Mahi "Weiss". Ka rite ki te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao

E whitu tekau nga tau ki muri, kua to matou whenua kua i roto i te mau taime tino whakamataku, me te kino o te hītori hou, kua ake puta ke te akoranga o te whanaketanga o Russia, me o te iwi Russian te whakarau. Ko mo te whawhai ao i timata ai ahua mua, i roto i 1939, ka whakaritea e te kāwanatanga Nasí kahore whakatupato tinihanga te patu Poland. whakaaro tenei hui ko te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.

Ko te tīaroaro o ope

I roto i te 1939, kua whakawhanakehia he āhuatanga ao rawa kukū i roto i Europe: whakapaho te wairua o te whawhai i nga wahi katoa, engari tae noa ki te mutunga o te timatanga o te tangata whawhai tika i whakapono i Germany. I tua atu, i te nuinga o te taupori o Ingarangi ko France, ngā te whenua i roto i te whakakotahitanga anti-Fascist, tautoko i hoki te otinga rangimarie o te pakanga Tiamana.

Otiia e kore mahere o te Wehrmacht ngā tetahi whakaaetanga takawaenga, i whakaaro mahi katoa i roto i Germany i te timatanga rawa i roto i roto i mua, me nga whiriwhiringa rangimarie me kirimana ko te nekehanga rautaki mā te e whakangau ke hoariri whakarongo.

mahere mo te kau Nasí

tau anake i muri, i taea ki te mārama me pēhea te te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua me e ko te take te iwi whānui, no te mea kua arahina tenei hui ki te whakatikatika tino o te kaha i roto i Europe a te ao.

Ki te taenga o nga kau Nasí ki te mana i roto i ngā kaupapa matua Germany i hāngai i te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga anake - whakaaetanga o te iwi Tiamana i runga i ētahi atu, me te kingitanga kapu. He tau torutoru kaha whakaora ōhanga te whenua o haere escalating matatini hōia, me kua tupu te whakatupuranga o muri, ka kawea ki runga i roto i te wairua o te misioni motuhake o nga Tiamana i runga i te whenua.

prehistory

Na roto i te 1939, tae Germany i te taumata tika tiketike o te whanaketanga, a ko te taahiraa i muri o te kāwanatanga Fascist te whakaaro o te roha o "wāhi ora" i te utu o te pakanga hōia i roto i te rawhiti o Europe. Ngā mihi ki te kaupapa here mohio, me te whakaaro, i taea ki te riria nga upoko o France, a Ingarangi e kore e mea ana ki te hohoro te whakawhānui i te whawhai i roto i Europa ki tetahi whenua Hitler.

Na reira, ka anga whakaekenga o Poland ki Chamberlain ko France o matenga ahua o te ohorere, i roto i Europa noa tata nei, tumanako hoki te angitu o ngā whiriwhiringa takawaenga.

Ko te take mōhiohio

I waenganui Germany ko Poland kua tonu kerēme rohe tahi, tae atu i runga i te tahi mau whenua Awherika. Otiia wahia te pakanga matua i huri noa te ara ki te Moana Baltic me te pa o Danzig, ki nei kua roa tamata nga Tiamana ki te titau. Hitler ko Ribbentrop peka rave rahi mau taime ki te kahore he pai Poland ki te mana noa o te mana Tiamana, whakawehi Warsaw Pakanga me te wehenga muri o te whenua kia rite ki ratou i tika mahi i roto i Czechoslovakia.

Whakatūpato kihai i mahi, kua pai Poland tetahi mahi tahi ki nga kau Nasí. Otiia e kore e pouri i te reira tira o Hitler: i whakawhanakehia kē nga porowhita rangatira o te Wehrmacht me he rite ki te whakatinana i tētahi wāhanga hou o te mahi kaitaua - Operation "Weiss".

rautaki Nasí

mātātoa whakatö Nasí tohatohaina mōhiohio e pā ana ki te waina Poland o whakapataritari te pakanga, a ka huaina te take o te totohe i te meka e kua kihai Warsaw ki te hoki i te German Free City o Danzig.

Mahere "Weiss" ngā hopu tere, me te tata ware te rohe katoa, te whakangaromanga o te hanganga, me te whakatūnga o tona ake tikanga. Hoki enei take i whakaritea ai ki te whakamahi i rererangi, hōia, me te tank ope, me te he kōwae motuhake, i te kawenga mō te haavare i te tianara Polish i runga i nga whāinga o te ope matua Tiamana.

whakaeke Mahere Germany a i runga i Poland ko te whakarongo ki te taipitopito: te ope Wehrmacht kia haaati i te ope matua o te hoariri i te tonga, a kahore e hoatu ki a ia te wa mo te roopu me te whakamahinga o nga ope matua. tumanako Hitler e kore Britain ko France e maia ki te haere ki te whawhai, kia rite ki i tohe ratou e hainatia i mua i te Tiriti te rongo, engari ahakoa pohewatia te pea o te whakatuwheratanga te mua tuarua, ka hoatu te ope ki raro General B. Leeb tiaki te rohe ki te hauauru ki Farani, Belgium me te Netherlands.

Hinaaro o te rōpū ki te whawhai

Homai te āhua o te ōhanga me te ope patu i te tikanga o Germany / Poland i 1939, ko tino tonutia te putanga o te mahi Nasí. ope a Hitler tino hoariri pai i roto i te taputapu hangarau. I tua atu, i taea ki te whakarite i te roopu tere, me te angitu o e Warsaw noa te mutunga ko tata tetahi mea mohiotia te nga Tiamana.

i nui hoki iho i roto i te tokomaha ki te taua i te rawa timatanga i whakaritea e te kāwanatanga i runga i te whakamahinga o ope haere nga rohe i runga i te wāhi tika nui te ope Polish. ngoikore tohatoha whānui pērā te ope, a ka meinga a reira te whakaraerae tino ki te hoariri patu kaha, me te nui.

He kupu ki te patu i

Mai te timatanga, ngā "Weiss" mahi he maha o mehua taunanawe hangaia ki te meinga fakaaoao i runga i te wahi o Poland. ka korerotia e Hitler ana tianara e ka hohoro kia hoatu he take pai mo te pakarutanga o whawhai, a ka waiho ranei reira plausible - e kore e mea faufaa te reira, no te mea kahore e nga toa whakawakia.

August 31, 1939 te rōpū o tutei German araunga rite activists Polish te whakaekenga a te pa o te teihana reo irirangi Gleiwitz, ka mau i te torutoru matā, ka mea te kuputuhi whakatö-i roto i te reo Polish ki Germany. Na ka koperea ratou i te iwi torutoru i kawea mai ki a ratou. I muri mai huri i te reira i roto i taua i kakahu ratou rite te kino Tiamana.

whakaekenga

I roto i te whakautu ki "fakaaoao" i runga i te wahi o Warsaw i te ata wawe o Mahuru 1 1939 , patua rererangi Tiamana e rave rahi whiu kuru ki te hanganga hōia i roto i Poland, muri piri i roto i te kaipuke whawhai, a rere ope whenua he ino nui puta noa i te rohe.

whakaaro mahi "Weiss" tīmata rā te rite te ra tuatahi o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ngā he whakangaromanga tere o te pūnaha rererangi katoa i roto i Poland, na tukua patua tuatahi i roto i rererangi te whenua o. Kua i te timatanga o whawhai mārama te kāwanatanga Polish te horihori o te whawhai, engari i reira he tumanako tonu ki te āwhina i te whakakotahitanga anti-Fascist, kia e te prodolazhalas korero.

akoranga o ngā kaupapa

Ahakoa te pehipehi o nga kau Nasí, i ātete e mura ope tāwhai. wherahia Events i roto i Poland i Mahuru 1939 ki te tere uira: i muri i te whakangaromanga o Air Warsaw, kia Hitler te hōia tomokanga tank. kihai i rite ki te pei i te whawhai i te tāwhai, tokoni rawa wāhi mania ki te haereraa i tere o nga kau Nasí ki te whenua.

Mahuru 3, i whakaatu Britain ko France whawhai i runga i Germany, a, i roto i te kawenata ki a Poland, i te whenua ki te wawao tonu i roto i te whawhai. ope hōia French, ara whiti te rohe, engari ka mawehe tata tonu. Na hoa ngaro whakakotahi antifascist anake te kau, i te ara i taea mutu ratou wawaotanga te mua o te kau Nasí.

Ko te whawhai nui rawa

whawhai Taitapa i Pomerania me Silesia mutu i roto i te mate oti, me te taui o te ope Polish. Mahere "Weiss" Kei te tino tika ai ia: i roto i nga ra e rima o te timatanga o whawhai ka nga Tiamana he ara noa ki Warsaw. whakaaetia whakaeke angitu SS ki a ratou faaite i runga i te torutoru mongamonga marara e i kahore hononga ki te pokapū, e kore te mahere o mahi te ope Polish.

tonu te whawhai tata ana Warsaw, whawhai hoki nga kaiwawao toa me, ahakoa te painga i nui o ope, i pupuri i te torutoru nga ra te korero. Otiia whakamahia te taha Tiamana he whakaeke kino i te rangi, i maturuturu iho neke atu i rima mano poma, i muri i tuku te whakapaipai.

hinga

Mahi "Weiss" Kua arahina ki te tiango oti o te ope Polish. Kua e Mahuru 17, he tokomaha o nga wae hōia Polish tukua i riro herehere ranei. Otiia tonu te whawhai tino nui noa Oketopa. hiahia tianara Polish ki te wahi i nga pa Tiamana, me te haere ki Romania, te wahi i whakaritea ai ki te whakarite i te pokapū o te resistance me te tatari mo te tokoni i hoa.

Hë te āhuatanga te whakataki o hōia Soviet, i whakaaro Stalin ara te kāwanatanga German hei hoa, haunga nga whenua e rua i hono nonaggression kawenata, kia e tomo te ope Soviet nga whenua Polish raro i te take o te whakatau i te āhuatanga i roto i te kore āhua. e kore kua whai wāhitanga Direct o te Soviet Union i roto i te pakanga Polish-German i mohiotia, tenei wa kua meinga te Kremlin ki te tango i te tūranga tatari.

E kore ko Ingarangi e kore France i roto i kore hohoro ki te whakauru ratou ropu, kia ki te hinga o Warsaw, me te iti i muri mai, me te tahi atu pa nui o te kāwanatanga motuhake o Poland mutu ki te tīariari. I roto i te marama e whai ake nei tonu reira he whawhai pakanga, a ka tonu etahi o nga hoia patua ki te whawhai kua i roto i te ope o te whakakotahi anti-Fascist.

Ko te tauhohenga o Ingarangi me France

I roto i te meka, rite te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao ka timata, a, nui ake, tonu ia, i reira te mea he wahi nui o te whakahenga o nga Hoa - Britain ko France. Ko te mahi Polish mō te nganatanga tuatahi o te Wehrmacht ki te hopu rohe i te tikanga hōia, na meatia Hitler i taea nga mea katoa ki te tiaki ia ratou i te whakatuwheratanga o te mua tuarua i roto i te take o te tomokanga ki te whenua Pākehā te whawhai.

Ki te haina nga kāwanatanga o Ingarangi me France te kawenata i runga i fakaaoao-kore, me te whiriwhiri hōia o Germany whakapono e ara i raro i te whanaketanga kino kihai i Chamberlain maia ki te wawao i teie nei. A pera tonu te meatanga: e kore whenua ona hoa i rite mo te ngā mahi Polish o Hitler me te torutoru nga ra roa te whakatau i runga i te whakapuakanga o te whawhai. Anake 3 Mahuru Britain mana tomo ki te pakanga ki fascism, a muri ia, ko France, Ahitereiria, te Union African me Canada. US ki te wāhi etahi noho kūpapa.

i te whakapuakanga o te whawhai Germany iti ki te mahi ki te hiahia tahatai ki te āwhina i te iwi Polish, a ko tino āwangawanga e pā ana ki te mana tipu o Hitler Britain ko France, a wehi i te wahi tuatahi mo te tapatahi o ratou whenua ake.

hua

Miriona o mate, rau o nga pa kua ururuatia, perekroennye rohe me ao o mana - kawea mai tenei katoa i ki reira te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. whakaeke o Tiamana i runga i Poland ko meka tata. Ki te taeraa mai o te timatanga kau Nasí o whawhai ko te mea anake o te wā. haere tino pai te wheako tuatahi o te pakanga wikitoria, tino whakawhānui te kāwanatanga Nasí ona rohe, Te Hononga-te pa o Lodz, Poznan, Pomeranian, Silesian, me tetahi wahi o te whenua Warsaw Kielce.

Kapo ratou mongamonga wikitoria i taka me ētahi atu whenua, ka hoki te Soviet Union ki Western Ukraine ko Peraruhia, Slovakia - i mua ka haere atu etahi wāhi Poland i raro i te rangimarie Versailles, a kite ana Lithuania Vilnius rohe.

Whakaekenga o Poland, e hāngai ana ki te whakangaromanga o te rangatiratanga o te kāwanatanga, wehenga o whenua me te whakaaetanga o tona pono rite he kaha nui, kua atu utua mō ngā take katoa. I muri i te wikitoria o Germany tamata kotahi ano ia ki te faataoto Ingarangi ko France, whakahere te rongo ratou, engari kore te whenua o te ki te whakautu ia faaotihia e, ka timata he pakanga pūnahanaha ki te tikanga Fascist.