LEV Landau: poto haurongo, whai ki te pūtaiao

LEV Landau (tau o te ora - 1908-1968) - te ahupūngao nui Soviet, whanau i roto i te Baku. nona e ia he maha o te rangahau, me te kitea ngā. Ka taea e koe whakahoki te pātai, Lev Landau hoki i riro ia te Nobel? I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki ona whakatutukitanga me te taketake meka haurongo.

Origin Lev Landau

Ka taea e koe te kōrero i te wa roa e pā ana ki taua aivanaa rite Lev Landau. Tau o te ora, mahi, me te whakatutuki i tenei ahupūngao - katoa kaipānui tino hiahia. Kia tīmata a i te timatanga rawa - i te takenga o te kaiputaiao heke mai.

I whanau ia i roto i te hapu o te aroha me Rawiri Landau. Ko tona papa he mataaro hinu he āhua pai-mohiotia. mahi ia i roto i te mara hinu. Ko te whaea, i te tikanga, ko ia he tākuta. Kei te mohiotia te reira e kawea i tenei wahine i roto i akoranga whaiaroaro. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, ka haere mai LEV Landau i te utuafare mātauranga. Tona tuahine pakeke, i te ara, kua riro i te mataaro matū.

tau o te ako

ko LEV Davidovich i te kura nui, tīrama te nei puta i te tau o 13 tau. faaoti ona matua e he rawa taitamariki ki te ako i te teitei institution mātauranga tonu ratou tama. Na ka whakaritea e ratou ki te tonoa ia ki te tau kotahi i roto i Baku Economic School Hangarau. Na, i roto i te tau 1922, i uru ia ki te Whare Wānanga o Baku. Here ako LEV Landau matū me te ahupūngao. E rua tau i muri mai, i whakawhitia LEV Davidovich ki te University o Leningrad, i te Tari o Physics.

Ko te mahi pūtaiao tuatahi, ako paerunga

I te tau o iwa kua kē Landau hei te kaituhi o wha pepa pūtaiao e kua whakaputaina. I tetahi o aua pepa pera-ka karanga kopu kiato i whakamahia mo te wa tuatahi. Kei te whakamahia enei whānui tenei wā. E whakaahuatia ratou e te āhua pūngao aronui. puta Landau i te University i te tau 1927. Na whakauru ia i roto i te kura puta i te Leningrad Physico-Hangarau Institute. I roto i tenei kura, mahi ia i runga i electrodynamics aronui me te ariā o te irahiko autō.

haerenga pakihi

I roto i te wā i tau 1929 ki te tau 1931 ko te misioni pūtaiao Lev Landau. hono tau o te ora, mahi, me te paetae o te pūtaiao ki te mahi tahi tata ki ritenga ke. Ko te kupu, i roto i te haerenga, haere ia ki Switzerland, Germany, nga Hōrana, Ingarangi me Denmark. I roto i enei tau tutaki ia, ka ka mohio ki nga kaiwhakatū o rehe aronui, tika nei i puta. I roto kaipūtaiao, i tutaki Landau, ko Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg ko Niels Bohr. Haere ki te muri LEV Davidovich puritia mana'o hoa mo te toenga o tona ora. Kei te tino kaha te awe tenei pūtaiao e Landau.

Lev Davidovich, i ki waho kawea atu rangahau nui irahiko free (ratou āhuatanga autō). I tua atu, tahi ki Peierls whakahaere ia rangahau me i rehe aronui relativistic. Nā ki tenei mahi LEV Landau, he mahi e hiahia hoa ke, i i titiro rite tetahi o nga physicists ariā ārahi. Kua ako Scientists pehea ki te mahi ki te pūnaha ariā tino matatini. Me kï reira e te muri, ko te kaha, ko te reira te tino pātata ka tīmata Landau mahi rangahau i runga i iti-pāmahana ahupūngao.

Moving ki Kharkov

LEV Davidovich i roto i 1931 ka hoki ia ki a Leningrad. Maoro, Heoi, ua faaoti ia ki te neke ki Kharkov, i te wa ko e te whakapaipai o Ukraine. Here, he kaiputaiao mahi i te Ukrainian Physico-Technical Institute, ko te rangatira o tona tari pāngarau. Wä ko upoko o te Tari o te Ahupūngao Mā te i te University o Kharkov me te Institute o Mechanical Engineering Kharkov Lev Davidovich. I roto i 1934, te USSR Academy o Sciences whakawhiwhia a ia te tohu o Doctor o Tinana me Mathematical Sciences. Ki te mahi i tenei, kihai i Landau Me noa ki te tiaki i tona otr. I whakawhiwhia te taitara o te ahorangi te tau e whai ake nei ki taua aivanaa rite Lev Landau.

Mahi taupokina e te wāhi hou katoa o pūtaiao. Kua whakaputaina Landau i Kharkov mahi i runga i ngā kaupapa pērā i te purara o te tangi, te takenga o te pūngao oranga, te apuhau o te marama, te whakawhitinga pūngao tupu i roto i collisions, wharetīoke, āhuatanga autō o rauemi rerekē, me etahi atu. Nā ki tenei, ka mohiotia rite te theorist ia, kua he rerekē pūkenga ngākau nuitanga pūtaiao.

He āhuatanga motuhake o nga mahi a Landau

I muri mai, ka i reira ko tetahi ahupūngao wē, oti rawa Landau matūriki taunekeneke electrically, whakamatauria rawa whai hua. Te tono i nga ariā i hanga o thermodynamics kua etahi kaipūtaiao he maha o ngā whakaaro auaha mō ngā pūnaha iti-pāmahana. Me mea e ahau e te mahi katoa o Landau āhuatanga e tetahi āhuatanga nui - he virtuoso whakamahi taputapu pāngarau i roto i te imiraa i rongoā ki ngā raruraru matatini. hanga LEV Landau he wāhi nui ki te ariā aronui me te i roto i te ako o te pāhekoheko o te natura me matūriki māmā.

kura Lev Landau

He whānui pono te whānuitanga o tona rangahau. hipokina ratou tata nui wāhanga katoa o ahupūngao pāngarau. Ngā mihi ki tenei whanui o ana ngā pānga ngā te pūtaiao ki Kharkov maha taitamariki pūtaiao pūmanawa me ngā ākonga pūkenga. I roto ia ratou a Lifshits Evgeniy Mihaylovich, e riro te mema Lva Davidovicha me tona hoa tata. Kua tupu te kura ake a tawhio noa Lev Landau, tahuri Kharkiv ki tetahi o nga pokapū ārahi o te ahupūngao ariā i roto i te USSR.

i whakaaro e me ata matau te ahupūngao ariā i roto i ngā wāhanga katoa o te pūtaiao i te pūtaiao. Ki tenei mutunga, whakawhanakehia LEV Davidovich he hōtaka whakangungu rawa uaua. ka karanga ia ki te hōtaka "iti ariā". Kaitono e hiahia ana ki te whai wāhi i roto i te hui, arahina e ia, i ki te whakatau whakaritenga tiketike rawa. Kati te reira ki te mea e i roto i te 30 tau, ahakoa te tonutia ana maha, haere 40 anake te iwi i te whakamātautau i runga i te "iti rawa ariā". Heoi, te hunga e mea ai i te reira, aroha hoatu LEV Davidovich ratou wa, me te aro. I tua atu, i homai te haere noa oti o te whiriwhiri ki a ratou, ka kōwhiri i te kaupapa rangahau.

Creation o te akoranga Physics Mā

tonu Landau Lev Davidovich hoa whanaunga me ona kaimahi, me ngā ākonga. Ratou ka karanga te here akonga Dầu. No te tauturu ia ratou i roto i 1935, i hanga LEV Davidovich te akoranga taipitopito o te ahupūngao pāngarau. I whakaputaina te reira i roto i te taha ki te Landau E. M. Lifshitsem ka ko he raupapa o pukapuka. Ratou kaituhi ihirangi ki te whakahou me te whakahou hoki i te 20 nga tau atu. Riro rongonui nui enei painga. Kua whakamaoritia ratou ki reo maha. I tēnei wā, kei te whakaaro enei pukapuka ture waiata. I roto i te 1962, mo te hanganga o te akoranga e Landau ko Lifshitz riro te Lenin paraihe.

Te mahi ki a Kapitsa

LEV Davidovich i 1937, pahono ki te aniraa Petra Kapitsy (aroaro tona whakaahua kei te muri), ka meinga upoko o te tari o te ahupūngao ariā i te Institute o Physical Problems Moscow, hou hanga i taua wa. Ko te tau i muri mai i mauheretia te kaipūtaiao. ko whakawakia teka i mahi ia i roto i te mahi torotoro i manakohia o Germany. whakawhetai anake ki te wawaotanga o Kapitza, e karanga fakatāutaha ki te Kremlin, i tukua LEV Landau.

A, no te oho Landau i Kharkov ki Moscow, Kapitsa tika mahi i roto i ngā ki haumāmā wai. Ki te makaka te pāmahana i raro 4.2 K (pūmau pāmahana whanganga i kelvins, a kua whanganga i -273,18 ° C, i.e. i te tino kore), riro wai haumāmā hau. I roto i tenei ahua e karangatia ana ko haumāmā-1. Ki te he raro ki 2.17 K te pāmahana, hoki reira ki te wai, tuku ki rite haumāmā-2. He rawa ngā āhuatanga. Haumāmā-2 taea ki te ngāwari rere i roto i nga tatau iti rawa ko te. Te āhua rite ki te he tino ngaro te pokey o reira. Taonga piki ake te taiepa o te oko, me te mea e kore e mahara pā ia. I tua atu, tona kawe ia ngāwhā nui atu i te kawe ia waiariki o te parahi, ko te rau o te mau tau. Kapitsa riri huaina superfluid haumāmā-2 wai. Heoi, i te mea kua kitea whakamātautau i roto i e kore ko te pokey kore.

Kua fokotu'u Scientists e faataa tenei whanonga rerekē e te pānga o e te hunga i roto i te rohe e kore ahupūngao puāwaitanga me te ariā aronui. Ēnei pānga puta noa i pāmahana iti. Ko te tikanga e kore ratou e tae mai i roto i totoka, mai whakatio te nuinga matū i raro i enei tikanga. Ko te okotahi he haumāmā. Tenei taonga ki te kore tino tonu wai ki te kore e waiho i raro i te reira ki te pēhanga teitei. László Tisza i roto i te tau 1938 godu fokotu'u e i roto i te meka haumāmā wai - he ranunga o ngā puka e rua: i te haumāmā-2 (superfluid) me haumāmā-1 (noa wai). A, no te makaka te pāmahana ki te kore tino tata, riro tino te wāhanga tuatahi. E whakamārama ana tēnei whakapae te ahua o te pokey rerekē i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.

faataa Landau te āhuatanga o te superfluidity

Lev Landau, he haurongo poto e whakaahua ana ona whakatutukitanga matua anake, e kore i taea e te whakamārama i te āhuatanga o te superfluidity, te whakamahi i te taputapu pāngarau rawa hou. Kua okioki Ētahi atu pūtaiao i runga i rehe aronui, whakamahia nei te ki te tātari i te whanonga o ngā ngota takitahi. arotakengia hoki Landau ko tata te āhua aronui o te wai te taua me te mea ko reira totoka. hoatu mua e ia te whakapae e reira e rua wāhanga excitation, nekehanga ranei. Ko te tuatahi o enei - ko phonons, e whakaahua te whakatö torotika noa o ngaru oro i ngā uara iti o te pūngao me te whakauka. Tuarua - rotons e whakaahua te nekehanga takahuri. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te faaiteraa matatini ake o excitations puta i te pūngao teitei me te whakauka. tuhia te pūtaiao e taea te faataa i te ari kitea e te roton me phonon takoha me ratou pāhekoheko.

Tohe Landau e taea te whakaaro haumāmā wai rite wae "noa", pu nei i roto i te superfluid "papamuri". Nahea tatou e nehenehe e whakamārama i te meka e ka pau i te haumāmā wai i roto i te āputa kuiti? Ko te pūtaiao tuhia e anake te wāhanga superfluid i roto i tenei take rere. He rotons phonons me tutuku ki nga taiepa, mau tonu ratou.

Ko te uara o te ariā Landau

Landau ariā, a atu te whakapai ake te takaro reira he wāhi tino nui i roto i te pūtaiao. e kore e ngāwari ki te whakamārama i te ari kitea ratou, engari tohu ano i te torutoru ētahi atu. Ko tētahi tauira - he whakatö o rua ngaru he āhuatanga rerekē, me te tuku ki rite tangi tuatahi, me te tuarua. Ko te tangi tuatahi ko te ngaru oro noa, i te tuarua ko te poipoi waiariki. Ngā mihi ki te ariā whakawhanakehia e Landau, i taea ki te hanga nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i mahara ki te āhua o te wharetīoke te pūtaiao.

I roto i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua me te wā he vahaataimi

LEV Davidovich i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ako ia pahūtanga me tahunga. I roto i ngā, paanga ia ngaru ru. I muri i Mei 1945, me te tae noa ki 1962 he kaiputaiao mahi i runga i ngā mahi rerekē. I roto i ngā uiui, ia kanoirite haumāmā onge he he taimaha ngota o 3 (te tikanga tona papatipu 4). tohu LEV Davidovich te oraraa o tenei kanoirite mo te momo hou o te whakatö poipoi. Ko te "kore reo" - na huaina reira LEV Davidovich Landau. Kei te tohua tona haurongo, i roto i te tua, te whai wāhitanga i roto i te hanga o te poma ngota ki te Soviet Union.

Crash, te Nobel me nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora

I te tau o 53 ka eke ia ki te aituā motokā rite ki te hua o nei riro ia whara nui. He rota o kaiwhakaako i te Soviet Union, France, Canada, Czechoslovakia, whawhai hoki te ora o te kaiputaiao. noho ia te kohatu mō te 6 wiki. I roto e toru nga marama i muri i te aituā motokā e kore ahau i mohio ki ara tata Landau Lev. I whakawhiwhia te Nobel ki a ia i roto i 1962. Heoi, i taea ki te haere ki Stockholm ki te farii i te reira e ia mo take o te hauora. I roto i te whakaahua i raro nei e taea e koe te kite Landau me tana wahine i roto i te fare ma'i.

I whakawhiwhia te utu ki te pūtaiao i roto i Moscow. I muri iho i ora ai Lev Davidovich mo 6 tau, engari te hokinga mai ki te rangahau i te reira, a e kore e taea. mate LEV Landau i Moscow rite ki te hua o pōauautanga i tona whara.

whānau Landau

Ka moe a pūtaiao i roto i 1937 Drobantsevoy Concordia, he kaipūkaha tukanga i roto i te mara o te ahumahi kai. Ko tenei wahine he Māori o Kharkov. Tau o tona ora - 1908-1984. i te utuafare i te tama, e riro i muri mai i te ahupūngao whakamātau a mahi i roto i te Institute mo Physical Raruraru. I roto i te whakaahua i raro nei ngā Landau ki tana tama.

Ko katoa e taea te korerotia e pā ana ki taua aivanaa rite LEV Landau tenei. Tona koioranga, o te akoranga, ngā te meka matua anake. Ariā e hanga ia tino uaua mo te kaipānui rokohanga. Na reira, tenei tuhinga poto anake korero e pā ana ki te āhua o te hanga rongonui Lev Landau. He tonu Haurongo me whakatutukitanga o pūtaiao o te pānga nui huri noa i te ao.