LEV Vygotsky: haurongo, whakaahua me te auaha

pūtaiao Kōhure Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, mahi nui nei e ngā i roto i te moni koura o te ao o hinengaro, i te rota ki roto i tona ora poto. whakatakotoria e ia te turanga o tokomaha o ngā muri i roto i te ako me te hinengaro, kei te tatari tonu etahi o ana whakaaro whanaketanga. no Hinengaro Lev Vygotsky ki te ikarangi o pūtaiao Russian tino, e fakatahai mōhiotanga,, ngingila pūkenga kōrero, me te mōhiotanga pūtaiao hohonu.

Family me Childhood

Lev Vygotsky, kua tīmata i roto i te utuafare Hurai whai i roto i te pa o Orsha nei haurongo, i whanau i runga i Noema 17, 1896. Tona ingoa i whanau ko Vygotsky, ua taui roa tīmata ia i roto i 1923. ingoa o te Matua, hari, engari i roto i te tikanga Russian i huaina uri. i kuraina ngā mātua Leo me te iwi taonga. mahi taku whaea rite te kaiako, ko te kaihokohoko tona papa. Ko te hapu o Leo ko te tuarua o waru tamariki.

I roto i te 1897, he nekehanga pai ki Gomel, ka tona papa i reira kaiwhakahaere pēke tuarua. Ko haumaru rawa tamarikitanga o Raiona, toku whaea te wa katoa i oti rawa ki ngā tamariki. Te whare ano tupu tamariki teina tuakana Vygodsky-i roto i te tuakana ngā Rawiri, nei i te mana kaha i runga i Lev. Whare kia pai ko te pokapū ahurea i reira huihui te intelligentsia rohe, kōrero rongo ahurea me ngā i roto i te ao. Ko toku papa te kaiwhakarewa o te whare pukapuka tūmatanui tuatahi i roto i te pa, tikanga tamariki i tamarikitanga ki pānui pukapuka pai. I muri, ka puta mai te whānau i roto i te torutoru philologists tino, a ki te wehewehe i te reira i tona whanaunga, ko te māngai o te formalism Russian, Leo, me te huri i te pukapuka i roto i te ingoa.

ako

No te tamariki, i karangatia te whānau ki te kaiako tūmataiti pai Horomona Markovich Ashpiz, mohiotia hoki tona tikanga whakaako rerekē e hāngai ana i runga i "kōrero" Socrates. I tua atu, puritia ia whakaaro tōrangapū ahu whakamua, me te ko te mema o te Social Democratic Party.

Leo i hanga i raro i te mana o te kaiako, me te tuakana o Rawiri. Mai i te tamarikitanga i hiahia i roto i te tuhinga, me te rapunga whakaaro ia. Tona philosopho tino Benedict Spinoza timata, a kawea tenei kaipūtaiao arearea i roto i tona ora. ako LEV Vygotsky i te kāinga, engari i muri pai haere te whakamātautau waho o te rima te piha haapiiraa o te hākinakina me te haere ki te kura i te kōeke 6 mau tamaroa Hurai ', i reira riro ia tona mātauranga tuarua. ako pai Leo, engari tonu ki te riro mau haapiiraa tūmataiti i Roma, Kariki, Hiperu ko Ingarihi i te kāinga.

I te tau 1913, pai te tu ia i te whakamātautau tomokanga ki te Moscow University Faculty o Medicine. Ko ia rawa hohoro whakamaoritia ki te ture. I roto i te 1916, tuhia e ia he rota o arotake o ngā pukapuka e kaituhi o nāianei, tuhinga i runga i te ahurea me te hītori, whakaaro huritao i runga i te "Hurai" take. I te 1917 whakatau ia ki te waiho i te ture, me te e iritihia i te manga hītori-Philological o ratou te University. Shanyavsky, e puta he tau i muri mai.

ako

I puta ia i te whare wānanga, i fehangahangai LEV Vygotsky ki te raruraru o te mahi. Ko ia tona whaea me te teina te tuatahi ka haere ki ki Samara mo te wahi, ka haere ki Kiev, engari i roto i te tau 1918 ka hoki ki a Gomel. Hea hono reira ki te hanga o te kura hou, i reira ka anga ia ki te whakaako i tona tuakana Rawiri. Mai i 1919 ki te 1923 mahi ia i roto i te maha o ngā kura i roto i te Gomel, parahiraa mai te Poari o te Mātauranga hoki. Tenei wheako whakaako ko te take mo tona rangahau wawe i runga i nga tikanga o te mana i runga i te whakatupuranga o muri.

Ia fakanatula tomo ahu whakamua mō taua aronga wa pedological, e hopoi mai huihui hinengaro me te ako. Hangaia Vygotsky he taiwhanga whakamātau i roto i Gomel kāreti, i hanga e tona hinengaro mātauranga. Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich kaikōrero kaha i hui me riro kitea ki aivanaa i roto i te mara hou. I muri i te matenga o te pūtaiao mahi i runga i nga raruraru o te hanganga o ngā pūkenga me te whakangungu o ngā tamariki, ka kia ngā ratou ki te pukapuka ui "hinengaro Educational". ka waiho te reira i te kohinga o ngā tuhinga e pā ana ki te tiaki, mātauranga rerehua, puka o ako hinengaro tamaiti, me te tuakiri kaiako.

Hipanga Tuatahi i roto i te Pūtaiao

I ako i te University, he hiahia i roto i te faaino tuhituhi Lev Vygotsky, whakaputa e rave rahi mahi i runga i Poetics. Tona mahi i runga i te tātaritanga o "Hamlet" e William Shakespeare i te kupu hou i roto i te tātari tuhituhi. Heoi, tīmata nahanaha mahi pūtaiao Vygotsky ki te whai wāhi i roto i tetahi atu ao - i te pūtahitanga o te mātauranga me te hinengaro. Tona mahi arahina taiwhanga whakamātau, i meinga he kupu hou i roto i te pedology. Ahakoa Na, ka mau a Vygotsky tukanga hinengaro me ngā take o te hinengaro o te mana i runga i ngā mahi o te kaiako. E te aroaro ana mahi i te maha hui pūtaiao, ko reira kanapa, me te ahurei, hanga reira taea ki te riro i te kaimātai hinengaro Vygotsky.

Ara i roto i Psychology

mahi Ko te tuatahi o Vygotsky e pā ana ki te raruraru o te mātauranga o ngā tamariki rerekē, kua whakatakotoria enei rangahau e kore anake te turanga mo te whakatū o Defectology, engari waiho ano hoki he takoha nui ki te ako o teitei mahi hinengaro me ngā tauira hinengaro. I roto i te 1923, i te Congress i psychoneurology puta hui nō ki te kaimātai hinengaro tino AR Luria. I mo'oni patua e ia te pūrongo Vygotsky ka tīmataria te nekehanga LEV Semenovich i Moscow. I te 1924 i karangatia Vygotsky ki te mahi i te Institute o Psychology Moscow. Ko te kupu timata te kānapanapa, ko te wā poto o tona ora.

i rawa rerekē ngākau nuitanga pūtaiao. mahi ia ki ngā raruraru e hāngai ana i te wa o Reflexology, kua hanga he wāhi nui ki te ako o teitei mahi hinengaro, a kahore e wareware e pā ana ki tona aroha wawe - e pā ana ki ako. Ahakoa i muri i te matenga o te kaipūtaiao ka waiho he pukapuka e fakatahai tona maha nga tau o te rangahau, - ". Psychology o te whanaketanga tangata" Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich ko te tikanga o te hinengaro, me te i roto i tenei pukapuka kei ona whakaaro huritao i runga i nga tikanga taketake o te hinengaro me te tātaritanga. Ngā nui ko te wāhanga i runga i te raruraru hinengaro, te moni faahiahia 6 kauwhau o pūtaiao, i roto i nei ia e noho ana i runga i nga take matua o te hinengaro whānui. kihai i Vygotsky whakahaere ki te whakakitea hohonu ratou whakaaro, engari ka te kaiwhakarewa o te maha o ngā i roto i te pūtaiao.

ariā ahurea-hītori

He wahi motuhake i roto i te ariā hinengaro o Vygotsky e te ariā ahurea-hītori o te konä. Ia i roto i te 1928 hanga i te tauākī maia i te wa e te taiao pāpori ko te puna matua o te whanaketanga whaiaro. Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, e mahi i runga i pedology huarahi motuhake rerekē, tika whakapono e haere te tamaiti i roto i te wāhanga o te hanganga o te konä, ka rite ki te hua o ngā hōtaka koiora e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te tukanga o te whanaketanga o te "taputapu hinengaro": ahurea, te reo, pūkete pūnaha. whakawhanake mahara i roto i te mahi tahi, me te kōrero, kia e kore e taea te amuitahiraa te tūranga o te ahurea i roto i te auaha tuakiri. Ko te tangata, kia rite ki te kaimātai hinengaro, he hapori tino pāpori, me waho, e taea e kore te hanga e maha ngā mahi hinengaro.

"Psychology Art o"

Ko tētahi atu nui, tahuri te pukapuka, kua meinga nei rongonui Vygotskiy Lev, - "Psychology Art o". I roto i te marama o haere mai te reira maha nga tau i muri i te matenga o te kaituhi, a tae noa ka hanga he ongo nui i runga i te ao pūtaiao. Ko tōna pānga ite kairangahau i mara rerekē: hinengaro, wetereo, rangahau, hītori toi, pāpori. Ko te whakaaro matua o Vygotsky e toi ko te wāhi nui o te whanaketanga o maha mahi hinengaro, ka he tika ki te akoranga tūturu o te kukuwhatanga tangata tona takenga. Art Ko te take faufaa mo te ora o te taupori tangata, mahi reira maha mahi nui i roto i te hapori, me te ora o te mau taata.

"Thought ko Speech"

Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, he tonu tino hira huri noa te ao nei pukapuka, e kore kua i te wa ki te whakaputa i tona mahi nui. Ko te pukapuka "Thought me Speech" Kua he revolution tūturu i roto i te hinengaro o tona wa. I roto i te reira i taea ki te hanga he tokomaha o nga whakaaro i whakatakoto, ka whakawhanakehia i roto i te pūtaiao hinengaro, psycholinguistics, hinengaro pāpori nui i muri i te kaipūtaiao. experimentally whakamatauria Vygotsky e hanga e te whakaaro tangata te ka whakawhanakehia anake i roto i te mahi kupu. I te reo taua me ko ano tatou he tikanga o whakaongaonga mahi hinengaro. kitea e ia te hanganga pūāhua stadial o whakaaro, a whakaurua te ariā o "raruraru", e te whakamahia nga wahi katoa inaianei.

takoha o pūtaiao ki te pūtaiao

Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, nei pukapuka e inaianei hiahiatia pānui mo nga kaimātai hinengaro, i taea ki te hanga i te takoha nui ki te whanaketanga o te maha sciences mo tona ora poto rawa i roto i te pūtaiao. kua riro tona mahi, i roto i te tahi atu rangahau, te hiringa mo te hanganga o te psychoneurology, psycholinguistics, hinengaro hinengaro. Ko tōna ariā ahurea, me te hītori o te whakaaro ko te turanga o te kura pūtaiao katoa o te hinengaro e tino kaha timata ki te whanake i roto i te rautau 21.

E kore e taea ki te haafaufaa ore i te takoha o Vygotsky, te whanaketanga o te defectology kāinga, me te hinengaro mātauranga. E rave rahi o ana mahi i tenei ra anake te tiki i to ratou aro mātai pono me te whanaketanga i roto i te hītori o te hinengaro Russian ko inaianei he wahi o te kororia e te ingoa rite Lev Vygotsky. Books pūtaiao tenei ra tāia tonu, whakaputaina ona tauira me huahua, te tātaritanga o e whakaatu ana pēhea te kaha, me te taketake i ana whakaaro me mahere.

akonga a Vygotsky Ko te whakapehapeha o te hinengaro motu, a te whakawhanake fruitfully tona ake whakaaro. I roto i te 2002 whakaputaina e ia he pukapuka o te kaipūtaiao "Psychology", i hanumi nei tona rangahau taketake i roto i te manga taketake o te pūtaiao, pērā i whānui, pāpori, haumanu, hinengaro, me te hinengaro whanaketanga. I teie mahana, tenei akoranga ko te turanga hoki whare wānanga te whenua o katoa.

ora whaiaro

Ka rite ki tetahi kaiputaiao, Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, hei hinengaro hoki e kua he mea o te ora, te nuinga o tona wa i hoatu te mahi. Otiia i roto i te Gomel puta ia wahine marena hou whakaaro, me te i muri wahine - Rose Noevna Smekhova. noho te tokorua i te ora poto tahi - nga tau 10 anake tau, engari ko te reira i te faaipoiporaa oaoa. te Gita ko Asya: e rua nga tamahine a te tokorua. Rua ka pūtaiao, Gita Lvovna - he kaimātai hinengaro me te kaihaumanu, Asya L. - kaikoiora. Tonu mataotao hinengaro whare me te tamahine - Elena Evgenevna Kravtsova, e Matua inaianei te Institute o Psychology ingoa i muri i tona papa ruau.

Whakamutunga o te Road

Hoki i te tīmatanga o te 1920 kirimanatia LEV Vygotsky kohi. riro ia te take o tona mate i roto i te 1934. Pūtaiao noa te mutunga o nga ra, ka tonu ki te mahi i te ra whakamutunga o tona ora ka mea: ". Ko ahau rite" faingataa nga tau whakamutunga o te ora o te kaimātai hinengaro i kapua tukutuku pai huri noa tona mahi. tāmitanga haamouraa me te whakatoi, na te mate tukua ki a ia te karo hopu, me kua puritia tona hapu i utu.