Margarita Aliger pehe: biography, auaha

Margarita Aliger, tona haurongo he tūturu moni i pā o tona mahi - te rohi pehe Soviet rongonui, whakawhiwhia te Stalin paraihe o te tohu tuarua mo te maau "Zoe" he feat mata'u ore o te kotiro Soviet Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy.

tamarikitanga

He Māori o te pa o Odessa, Margarita Aliger, biography i matou i kite ai, i whanau i runga i Oketopa 7, 1915 ki te whānau Hurai o rangatira iti. Mama ko te housewife, tona papa - Ko te ahei o te tangata whānui erudite, i roto i te tikanga ki te whangai i tana whānau, e ngana ana ki te hanga i tetahi tikanga: hoatu haapiiraa, mahi ia i roto i te momo o te papamahi, iritihia. ko Rita tona tamaiti i aroha anake, me te nui. I ia 9 tau, haere atu tona papa.

ora Metropolitan

Mai kōhungahunga, ko te kotiro tino aroha o te pānui, hiahia mahi o Pushkin ko Nekrasov, a hanga nga whakamātau tuatahi ki te tuhituhi rārangi o whiti. Tona taranata tuhituhi, ka anga ia ki te whakaatu i roto i te tau kura: hoki hararei katoa me ngā kaupapa nui. I muri e whitu nga tau o te kura tonu ana akoranga i roto i te kura hangarau matū, mahi ia i roto i whakarara i te wheketere, me te rite ki te hono to ratou oraraa i te matū. I muri i nga tau e rua, ka mohio Margarita e pokapū ki a ia te ora he mōteatea, me te tuhinga. I 16 tau i mahue ia kura ka oho ki Moscow, te wahi i hanga e ia tona tuatahi toi. Oreraa whakamātautau ki te kāreti, ka mau ia atu te kokonga, haere ki te mahi, tuatahi rite te pukapuka OGIZ Institute, a muri i roto i te nūpepa wheketere. I roto i te 1933, ka timata ia ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i te "Ogonyok" makasini, he whakarongo tamau o ana akoranga tuhituhi: he pukapuka tuatahi rotarota "Rain" me "te ora rā".

Margarita Aliger: auaha

I roto i te 1934, ka Margaret he ākonga o te Institute o Literature ingoa i muri i Maxim Gorky, te wahi ka mau te whakangungu wahi tae noa ki 1937. timata tānga Active o rotarota me ahua tūmatanui i roto i 1935: i kite te ao taua kohikohinga rite "Tau o Fanauraa", "kōhatu, me te tarutaru", "Railway". Mai i 1934 ki te 1939, Margaret haere he rota, tae mai Leningrad, Karelia, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Peraruhia me Ukraine. Kua whai wāhi taua haerenga ki te whanautanga o ngā rotarota hou, i whakaputaina nei e ngā kaiwhakaputa hihiko. Hoki te mahi translation, te witi i te wa, ka i atu mo tau maha, ngā reira hoa matua Lugovskoy V. ko P. Antokolsky. whakamāoritanga Literary hanga taea reira Margarita mo te kaipānui Russian ki te kia maheni ki nga mahi o ngā kaituhi i whenua rerekē, me te wheako i te taketake me te individuality o ia o ratou.

te tohu tuatahi

Margarita Aliger Ko tetahi o kaitito wha (Simonov, E. Dolmatovsky, M. Matusovsky), tito te pukapuka irava ki te iwi hautoa o Spain i roto i te pakanga ā-iwi i roto i taua whenua, i ko te aro take o Stalin me tona aroha hoki mahi te rohipehe. Ka rite ki te nuinga o ana to'utangatá i te losifovna 30raa Aliger Margarita noho i roto i te mana o ngā pūrākau tīariari e pā ana ki te Soviet Union rite te kaiwhakarewa o te whakahoutanga o te ao, o te hapori o te Soviet Union rite te ataahua tino me te pai, e pā ana ki Stalin - rite te rangatira whakaaro nui, me te nui. piri Poet te Komsomol, me te mema o te Writers 'Union me mema o te poari ā-rohe o Krasnaya Presnya i 1938 ko Margaret. I roto i te 1939, ka whakawhiwhia te rohi pehe te tohu kāwanatanga tuatahi - te Order o te tohu o Whakahonoretia.

ora Family Margarity Aliger

I roto i te 1937 Margarita Aliger, tona haurongo āta hono ki rotarota me te tuhinga, hanga he whānau ki te kuao kaitito Konstantin Makarov-Rakitin. I te wāhanga tuatahi o te ora tahi waimarie te whānau tutuki i runga i te ora rauemi: e kore e he ora rato ara e rua ngā karahipi. I muri i te mamae, me te roa mate kotahi tau tamaiti tawhito mate i roto i te tokorua, pole te tane mo te mua, a ka patua i roto i nga ra tuatahi o te whawhai. I roto i te mahara o tana wahine, tona mate kei te haere rawa pakeke Margarita i roto, whakatapua ia te maau "Ki te matā i roto i toku ngakau, e ora ahau i roto i te ao" me "Music." whakahaere Constantine ki te tuhituhi rotarota i runga i tana wahine o waiata me nga wahi piana i te tokorua: te kanapa me te paohotia. Mai i tenei faaipoiporaa i roto i te ringa o Marguerite noho tamahine Tatiana, a muri ki te hono i tona ora ki te whiti. mate ia o te mate pukupuku toto i roto i te 1974. Ko te papa o te kotiro tuarua Masha ko Alexander Fadeev, i te wa i marena ki Angelina Stepanova - attrice o te Moscow Art Theatre, a tukua whakamomori i roto i 1956. oho te kotiro ra he tino ataahua, he hapu ki te rohi pehe Tiamana Hans Magnus Entsensergerom, i roto i tahi ia ia ki a Germany - te tamahine whakaotinga o kaiwhakaatu. kihai te ora Family i mahi, noho Maria i roto i London, i mahi i roto i te pukapuka tuhituhi, me ngā tuhinga, translations i Ingarihi, e mohio tino. Na ka pa whakarere, whakamomori mahi hoki katoa i roto i te 1991.

Margarita Aliger: Poems o te whawhai

Mai i 1938 ki te tau 1940 Margaritoy Aliger i whakaputaina e toru ngā pukapuka o ngā rotarota, whakaritea kaupapa hou, engari kua puta ke te reira i te whawhai, Te urunga mai, me te tonu i roto i nei ongo'i Marguerite ia pakeke, mahi ia i roto i ngā āhuatanga pakanga, te tirotiro o rua tamariki, me te ora - te taua rite nga oraraa o maha mirioni o nga wahine Soviet, metua vahine hoia ', pouaru me pani. Mai mahi te timatanga o te whawhai Aliger Margarita losifovna i roto i whakapaea Leningrad kaituhi hōia mo te niupepa "Falcons o Stalin" i runga i ētita taumahi e tonu haere ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te mua. Collections o ana whiti ( "I roto i te mahara o te toa", "Poems me Poems", "Lyrics") whakatapua Aliger ki te hunga e, e tu ana i te mua, me te ihupuku mate nga meneti ki te paruru i to ratou whenua; Ko reira te whakawhetai anake ki enei ngakau toa, ka taea e ia me milioni o tangata Soviet ora, mahi, me te whakapono i roto i te heke mai. I te 1942 ka tuhituhi ia te maau "Zoe," e te parau e pā ana ki te feat Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy. Hei waihanga tenei mahi rongonui o Margarita rauemi kaha kohikohi, tutaki ahau ki te iwi nei i mohio Zoe: whaea, ngā kaiako, hoa, nö o te tikanga o te kotiro pānui ona pukapuka mahi kura, ngā pukapuka tuhipoka, mahi e arahina ki te hiahia ki te tuhituhi e pā ana ki te itoito o te mau vahine Soviet ia. riro ïa no te mea o te ingoa o tenei hua Margarity Aliger rongo a meinga ana ia hei tohu o te whakatö-tāmau whenua. Hoki te pehepehe tikanga "Zoe" Margarita Aliger hainatia e Stalin i Maehe 21 , 1943 i whakawhiwhia te Stalin paraihe o te tohu tuarua. 2 wiki i muri mai, i runga i te 3 no eperera i roto i te niupepa whakaputaina he pukapuka i Marguerite, i roto i nei ui i te pehe ahau ki te hoatu i te moni whiwhi i roto i te nui o 50 000 moni mo nga hiahia o te Army Whero me te whakarei ake ona kaha patu. Heoi, e kore e whakahuatia tenei mahi ohaoha hea. Ko te angitu o te pehepehe "Zoe" faauruhia Margarita ki te waihanga i tētahi mahi whakaari ki te kaupapa kotahi. Heoi te tākaro-whakaari i hanga "Te Tale o te pono", i i te angitu nui i roto i te hunga whare tapere. I muri i te matenga o Stalin, i whakapuakina Margaret e fakaangá "kāre" pehe.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora te rohi pehe

I roto i te 1955, ua amui punake Margarita Aliger i te hanga o te "Literary Moscow" - te maramataka koero pera-ka karanga, ko te mema o te Uniana o Writers o te RSFSR me te USSR.

I te 60-70 tau, tonu te rohipehe tona mahi tuhituhi, kei te wā whakaputaina ona mahi, tae mai Margaret whenua maha, me te tuhituhi i te huringa o ngā rotarota pērā i "Tuhipoka Japanese", "e rua hui", "pouri Spain", "Mai i te Notebook French" "Italy ko toku wairua", "Poems i tawhiti," "Hoki ki Chile." I roto i te 70 th tau ka haere mai nga buka e rua tuatahi, i whakaputaina whiti me ngā whiti Margarity Aliger, i roto i te tau 1984 - te kohinga e toru-rōrahi o mahi.

Margarita Aliger, haurongo ko he mahu'inga'ia mo'oni 'i roto i te whakatupuranga o nāianei, e hiahia ana ki te pa ki te mua hōia, ka mate a August 1, 1992 i roto i te takiwā o tona pātū i roto i te ati: hinga ki te poka hohonu. tanumia rohi pehe i roto i te urupā i Peredelkino tata ratou tamahine.