Mahi ohaoha Foreign - ko ... Whakahaere o te mahi ohaoha ke

mahi ohaoha Foreign - ko te mahi kāwanatanga i roto i te ao ōhanga waho te hokohoko kāinga tenei. He maha ngā āhuatanga rerekē, engari he katoa ratou i roto i te tahi mau ara hono ki te mākete, te whakatairanga i te reira i runga i katoa o ngā ratonga: transportation, hoko o taonga. I roto i te meka, he reira he pūnaha matatini arā, o maha hononga taupuhipuhi.

I te pae hopea, mahi ohaoha ke he whakaaro - hanga i te pai kia rite ki te hua o te whakatinanatanga o etahi whakawhitinga i roto i te hokohoko o te ao.

Ka rite ki te whakaaro i te wāhanga nui o te hokohoko angitu te ki hei rangahau mākete, tono hoki ngā momo rerekē o te taonga ratonga ranei, te aroaro o whakataetae, te ako o te kamupene - kiritaki pea i mua i te rōpū nui o ngā kaiwhakahaere, economists me marketers mahi haepapa ki te whakapumautia me te pupuri i te mahi o te huarahi i runga ake-whakahuatia katoa.

Āhuatanga o mahi o te kāwanatanga i roto i te ao o te ōhanga ke

he ona ake peculiarities āhuatanga Russian mahi ohaoha ke. Rurukutanga o ngā tukanga e hāngai ana o whanaunga mākete ngā o te torutoru ngā taketake. Tefito i roto i enei ko:

1) ture kāwanatanga o ngā mahi hokohoko ke o ture o te maha whenua. Ko te kōmihana o whakawhitinga hokohoko ke he e taea kahore mohio o te anga ture ture he mahi ngā;

2) whanaunga i roto i te ao o te ōhanga ke - mākete, kia kia kia whakaritea ngā mahi hokohoko. e kore e whanaungatanga Commercial mahi ki te he hiahia i roto i te mahi tahi tahi nga hoa i whenua rerekē. mahi ohaoha Foreign, whakakitea e tetahi whakawhitinga ao, e taea noa kahore whiriwhiringa, whakawhitinga arumoni i waenganui hoa. Ko reira - nui, mahi āpiti Fea wāhi;

3) i te iti rawa i te wahi nui o tetahi hoko ko te kai o te waka, kamupene rīanga mō te aratau me te waka multimodal. Ngohe Ko tetahi o te whenua e taea kahore whatunga i waenganui i ngā tikanga, ngā whakawhitinga moni, rite he nui hoki ahua o te mahi i tetahi te paranga me whakataunga. ka korerotia whakapumautia a whāngai tikanga katoa, tuhia ka kite, na e faufaa nga pūkenga motuhake, me te mōhiotanga o ngä.

Kaiwhakahaere i roto i te kaupapa here ke o te kāwanatanga

I roto i to tatou whenua, Tari o Tauhokohoko he kawenga mo te whakahaere o ke ngā mahi ōhanga o te kāwanatanga. I roto i nga tau tata nei, e rave rahi mau huru o te mahi i roto i Russia kua oti huringa nui. Tāhuhu o ngā mahi Tauhokohoko:

• regulates a faaau whanaunga hokohoko;
• Na te reira e tono mo te whakakotahitanga o te kaupapa here ke i waenganui i nga whenua - hoa;
• Ka āta whakarite te reira i te whakatinanatanga o te tono whāngai me ture.

I tua atu, i te Russian Tāhuhu o kawenga Finance ngā:

• ture o te taake;
• te whakatū ture mō whakataunga ao;
• faaotiraa o te tukanga i roto i ngā take e pā ana ki te pūtea, whiwhinga i te ngā mahi ngā i roto i te ōhanga waho;
• e mau ana i roto i ngā ngā mahi noa atu;
• hoatu ngā ngākau nuitanga o tona whenua i roto i nga whakahaere moni, me te nama ao, me te i roto i ētahi atu whenua o te Central Bank. Ko te Central Bank o Russia ko te matua tinana mana faaohiparaa i te mana i runga i te whakawhitinga moni i runga i ngā whakawhitinga ke, me te he regulator o whanaunga i waenganui ia ratou.

Tikanga - te kaupapa o whanaunga ōhanga ke

take Customs - ko reira ano hoki te mahi ohaoha ke. whakawhanake Customs State Komiti o te Russian Federation, me whakatinana kaupapa here moni i roto i te āhua, ko tetahi o nga wahi faufaa o te pupirikana me te pūnaha haepapa o te whenua. I tua atu, whakahaere te ti'amâraa kāwanatanga ngā mahi katoa i roto i te ahumahi, te whakahaere mahi ohaoha i te tikanga ngā i runga i te pūtake o te kaupapa here tikanga, whakawhanakehia i roto i Russia.

Haere i roto i te tukanga o te tirohanga tikanga, me te tautuhi o te wae hua ia e tango tona waehere. I tua atu, i te nomenclature koloa o mahi ohaoha ke kawea i roto i roto i te ture Russian ngā. Ngā mihi ki tenei tikanga, e taea ana ki te uru me te ako o te hanganga hokohoko ao ngaio.

Ko te whanaketanga o te mahi ohaoha ke ko ki te whakatū i te-kounga tiketike, me whanaunga whaihua. He nui hoki to ratou hanganga ki te whakawhānui i ngā hoapā pakihi i waenganui i hoa ke - ngā me täwahi,, ki te āwhina a ratou, āwhina. I tenei wā, ko te kawenga mana rohe i roto i rohe, me te māngai o te whakahaere, Chamber of Commerce o te Russian Federation.

He Russia teie mahana te mākete whanaunga pai-whakapumautia ki nga whenua maha o te Tata, a Far ki waho.

Huapai me ngā huakore o ripeneta

kawea atu hanganga maha ki runga i o te wā, he wā roa, whai wāhi ki te hanganga o te pātengi raraunga kotahi, i roto i nei te mahi ohaoha ke. Ko reira, te tuatahi o te katoa, whai wāhi nui i roto i te Waeine o ngā tukanga i runga i te mākete waho. Ahakoa kua ite katoa e te whakahou kihai i arahi ki huringa tuwhena, ngā take, me ngā wero i roto i te mākete ao ko tonu te rota. e kore tonu e rite tino State ke mahi ohaoha o Russia, kua rite kua tīmata materoto. kāwanatanga hohoro te mutunga arahina ki:

• ti'aturiraa i runga i kawemai o maha taonga kiritaki;
• te ino o whanaunga i waenganui i nga whenua o te kaweake;
• te vavahiraa o maha mākete i te whenua, e kua tukua i kaihanga kāinga;
• kaweake o matou ringa, he hanga pūtaiao.

Ko te poi o te mahi ohaoha ke o Russia kua toutou kua waiho i raro ki whakahounga, engari i tenei wā o te huarahi o tona ture tonu tia ore.

Ko te ahunga matua i roto i te ao o te ōhanga ke

Me State ture o mahi ohaoha ke ki te waiho i te pūnaha whai hua, e te tikanga e tono urutau o ia kaupapa takitahi ki ngā hou hou o te ōhanga mākete:

• internationalization o production;
• te whanaketanga o te wehenga ao o te mahi;
• anō o koroheke, me te hanga o ngā ahumahi hou i roto i te ōhanga;
• whakahou whakapaipai e pā ana ki te whiwhinga o te moni i roto i tenei ranei e mahi;
• te whanaketanga o te mahi maia i roto i corporations transnational;
• te kāwanatanga o hokohoko i waenganui i nga whenua e rua. He mea nui ki te whakaiti i te mau ohipa ritenga, whakakahore here i runga i kawemai, ka kaweake taonga mo te kaweake, i whai ahua ai te rohe ōhanga atu free.

Ki te whakakore koe tauārai rohe, te hanga hokohoko noa, me te ki ake i te maha o ngā rohe hokohoko free, ka kia nui te pānga i runga i whanaunga ōhanga ke i roto i te töpü o katoa o nga āhuatanga i runga ake.

Huringa i roto i te hokohoko ke: tariffs me reiti

Huringa toutou i raro ki tariffs. Tāke paräoa whakapumautia motuhake mo ia momo o hua, utu rerekëtanga, reira faaitoito i te kaweake o taonga ki waho, hurihia ranei, ki te pupuri ia ratou, ki te kawea mai tona production kua te whenua he pai nui. tikanga ture poi ka hei huringa nui i roto i nga tau e haere mai ana. mahara Kāwanatanga te ki te whakaiti i te maha o te mau ohipa a ko anake to ratou whakaaro ki te nui o te taonga, kaua ki te tūemi iti motuhake.

Reira riro hoki whakakotahitanga o reiti tāke, te whakaiti o ngaahi fatongia i muri i rironga ahu o te Russia ki te WTO. Kua i roto i maha whenua whakawhanakehia, he toharite te taumata o te taake i roto i tikanga tariffs, engari e kore e rimurapa tau. Nui ki te whakawhanake i te whānuitanga katoa o te tāke-kore ture o whanaunga i waenganui i nga mana o te mahi, no te mea e taea anake te tono utu raro ngā tauārai tāke-kore. International mahi hokohoko ke o etahi Amerika i roto i tenei whakaaro e taea te mahi kia rite ki te tauira mo ngā kaupapa here motu.

Huringa i roto i te tāketanga me te rakahinonga

I roto i Russia, he tangata tonu te taake i runga i te tahi mau rāngai pai. e kore e hiahia ki te haumi i roto i te ōhanga o to tatou whenua, ki te whai ratou super-hua i te supply o ona rauemi mata i runga i te mākete ao ki ētahi atu whenua Exporters.

Ko reira e tika ana ki te whakarongo ki te rakahinonga auaha, te matauranga-kaha tāwāhi. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakapai ake i te hanganga kaweake o te tautoko kāwanatanga Russian he mea nui ki te whakaputa ki tāwāhi o taonga hangaia. Ki te noho koe i te hōtaka kaweake rohe, te whakataetae i waenganui i ngā kamupene Russian hokohoko hua rite, ka waiho iti.

Te whakapai ake i te tōtika o te whanaunga waho o te ōhanga e taea, rerekē mākete mo taonga kāinga, me te puna o rauemi raw whakaputaina mō te kaweake, te pupuri i whanaunga ki whenua maha, whakawhānui tonu ratou whānui.

Tautautefito te Foreign Economic Whanaungatanga tata o te USSR

He nui Kaweake me kawemai o captan ki te whakahaere me te faufaa te huri i te āhuatanga. Ko te kaweake o te whakapaipai i Russia tīmata ki te shit Asia i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. A, no te hanga te Soviet Union whakauru kamupene kararehe tahi, me te waiwai tika hoko i runga i te kaweake o whakapaipai i roto i te puka o loans i te āhua. I tua atu, kua tangohia etahi whenua Pākehā Western tenei whakaaro, ka anga ki te hanga i ngā hanganga i te kāinga.

Fele haere loans ki Turkey, Iran, Mongolia, Afghanistan. Ētahi whenua whakawhanake kua riro āwhina i te utu Soviet Union. Otiia ki te parariraa o tona Tuhinga o taurewa, me te āwhina whenua ki waho tino i peka. Nui ake kaweake o te whakapaipai, engari i roto i te tahi atu mau huru:

• te whai wāhi o te haumi i roto i te hinonga nui motu;
• Tuhinga o taurewa mo te kawemai o whakapaipai tūmataiti.

Pū o te haumi i roto i te ōhanga Russian

I teie mahana, i runga i te kawemai o whakapaipai i roto i to tatou whenua, kei te kore noa hangaia te ariā ki te whakatau e kore e whakawhanakehia te kaweake o te pūnaha whakapaipai, ki te kahore hoki etahi āhuatanga paku o reira. mana Captan kaweake i Russia i 1991 tangohia te ture "I te kāwanatanga o mahi ōhanga i waho te rohe o te RSFSR."

Te aroturuki i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi utu ke kawea atu ki runga ki te kaupapa o te ture "I te Moni Tu'utu'uni ko Mana". whakapaipai Private ko ki te kaweake te kāwanatanga e kore e tautokona, e kore e tangohia e kore mehua. Matou e matau anake te whakaaetanga i runga i te tiaki o haumi ki ētahi atu whenua, te ārai taake rua.

Te whakatakoto rerekē momo o haumi ki waho e kore e haere te tātari o ngā mahi hokohoko ke. Heoi, ngā here i runga i te kaweake o whakapaipai noa atu kei kore e wātea ana i roto i Russia.

Ko te raruraru o te kaweake ture o te whakapaipai ki waho

He ko he rota o manene ture, te tuku whakapaipai ki painga kaweake-whiwhi. Foreign kamupene kua rēhitatia i te āhua rēhita He nui iti ake i te hunga kamupene e haumi i roto i Russian pāpāho. Hoki te hanganga o nga ngākau nuitanga motu me ngā whāinga i roto i te mara o te kaweake me Russia ki te waihanga i tētahi ariā taipitopito mo te kaweake o whakapaipai tūmataiti noa atu. He tika e kore e anake ki mana uruhi tenei, engari ano hoki pūtea tūmataiti. Fundamentals o kaupapa here kāwanatanga Russian i runga i te kaweake o whakapaipai ki waho mo ratou ki te kia āta tāutuhia, ka matau.

Hei whakatau i te tukanga katoa o te whakapaipai matamua ko uaua, no te mea kahore e whai hua i roto i te ora tūturu tonu nga mehua fakangatangata, ka rāhuitia. Te whakapai ake i te haumi āhuarangi, te reira te tikanga:

• whakaiti i te pikaunga pupirikana;
• ki te ū te āhuatanga tōrangapū i roto i te whenua;
• ki te aukati i maranga pikinga;
• ū ki te ture;
• whakaiti ari taihara i roto i te ōhanga.

Ki tenei huringa, te āhuatanga e kua pai ake te āhuarangi haumi i roto i te whenua, a na reira te huri mo te pai i roto i te take o te kawemai me te kaweake o te whakapaipai. Ki te hinga i te tutukitanga i runga i te kawemai-kaweake o haumi ke -problem to tatou kāwanatanga. Ko reira ka whai i te āhuarangi haumi pai te pānga i runga i nga tikanga o te mana tikanga, ngā mahi whakawhiti ke, whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga whai hua o te hokohoko te ao.

Foreign mahi ohaoha - ko te ao o te ora ōhanga me te tōrangapū o te kāwanatanga, i te mea ki te whakapakari i tūranga i runga i te taumata tiketike o te haumi e kore e taea te mahi i waho haumi ke tenei. E hāngai ngā mahi katoa i te whakapai ake i te haumi e pā ana-taiao, o te akoranga, kia kawea i roto i tahi. Me ki whakarongo ki te wāhanga e whai ake nei mo te whakataunga o whanaunga i waho ōhanga te whenua o te kāwanatanga:

• Whakaora a te whakawhānui i katoa ngā wāhanga o ngā mahi o te Kihi, a noa atu, rite te Pākehā Union.
• Whakatere te tukanga o te tuitui i ngā i roto i te whenua Kihi.
• Hanga atu whai hua whanaunga ōhanga waho i roto i ngā rohe katoa o Russia;
• Tohatoha mārama tūranga me ngā kawenga i waenganui i ngā rohe me te pokapū o te herenga me ngā whakaritenga e āta te mahi ohaoha ke. Tenei whakarato taea hoki te mahi i roto i te tikanga wehenga, i waho pokanoa ki te tukanga haere tonu o te hokohoko, me i te wa ano ki te pupuri i te āhuatanga i raro i te mana tonu o te kāwanatanga.