - te Banner Whero, a he tokomaha atu tohu, tae atu ki ngā whenua ke. I roto i ngā, i te rangatira ko te aito o Mongolia, he Knight Grand Cross o Finland, me te he tangata hōnore o te pa Turkish o Izmir.

Ko te haereraa o te mahara

I roto i te ora o K. E. Voroshilov ka te ahua hōia tino whakakororia o te Pakanga Civil, i muri i titoa te waiata ka karanga pāmu kohinga, kaipuke, wheketere, me te pera i runga i. D.

I roto i tona kororia, i te ingoa reira e rave rahi pa:

• Voroshilovgrad (Lugansk) rua whakaingoatia a whakahokia te ingoa o mua anake i roto i te 1990.
• Voroshilovsk (Alchevsk). I roto i tenei kaiwhakahaere pa i roto i tona tamarikitanga, a ka anga tona mahi mahi rōpū.
• Voroshilov (Ussuriysk, Primor).
• Voroshilovsk (Stavropol, i 1935 ki te 1943).

I tua atu, kakahu tona ingoa rohe Khoroshevsky o te whakapaipai me te rohe pokapū o te pa o Donetsk.

Ki tenei ra, Voroshilov ara i reira i roto i pinepine o nga pa o te USSR mua. I roto ia ratou, te Key Hot, Togliatti, Brest, Orenburg, Penza, Ershov, Serpukhov, Korosten, Angarsk, Voronezh, Khabarovsk, Klintsy, Kemerovo, Lipetsk, Rybinsk, St Petersburg, Simferopol, Chelyabinsk ko Izhevsk. I roto i Rostov-i runga i-Don kua hoki Voroshilov Avenue.

tika whakahua Motuhake te tohu ki kia whakawhiwhia te nuinga o ka puhipuhia e, e paingia ana i roto i te mutunga o 1932, ka ko "Voroshilov Sharpshooter". E ai ki te mau haamana'oraa o te iwi i ahau taitamariki i roto i nga tau i mua i-te pakanga, i whaimana ki te kakahu i te reira, a ka rapu tika tika o tenei icon te taitamarikitanga.

I roto i te honore Klima Efremovicha i huaina ai ano hoki he raupapa o tāke KV, hangaia i roto i te wheketere Putilov, a i roto i te tau 1941-1992 whanau reira te ingoa o te Military Academy o te General kaimahi o te Armed Forces o te USSR.

Monument ki Kliment Voroshilov tāuta i tona urupa. A i Moscow i te tau whare 3 i runga i Romanov Lane i whakamōhio te paraharaha whakamahara.

Na e matau ana koutou etahi o nga meka o te haurongo o te rangatira me te rōpū rangatira hōia Soviet rongonui Klima Efremovicha Voroshilova. tangata te utuafare faahiahia, me te konohi nui o tona whenua, ia, ahakoa, i roto i nga tau o te tāmitanga Stalinist tonoa ki te mate o te maha mano iwi, kihai i nei te nuinga o kua he o taua hoki i i whakawakia ratou, ka korero ki te mate.