Māngaro waetahi Ko te hononga?

Matū titore toru ngā momo o te warowaihā. Tenei māngaro, cellulose me te kūhuka. Māngaro Ko te māngai matua o te rōpū o te warowaihā tūturu. puta tōna kōtuitanga i roto i ngā tipu katoa, ko reira te puna matua o te pūngao mō te tinana tangata. He aha te mea he waetahi o te māngaro? Atu i runga i taua i raro.

Mara o te tono

Mai nga wa rawa tawhito, Kei te whānui whakamahia māngaro i roto i te mara hauora. I roto i te mahi hauora te whakamahia reira rite te kaihoko paninga hoki pāpaka ulcerative me ngā tukanga inflammatory mucosal whekau pērā i whēkau me te puku. matū tātari me te rongoā whakamahi māngaro rite he tohu matua mō te iodine. Ka whakamahia e Pharmaceutical Technology māngaro rite te filler, he kaihoko honohono. Ko te aha hononga ko te waetahi o māngaro, he reira ngā ki tokomaha. E hi'opoa tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Anake i roto i to tatou whenua māngai Research Centre ahumahi māngaro e te katoa-Russian Research Institute o māngaro. Kei roto i te rohe o Moscow, me tona mahi matua ko te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau hou mo te hanga o te māngaro i pata me rīwai, māngaro whakarerekē, tirikara kūhuka, huahuka tirikara, me te kai hauora, kahore pūmua. I tua atu ki ngā mahi rangahau, i te hoahoa taputapu motuhake whakamahia nei i roto i te ahumahi māngaro VNIIK. Ko te kupu, pā ngā mahi VNIIK te mara nui pūtaiao, i te rangahau ki te whanaketanga ahumahi.

Kei raro ko te titiro i te mea he waetahi o māngaro.

hanganga

Ki te whakaaro tatou te māngaro i roto i ngā o te pūtaiao, tohu te reira i te nui nui o te huka ohie, e kua huihui i roto i te mekameka. Ka taea e ēnei mekameka e rārangi branched ranei. Ia taua mekameka muingota matua - kūhuka, ara te taonga e whai te tūranga o te puna pūngao tuatahi i roto i te tinana.

Tetahi mekameka roa taua arā, o te kūhuka, kua he taonga whakatautau ki utaina a toutou takai. Ko te hua ko te hanganga o granules mōkitokito, e rite purapura o te paraoa. Ratau, paraoa, nui tohu he ranunga o te māngaro me te rerekē matū tahi. Ko, he waetahi o māngaro he kūhuka.

Ki te tangohia e koe te māngaro i roto i a tamata i te reira i roto i te ringa, me te horoitanga i waenganui i o koutou maihao, ka ka whakarongo koe i te creaking i rawe ki. hangaia he tangi taua te i roto i te matūriki māngaro komukumuku ki tahi i te tahi: to ratou he hanganga mārō, me ki puta taua whati pānga.

I roto i te tipu kaiao i hanga māngaro e te hononga raupapa o te maha rawaka o ngā rāpoi ngota kūhuka. I mua tenei puta te kōtuitui o te kūhuka i te hauhā me te wai waro. I muri i te katoa, ko reira he waetahi o te rāpoi ngota māngaro.

Ko te āhuatanga o te māngaro

I roto i te nuinga o ngā tipu te māngaro ko te rāhui pūngao pūhiko matua. Ko tenei he aha ona āhuatanga e taea te faataa e te meka e te rokiroki kaha o te māngaro e wahi i roto i te pakiaka, ngā kōpura me purapura. I runga i te hanganga o te witi o te witi witi ranei - neke atu i te hawhe o te māngaro.

Kia whakaaro tatou te hanganga matū me te hanganga o te māngaro. Māngaro, me ki glycogen me cellulose, ko tetahi o te māngai tino nui o te rōpū o polysaccharides.

polysaccharides

Polysaccharides - he matū e he waerau warowaihā, e ngā o te maha nui o ngā wae hukatahi. Ka taea e ratou tau rerekē i te maha tekau ki te maha mano. Ko, te pūhui nui-rāpoi (BMC), me te māngaro ko te waetahi kūhuka.

Ko te tātai whānui

Ka taea te tuhituhia pūhui Macromolecular o te tātai whānui rite:

(C ₆ H ₁₀ e _{5) n,} i reira e taea n i roto i tenei take kia ki runga ki rau me mano.

Waho mohiotia māngaro te ki katoa - te taonga o te tae ma, e ngā rahi witi iti o. he rewakore i roto i te wai matao, engari wairewa i roto i te wai wera māngaro. He he taonga huamo. Ko te rongoā hua he ōritetanga Kaore i muri i te meangiti whakawhitia i roto i te puranga gelatinous i huaina whakapiri.

Ko te hanganga o te māngaro , i reira e rua hautau: amylose me amylopectin. Ēnei hautau e rua e hanga e α-D-kūhuka. rerekē ratou i roto ia ratou e kore anake i roto i te hanganga o te mekameka iho, engari ano hoki te maha o ngā toenga kūhuka. E piri ēnei toenga hukatahi e piriti o te hāora. I roto i te hanganga o mekameka puta taunekeneke hydroxyl glycosidic o tetahi muingota me tetahi muingota he hydroxyl waipiro. A, no te tauhohe i te māngaro ki te otinga konutawa whakatika poke puru āhuatanga. Ko, he kounga i roto i te natura te tauhohenga. Poke riro ina he wera te otinga, me puta ka hauhautanga reira.

Na ko reira mārama he aha te pūhui ko te waetahi o māngaro.

Amylose - he hukarau ki te mekameka rārangi o matū, kua hangaia te reira o te maha mano o hexoses (toenga te kūhuka), e he tūhonohono pūāhua here α-glycoside. tātari X-ray tohu e te amylose rāpoi ngota he whakaritenga helical. Ko rite ia tahuri o te tōrino 6 waeine i takea mai i monosaccharides. I te toharite, kua pā ana ki 50 hohoko he helix.

I roto i taua hanganga spiralevoy he hongere diameter o e pā ana ki 0.5 nanometers. Roto te hongere e taea te tū atu rāpoi e te hunga e tika ana i roto i te rahi. tohu ana tēnei hoahoa i te complexes motuhake i huaina pūhui whakauru. Pūhui o amylose me konutawa, he tae puru, he tika tetahi o enei hanganga. He aha te mea he waetahi o māngaro, kitea e matou i mua.

Amylose me amylopectin

Amylose me amylopectin i rite te hanganga matū taua, ratou rerekētanga matua i waenganui i a ratou - te hanganga mokowā. rāpoi ngota Amylose hangaia threadlike, i.e. rārangi, engari kua he hanganga rārātini amylopectin rāpoi ngota.

I waenganui i te ngā kouru kei te āhua 20-25 hexoses. kia Kei macromolecule amylopectin Tapeke e pā ana ki 6000, neke atu rānei ngā waeine i takea mai i monosaccharides.

Tikanga, tito māngaro te o 10-20% o te wai here. Ki te te tere wera reira, ka whāwehe hydrolytic o macromolecules me mekameka iti o ngā rāpoi ngota e hanga e te reira rite ki te hua.

Māngaro Ko te matua puna o te warowaihā i roto i te kai tangata, i te mea he aha te mea i te uara nui i roto i te puka o te kai: taro, rīwai, pata. I roto i ngā rahinga nui, whakamahia māngaro i roto i te ahumahi, hei tauira, kua whakamahia te reira i roto i te whakarahinga kararehe o papanga (i roto i te tukanga türanga) pia pepa me te pepa hanga dextrin kāpia. I roto i te mara o te māngaro matū tātari whakamahia te rite te tohu i roto i te tikanga ine ero iodometric.

kitea e matou i roto i te mea i te taonga, ko te waetahi o māngaro.