Fetaulaki'anga o Russia: Chronology. fetaulaki'anga Russian Katoa i roto i te raupapa

fetaulaki'anga Great Russia ko te Arepa me te Omeka, ko te te pai o ona iwi. Ka rite ki te Atua - te rangatira o te ao, a ratou ko nga rangatira o to ratou whenua. A kingi ko reira he rota. Ko te māngai rawa tuatahi o tenei taitara ko Pita te Tuatahi. A e kore e pea i roto i noa te aamu o te Russian Empire haamata ki tenei tuakiri nui.

Ko te kingi nui heke mai

whanau a Pita i roto i Moscow i 1672, i te iwa o Pipiri. Ko te tekau ma wha tamaiti o Alexei Mikhailovich me tana wahine tuarua Natali Kirillovny Naryshkinoy. I muri i te matenga o Kingi Pita riro te whenua i nui rawa te underdeveloped i rite ki nga whenua Pākehā whai ahurea. Ahakoa te Renaissance me te Faaapî kahakina Europe, paopao Russia westernization ka noho taratahi i ao hōu.

Petr Veliky - te emepera tuatahi o Russia, i ka mohiotia hoki ona whakahounga maha me ngana ki te hanga i tona ahua he kaha nui. hanga e ia he kaipuke kaha, whakaritea te ope i paerewa Western. A, no te whakaurua reira wehenga whakahaere, me te rohe hou o te whenua, tīmataria e ia he raupapa o ngā rerekētanga e kua pāngia ao katoa o te ora Russian.

huringa tuwhena me te whanaketanga whānui o

Ngā aro ko te kingi tuatahi o Russia tonoa ki te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao. utua e ia te maha o ngā tohunga ke ki te whakangungu ratou iwi katoa o hangarau. E arotahi ana ki te whanaketanga o te hokohoko me te ahumahi, kua hou ia te tātai reta Russian, whakaurua te maramataka Julian, a ka hanga te niupepa Russian tuatahi te whakamahi i te reira.

Pita A. ko te matakite me te takawaenga mohio, e whakakorea he puka tawhito o te kāwanatanga, ka pumau te Pule kaumatua. Ko te okana teitei o te mana kāwanatanga, i whakaritea nga manga katoa o whakahaere me te rongoā me whakatutukitanga auaha i roto i te kaupapa here ke o Russia.

taonga rohe New

I roto i te kingitanga o Petra Velikogo State kua riro maha ngā wāhi, pērā i Estonia, Latvia, me Finland. I muri whawhai ki Turkey, riro ia te uru ki te Moana Black. A i roto i te kotahi mano e whitu rau tekau ma rua o nga tau Poroshenko oho te whakapaipai ki te pa hou i runga i te awa o Neva - St. Petersburg, ka u ai me e hohoro riro te "matapihi ki Europe".

I roto i runga i te ture, me ngā rerekētanga o Pita Russia kua meinga he kaha nui Pākehā. A i roto i te 1721, kauwhautia ana e ia he kingitanga, aua, ki i hoatu Pita Alekseevich te taitara o katoa-Russian Hiha, te nui fatherland papa.

I marenatia Pita rua, ka i tamariki tekau ma tahi, he tokomaha o nei i mate i roto i te kōhungahunga. mau mātāmua tama i tona faaipoiporaa tuatahi, Alex, i o he i me mahi i roto i te ngaro i roto i 1718. Mate Pita A. Tuawaru i tanguru 1725 kahore whakaingoa te kainga.

Tētahi atu a Pita A.

Noatia, whakahaere te āhua Russian nga fetaulaki'anga kore anake o Russia, tohu te fakahokohoko ki te aroaro o wha empresses. Ko tētahi o ratou ko Catherine te tuatahi. noho ia i runga i te torona i muri i Petra Velikogo. Na ka haere mai ki te mana, te mokopuna o Pita te nui. I whanau ia i te tekau ma rua te Oketopa 1715. mate tona whaea tekau nga ra i muri i tona whanautanga. E toru nga tau i muri aru tona papa i muri i toku whaea.

I roto i te 1727, ka karanga Menshikov Catherine tuatahi haina te pai ai i roto i te manakohia o Pita. A, no te mate o te Empress, Pita II tonu te rārangi o fetaulaki'anga Russian.

Ko te tikanga tūturu o te Kaunihera Hupirimi

whakanohoia Menshikov te tamaiti ki roto ki tona whare, a ka anga ki te whakahaere i ana mahi. i ora, mahara, mohio, me te tamaiti pakeke Little Pita, a ko te nui rite tona-koroua nui. Ahakoa tenei ōritetanga, ko reira, i roto i te rerekē ki a Pita te nui, kihai i hiahia ki te ako.

He taitamariki rawa Pita II kore i taea whakahaere tikanga i te kingitanga, a tata kihai i tangohia e wahi i roto i te mahi o te Piriwi Kaunihera. Tenei hohoro arahina ki te tūkino o te pūnaha kāwanatanga, rite wehi rangatira mahi roa ho'i i o Pita, a kihai i hiahia ki te kawe i ngā kawenga mo tetahi whakataunga nui.

Te toru tekau ra o tetahi Whiringa mano e whitu rau e rua tekau iwa, i mahi Pita II ki waru ataahua Ekaterina Alekseevna Dolgorukova. Ko te tau i muri mai, te tuaono o Hanuere, mau e ia he matao i roto i te arotake hōia, me te koroputaputa. iwa i mate January 1730.

I muri i te matenga o Pita II i runga i te torona e noho i runga i te wahine - Anna Ivanovna. He fetaulaki'anga muri o Russia - E whakaatu ana te fakahokohoko kotahi tekau tau o tona kingitanga - titau ratou wahi i roto i te aamu o te kāwanatanga.

Emperor-tamaiti te pakanga mo te mana ranei

Ivan Ko te tuaono i whanau i roto i te St Petersburg i August 1740 o te tekau ma rua. Ko ia te tama a Prince Antona Braunshveyga-Wolfenbüttel ko Anna Leopoldovna. Kotahi tekau ma rua nga ra i te aroaro o tona matenga, ua faaite te Empress he rua-marama Ivan rite tona riiwhi. Na ko Ernst Johann Biron ki te mahi rite Regent mo te tamaiti noa tae ia te tau o whitu.

A hurihia ana te whaea o Ivan i te 1740 Biron, a whakapuakina ia Regent. He tau i muri mai, i whakataka ia Erihapeti, e tautokona ana e nga grenadiers me nga rangatira o te Preobrazhensky Regiment. Te tamahine a Petra Velikogo, Anna ki te whānau katoa, me te kingi tamaiti i hopukina, ka herehere i roto i te pa e tata ana Riga. Na ka ka whakawhitia te emepera Ivan te tuaono ki Kholmogory. He te i puta ke te whare o te episekopo kau ki te whare herehere. He noho te tamaiti i roto i te tekau ma rua nga tau i muri mai, i te kitenga kahore tetahi, anake tona herehere.

Ko te mate ngaro o te herehere, ranei tetahi o te Hiha

Ko te whakarau uaua i roto i te mau melo e rave rahi o te utuafare kingi, i mahara ki te tango i tona wahi i runga i te torona. A pea ko reira tetahi o nga take e te tahi mau 'emipolá Russian (fakahokohoko tohu ratou ingoa) ki noa tangohia te mana i roto i te manakohia o te tangata i to ratou teina.

Ko te aha i muri tupu ki te Ivan tupu-ake te Ono? Hau o tona herehere i roto i Kholmogory te horahanga, me te rangatiratanga o Elizaveta Petrovna whakawhitia ki Schlisselburg pa, te wahi i whakanohoia ai ia i roto i te puritia mokemoke. puritia te tuakiri o te herehere i roto i te huna. Ahakoa kihai nga kaitiaki i mohio nei ki te tiaki i. puritia Ivan i roto i ngā āhuatanga hē. Ko te marama anake ko te rama hoki ia.

korerotia nga kaitiaki i pakaru nga tamariki maramarama, kua ngaro Ivan tona mahara me kihai i whai i te clue e pā ana ki te tangata ko ia. Whango i te reira na kaha e ki matau he aha ta te herehere, he mea tata e taea, Heoi, Ivan Ono mahara tona ingoa tūturu.

Ko te kingi whakataka ko te ati ki te rangatira i German, ka mau te torona, a ka whakahau ia ki te tiaki i te reira rawa āta, me i te take o te ngana ki te wewete i te herehere - ki whakamatea ia. Na hohoro i muri i taua i runga i te po o te wha i runga i te 5 Hōngongoi 1764 arahina te Smolensk Infantry Regiment Rūtene Vasily Mirovich tamata hoia tutu ki te whakaora Ivan, a ka mahi i tonu te Prisoner. Heoi tāpiri te rārangi o fetaulaki'anga Russian ingoa tetahi. Aue, Ivan te Ono, kihai i taea e ki te tango i tona wahi tika nei.

Mokopuna o nga fetaulaki'anga e rua o Russia me Sweden

nga fetaulaki'anga katoa o Russia, i te raupapa o te riiwhi i ranei takaí whare e te torona, te hopoia tohua i roto i te pukapuka o mua. A e kore e taea e matou whakahua konei Pita III, e kingi Russia mō marama e ono anake. I whanau ia i runga i te rua tekau-tuatahi o Pepuere kotahi mano e whitu rau e rua tekau-waru o nga tau i roto i te raki Germany. Ko reira anake te tama a Anna Petrovna me Karla Fridriha. Mokopuna o rua fetaulaki'anga - Petra Velikogo ko Charles i te tekau ma rua.

whakakitea te tamaiti i te moni i roto i te toi, i aroha ia rārangi hōia, a moe e kotahi riro te reira i te toa ao-rongonui. I te tau o nga tau tekau ma wha, ka kawea e ia ki a Russia e tona whaea keke, i te kingi Elizabeth. Rua tekau-tuatahi i roto i August 1745, ka moea e Pita he rangatira i o Anhalt-Tserbskoy, i tangohia e te ingoa Catherine. faaipoiporaa tōrangapū, whakaritea e te whaea keke o Pita, ko te kino i te tīmatanga.

Ko te Emperor, e kino ana te āhua Russian me ona iwi

Catherine ko tetahi wahine o maramarama rahi, a ka noho a Pita he tamaiti i roto i te tinana o te tane pakeke. Kua whanau ratou tetahi tama i - a Paora, te kingi i mua nei, me te tamahine Anna, e mate i roto i te tamarikitanga. nga fetaulaki'anga katoa o Russia, i roto i te raupapa noho i te torona, me te mana i te kāwanatanga, te nuinga tamata ki te kawe i te whenua i te painga mōrahi. Otiia ko Pita III te okotahi. i kino ia Russia. e kore ahau i tiaki e pā ana ki te iwi Russian, a kihai i taea e aro ki te Ekalesia Siu.

I muri ka mau a Pita III tona wahi i runga i te torona, whakakahoretia e ia te kaupapa here ke o tona whaea keke, kawea Russia i te Tau whitu 'War, me tenei to'utangata taahiraa whakaaro rite te tinihanga o patunga Russian o te whawhai. Otiia i te wa ano, tohunga nei e hiahia i roto i te aamu o fetaulaki'anga Russian, whakaaro e ko pea te whakatau o Pita III wahi o te mahere kiko mo te pānga o te āhua Russian ki te hauauru.

Reform ratonga ranei ki te āhua

Heoi, e Pita III i roto i te rangatiratanga whakaritea he raupapa o whakahounga ā-, e tenei ra mea rawa manapori. Karangatia haere noa o te karakia, Whakakahoretia opani nga pirihimana ngaro te patu o serfs i ratou rangatira. Na hanga ano te pēke kāwanatanga-fatuhia tuatahi.

Ko te Poari o maha fetaulaki'anga i Russia mutu i roto i te mate fakamamahi. tupu ano e reira ki a Pita III. He he nui te nounou e pā ana ki tona matenga, engari i roto i te meka ko ia te patunga o te whakatakotoria ana o tana wahine Catherine, e hiahia ki te pehea e o reira, ki te tango i te torona. Rua tekau-waru o Hune 1762, ka hopukina a Pita, a hohoro patua.

ture tukino a Paora

Ētahi ingoa o fetaulaki'anga Russian taea ki te whakahua ki mauruuru nui, me te whakapehapeha. Hei tauira, Paora ahau, i kingi te whenua mo te rima tau o te tukino, i mua i patua ia. I whanau ia i roto i St Petersburg i 1754. Ana mātua - te heke mai Hiha Pita III ko Catherine II. kihai i Mother whakaaro ia kia rite ki te rangatira i mua nei, a ka tono tangata ki te ora i roto i te whenua o Gatchina. A i te wahi o te emepera heke mai Ekaterina e faaineine ia tana tama Alexander.

Otiia muri iho i te matenga o te Empress, ka mau a Paora te torona, me tona ture tuatahi ko ki whakapumautia te matamuatanga ki te torona, a kihai te kōwhiringa o te mono ki te Hiha ia. Whakaaro e hiahia Russia he arikitanga tūturu, ka anga ia ki te tapahi i te mana me te mau haamaitairaa o te rangatira. Ki te kore nga mana'o o te French Revolution i horapa i roto i te whenua, tomokanga ia pukapuka ke, me te haere i waho te āhua.

huringa maha i roto i te-roto, me te kaupapa here waho Paora, i honoa e ki tona huru, me whakaeke riri mea nanakia, meinga horahanga hau e pā ana ki tona unbalance hinengaro. Na te rua tekau-toru o Maehe 1801, i patua a Paora tuatoru. A i runga i te torona e tana tama Alexander.

Ko te tauira Katherine kuia

whanau Alexander i roto i St Petersburg i Hakihea 1777 o te tekau ma rua. I kawea ake e ia e Catherine te nui, e kore nei i aroha ki tana tama, kihai a Paora i e he taea ki te faatere i te whenua ia. Ko te kingi heke mai kite ia ia mokopuna. I pūkengatia ia i roto i Pākehā ahurea, hītori me tōrangapū, a ka kawea ki runga i roto i te wairua o freethinking te marae o te Empress.

Ko te mauahara i waenganui Paora ko Catherine meinga tākaro ia tūranga e rua rerekē. A, no te tona kuia, piri ia ki nga parau tumu o tika tangata me wāteatea ā ki te oaoa i opera me te rapunga whakaaro. Na ko muri ki tona papa ako hōia tino, me te whakangungu mutunga. Maoro, kua meinga Alexander he korokotaera tūturu, ka waiaro huna, me te ngāwari ke rite ki huru.

I roto i te 1801, i te tau o rua tekau-toru nga tau, i karaunatia Alexander. kua emepera Ataahua me ahakoa kua tino rongonui. Pono ki ona mau mana'o ohaoha o te kura, eke ia ki runga ki te raupapa o whakahounga pāpori. I rāhuitia te reira i fakamamahi'i, a whakaaetia te ture hou nga peasants ki hoko ratou i serfdom. Aru e te huringa whakahaere, pūtea me te mātauranga.

Whakamanamana o te arii nui

I roto i te kingitanga o fetaulaki'anga Russian i maha pakanga rerekē me whawhai. Ko tetahi o te nui tino, ara ka karangatia e te Pakanga Patriotic, i reira ko tetahi whawhai ki Napoleon. Hoki Alexander i reira he misioni hanahana, te tahi mea hau atu i te te whawhai noa i waenganui i nga whenua e rua. Ko he whawhai i waenganui i te pai me te kino. A ka Alexander i muri i toa I a i te matenga o tona ropu i roto i Paris, ka e ia tetahi o nga piriniha kaha tino. Ko reira he whakamanamana o tona kingitanga.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, ka tino e hawata ana ki te Atua, me te Karaitiana te kingitanga o te Hiha. A ka tekau ma iwa ia mate i roto i Noema 1825, i reira ki te haere i te rota o nga hau e ahuatanga puku te kingi, a ka he moke. He aha fetaulaki'anga Russian i mau, me te aha whakaaro tae mai o ratou hinengaro nui, i kore noa e mohio ki te kōrero.

Childhood me te kingitanga o Nicholas

Ko ahau Nicholas te iwa te tamaiti o Paora ahau ko Maria Feodorovna. Whanau rua tekau-rima o Hune ra, tetahi i roto i te 1796. Ka rite ki te tamaiti, ko ia ware me te nanakia. Kuraina i te tuatahi i te kuia Kotimana, a ka - General Gustav Lambsdorff. Kore he ngakau whanui, me te mahira, kihai i Nicholas rite ki te ako. Ko te rangatira taitama ka waituhi anake, no te haere mai i te mau haapiiraa ki te mutunga, a ka tukua e ia ki te kakahu te kākahu me ki wāhi kēmu hōia.

kihai i Nicholas kawea mai ki runga kia rite ki te emepera i mua nei, a i roto i te timatanga o tona kingitanga, i fehangahangai ki te kaupapa e miharo ia. Tenei maunu o nga Decembrists. mahi ana i te feia faatere o te rima i, me te e pā ana ki kotahi rau e rua tekau whakahekea ki Siberia. Ite i te hiahia mō ngā whakahounga, te kingi otiia i wehi e ka ruru i te huringa nga turanga o te kingitanga, i ia e ia ki te whakawhiti ki uri. He i te tahi atu mau haafifiraa ki whakahou - kei te haere mai o whanaunga o te Hiha, he mana nui i runga i tona mahi nei whakaaro.

Nicholas pepeha ko 'Ofotokisií, Autocracy me tona iwi;. Tona kingitanga tohua te tino pokea ana o te arikitanga tino i roto i Russia. mate ia i runga i te tekau ma waru o Pepuere kotahi mano e waru rau e rima tekau-rima o tau o hota. Na rawa, te kingi whakamutunga o Russia. tuhipoka fakahokohoko o te kingitanga. Ko te Alexander II ko Alexander III ko Nicholas II. mutu te kōrero ki te fetaulaki'anga Russian.

Poari Nicholas tama

Alexander II, te tama mātāmua a Nicholas, i whanau te whitu i roto i te April 1818. riro ia te mātauranga faahiahia. mohio ia e rave rahi reo, ako te toi o te whawhai, te pūtea me te hautoa. haere ia i te wawe tau.

I muri i te riroraa ei emepera, puta Alexander he ture i runga i te tuku o nga peasants. ka te pa ora inaianei atu tura. A te timatanga iho ratou tangata noa, ko reira tika ki ripeneta te pūnaha katoa o te kāwanatanga rohe. I roto i te kingitanga o Alexander kua te pūnaha ture kua meatanga, ka akomanga pāpori katoa rite i mua i te ture. I mama pēhanga Rāhui, a ka anga te iwi ki te whai atu e tau'atāina o kupu.

Ahakoa ki te maha hanganga whakapai ake i te ora o te iwi Russian, ka Alexander II he ūnga mō tahae. patua te mema o te rōpū kaiwhakatuma te emepera i roto i 1881.

Ko te faahoho'araa o te pea Russian

I whanau Alexander III i te ra rua tekau-ono o Pepuere kotahi, 1845. Kaha, e wehingia ana, konohi pau, ko ia te whakatinanatanga o te pea Russian rongonui. haere mai ia ki te kaha i te wa tino mo te kingitanga. Ko tētahi hawhe o te iwi whānui o Mehia i ki te tere puhoi o whakahounga, ko wehi o te huringa te tuarua. Kei te ora tonu te ōhanga i te whawhai ki a Turkey. wehi hōrapa tuku e nga tahae, arahina ki te hanganga o te rōpū counter-orurehau o monarchists.

kihai i te Emepara rite manene, a ka whaia he kaupapa here o Russification. Kua arahina tenei ki urutā o te nationalism Russian me nga pogroms Hurai. puritia nohopuku ia ki te parau tumu o "Russia mo te Russian" ka whakakaha te mana o te whakahaere. mate Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Romanov o pauku i 1894. Na ka haere mai ki te kaha Russian whakamutunga Hiha Nicholas II.

Ko te mutunga fakamamahi o te whānau o te emepaea

meka Interesting! O te rerekē ngā hanganga e toru ngā taitara kingi. Russian taitara Emperor hoki he ona ake momo, tetahi o nei - ki tonu. Na konei ko te taitara o te Russian Emperor Nicholas II ngā o ma toru rau kupu.

whanau Nicholas II i roto i 1868. I roto i te 1894, ka Nicholas emepera. Ahakoa tona mātauranga hohonu, ua ia e kore te mea rite hoki te kawenga i e kua peia ki runga ki a ia ia. A he tokomaha o ana to'utangatá tuhia e titiro ia puputu'u, me te puputu'u.

I roto i te nuinga o tona kingitanga i aru ia te kaupapa o tona papa. I pakeke ia, me te rawa āta mohio te hiahia mo te huringa i roto i te hononga ki te ngā kaupapa o 1901. Ahakoa te meka e kua iti ona mana ki te rino, te Hiha whakamutunga o Russia i ngana ana ki te mahi, me te mea ko ia tonu te tangata mārō. hiahia Nicholas ki te haere hoki i roto i te wa, me te whakahoki i te mana o to ratou mau tupuna.

I muri i te takanga Bolshevik o 1917 te tūranga o te whānau kingi hei kua tino matatini, me te tau i muri mai i roto i te wawe ata Hōngongoi whitu, Nicholas II, i patua tana wahine, me ngā tamariki. Ko te kupu mutu te kingitanga o nga fetaulaki'anga o Russia, a i roto i te aamu o te whenua timata i tetahi atu wāhi o te tohutoro.