Madrasah: he aha me te wahi i haere mai i?

Ko te whakautu e pā ana ki te pātai "madrassas - e tenei" ko te whai ake: ko reira he institution mātauranga o Mahometa, e whakaako kaiako, me te ara tohunga. I te tahi taime, i reira e whakangungua me pononga tūmatanui heke mai. Ko, e taea te whakaaro te reira e ngákaunuitia ki te pūtahi mātauranga teitei i roto i Europe a Amerika.

Madrasah - he aha te mea te reira? tona hītori

Ki te iritihia tika i Arabic, te tikanga mooni tenei kupu he wahi i reira te tangata he te tahi mea ki te ako, te tahi mea ki te ako me te ako. Ko te tikanga o "madrassas" - ". He wahi ki te ako"

Ko te whare tuatahi o tenei momo puta i roto i te kingitanga o te whare Abbasid. Ko te whakahua tuatahi o whakautu ki te pātai: "Madrasah - he aha te mea te reira?" - te rā hoki anake ki te rau tau 9, engari i roto i te 13, ko te kua whānui tenei āhuatanga. E te nuinga ēnei kura ako kaupapa ki te rītaha fakalotu, tae atu teolosia Koranic me te ako. I tua atu, i whakaakona te ākonga te reo Arabic hiahiatia ki te pānui i te Koran, me te pāngarau, me te hītori. I roto i te kura rau tau 11 tahuri ki te whare tūmatanui. e whakaturia ana Kāwanatanga kaiako e mahi i reira. Pea mea ïa no te mea o tenei whanaketanga keresetiano Sunni kaha. Ina e, i te institution, ko te tuatahi te mua te kura, i hanga he wahi mo whakangungu mo te mahi tūmatanui. Ko te madrasah ko he kaha o te mana i runga i te ora fakalotu, me te tōrangapū o te kāwanatanga.

whakahaere akoranga

Ko te kaupapa matua e kua ako i roto i madrassas: rongoā, pāngarau, me te ture.

Enei kura i ki te faaineine i rangatira i oti rawa te karakia ki te āhua. Ko tenei i tika ki te whiriwhiri o ngā kaupapa, no te mea ko te madrasa i runga i te mahere o te mana ki te riro ei mauhaa o te mana i runga i te ora tōrangapū me te karakia o te hapori. E tū Karaehe i roto i te pereoo e kore e e whai hiranga tuatahi mo te pono. Kura tiaki me utu utua waqf. riro hoki Mudarris-kaiako i te utu i te kāwanatanga. haina ratou i te kaiāwhina i arahina kauwhau mō ngā ākonga, whakaritea tautohetohe i runga i ngā kaupapa fakalotú, ka ako hoki tuhinga, e taea e whai hua ki ngā ākonga o pou tūmatanui i roto i te heke mai. Ngā ākonga e kua haere tenei whakangungu, ka tavini taiva ore o te kāwanatanga, i ngā ratou kore anake ki whare me whakaurunga mo te wā o te whakangungu, engari ano hoki i te karahipi. he nui rautau 12 i roto i te hītori o te mātauranga i roto i nga whenua Arab e i tenei wa timata ki te hanga i ngā whare o te hōputu hou, nga madrassas urupa pera-ka karanga. auraa Kotahi ruma i roto ia ratou i hoki whakangungu, me te tahi atu, wehea, ko tetahi wahi o te tanumanga o te kaiwhakarewa. E whakaatu ana tēnei i ko te whakahaere o te madrasah mahi e whakahonoretia ana, whai ahurei ki te whanaketanga o te kāwanatanga.

Kua aha kua ako

Korero o madrassas - e ko, matau tatou e ko te orotahi o teitei te institution mātauranga mō rangatira tenei. Nä, ki te kaupapa ako i whiriwhiria whakaata tenei ite taa'e. Mai whakangungua kura ture rangatira me bureaucrats, i roto i te tua ki Fiqh, i whakaurua e whaiwhakaaro ana me he maha o te tahi atu pekanga hāngai ana. Fatimid imams, whakawhetai ki tona ohipa misionare kaha, i taea ki te kukume i te Sultan Saladin whakatuwhera kura hou. Mai ko ia he tautoko o Sunni Ihirama, i kuraina i te ākonga mātauranga hou i roto i te wairua o tenei kaupapa, me te faaineine ki te tango i te pou i roto i te mahi tūmatanui.

E ko, i te Sultan tona pai ki te whakaako i te bureaucrats, e faaite tahi ia etahi whakaaro karakia, me te tōrangapū.

iho hoahoanga

whakaaro madrasah Muslim te tetahi o nga masterpieces o hoahoanga, rite i hoatu tona hoahoa te matua teitei. Ko te matatini o te whare ko te wahi o te whare Korāna iho, noho hoki ngā ākonga, akomanga me fare kai. Ko te ruma matua ko te Quince - wehea ki e toru titoko o e rarangi o tīwae te ruma tairanga. Ko tētahi o tona taha, ko tuwhera a arahina ki te marae matua. Kua Rehita o madrassas kua homai tokanga makehe. whare Whatahoro i roto i Istanbul me era atu pa e patu i roto i to ratou ataahua me te aravihiraa.

auraa Cultural me hītori

E kore te te tūranga matua o madrassas hei pokapū mātauranga iti ki te whakarite mateaki ki te āpiha a te kāwanatanga. Ko ratou o faufaa nui mo te horapa o Ihirama i te Te Tai Rāwhiti me te i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, ka kitea ano i roto i te wa e tika ana he mana nui i runga i te pūnaha o te mātauranga Pākehā. Hei tauira, te institution mātauranga tuatahi, kei te faaineine no te bureaucrats ratonga ā-iwi, ka reira te University o Naples i Itari. I roto i te meka, he tika wheako tono Mahometa i roto i rangatira whakangungu. Pākehā hohoro tangohia tenei wheako.

Ka rite ki te hua, i whakaritea tata katoa te whare wānanga o Europa i runga i te tauira madrassas. whakarato rātou i ngā ākonga ki te karahipi, whare, whai wāhi ki ngā rauemi mātauranga.

madrasah tenei ra

e kore e pūtahi mātauranga o tenei momo anake i roto i whenua Ihirama. Hei tauira, i roto i Kazan mahi Madrasah Muhammadiyah, te wahi riro ākonga mātauranga minita faaineine ki hei kaiwhakamāori i Arabic ranei. Hei ako anake manako Mahometa.