Me pēhea te ki te hanga whare pūngao-pai?

He maha ngā take ki te mahi hanga o ratou ake kāinga mō hangarau pūngao tōtika. Ko te take matua, ko e i roto i te mahi o to koutou kāinga, ka marietia koutou utu iti. Ko te mea ano hoki nui e ka waiho atu ātaahua ki kaihoko te hoko o taua kōwhiringa, me te utu mo taua mea e taea te whakaturia nui teitei.

I roto i te hononga ki te whanaketanga hou i roto i te mākete pūngao ao e taea te utu i te mutunga e whai ake. Utu mo te puna matua o te pūngao, ara hinu, he rawa iu a ka haere tonu ki te tupu. Ki te titiro koe ki te mua, me te tātari i te utu o te hinu, he pono enei tauākī. Na whai koe ki te hopoia tiki atu, hei tauira, ki te whakamahere i te hanga o te pūngao whare tōtika me te hoko o te pūngao taputapu tōtika.

Ehara i painga rawa anake ko te painga o tenei ahua o nga whare. I roto i te meka, te whakaiti kohi pūngao, e pure tatou i to tatou huru o matū kino me poke hua i wahie parariraa. whakaaro te nuinga o te iwi e ko te takoha hokiate ki te purenga o to tatou paraneta tenei, a ki te whiwhi tonu te taupori mate pāwera, me te mate o nga kiriwaho me te puku. Heoi, kei te kore e pera, tika kia reira ka taea e te iwi te akakoromaki i tenei whiu.

He aha noho tatou pūngao i roto i to tatou mau utuafare?

Ki te tango koe i te whare tūmataiti noa, i reira e rave rahi "kai" o te pūngao:

• ngā taputapu hiko;
• marama;
• mahanahana;
• whakawera wai.

pau Mō 72% o te pūngao katoa i runga i para i to tatou mau utuafare. Ko tenei no te mea e kore mua i roto i to tatou whenua i whakaaro e pā ana ki te tiaki me te hanga whare, e kore tokanga ngā ki waiariki mātao. I roto i te Europe, e kore te mea rite fifi te āhuatanga, engari he rawakore hoki ratou record - 57%.

Tatou mahi ki te ariā o energostandartov

ka rongonui hanga Energy-pai i roto i te nineties. Ko te hiahia tuatahi i roto i tenei Germany, France, Sweden ko Switzerland. Kua timata tohunga Pākehā ki te hono i te mate pūngao i whare painga kiriweti, te āhua kōhikohiko o ngā whare me ngā hanganga ki te whanaunga wāhi rawakore ki te faariro i. He kotiti nga utu o te ako o enei mau paruparu, na te aha e kore whakaora? Ko reira ka e timata te wehenga o whare noho i runga i te momo:

• Energy-pai whare. Ko te hunga whakaaro ki te hei hanga, pau kaua e neke atu i te whitu tekau ōrau o nāianei i te pūngao pau e te whare tikanga. I tua atu, kei te whakamahia taua hanganga tipu whakahaere i ngā mātāpuna whakahou pūngao (Windmills, solar) me te mātao waiariki a tawhio noa rima henimita.
• Construction ki te kohi iti. Here, te ōwehenga o te kohi kāinga paerewa ko kore neke atu i wha tekau-rima ōrau, me te wehe o e pā ana ki e rua tekau henimita.
• whakaaro hanga whare hāngū te he kohi rawa iti - 30% whakaritea ki whare tikanga. Engineers whakatutuki i taua hua whakawhetai ki te kaupare mātao pai, te whakamahi tika o te wera - tūturu me e wairangi nei i pau i roto i ngā pūnaha ventilation. Tikanga, E rite rawa enei mau fare ki mātao waiariki i roto i te toru tekau henimita matotoru, whaiaro-roto puna o te hiko me te wera.
• e kore e Buildings pau pūngao. Ae, whakamahere koe ki te whakamahi i me e, ano, ka hoatu ano hoki ratou ki te whatunga hiko. Heoi, i te mea kei anake te whakamātau tenei. mātao Thermal i roto i teie mau fare - e wha tekau henimita.

Te tātai i te wera

Ki te tangohia e tatou ki pūkete e hemo te nuinga o te hiko kei runga i te wera, e energostandart mau fare tīpakohia i runga i te pūtake o te tauwehe E. tohu te reira i te tono wera kaupeka - whakaata te nui e hiahiatia ana mō te whakawera ia mita tapawha. Kia tātari tatou te mea whakatau te ōwehenga:

• mahi Thermal.
• momo ventilation.
• Ko te takotoranga o te whare ki te faariro i.
• Ko te maha o te wera kāinga.

Hoki utu te tuhituhi ko te ōwehenga tonu o o te kohi wera kaupeka E0. Ka whakarite hoki te nui e hiahiatia ana o te wera mō te whakawera mita pūtoru, engari ki runga ki te huru e hanga te hanganga i roto i te hanganga ture ki te ture, me ngā ture katoa. tatau E0 te rite te ōwehenga o te taiepa waho ki te rōrahi wera.

Kia pehea te whare pūngao-pai pai?

pai ake Technology, a ki te titiro tatou ki te heke mai, ka taea e tatou te mea e te hanga o nga whare - te reira economical. Na haumi tohaina mo te hanganga o ngā whare hāngū, 20 ōrau neke atu i te utu o te hanganga o te whare paerewa. I muri i te tau torutoru, heke te rerekētanga e 10 ōrau. A taea te whakaurua mai e ia te wheako o kaimahi hanganga ke. whare Energy-pai - he kōwhiringa pai mō te haumi. E whakau tenei, whakaaro te tauira e whai ake nei. Ka rite ki te tauira, te tango i te rohe mua faafaaearaa kāinga o 150 tapawhā, he taupori o tetahi utuafare. Ka rite ki te tautuhinga i roto i tenei whare wera whiriwhiri hau kōhua. Na ka waiho te utu o te mahi whare e whai ake:

• whakawera - 144 Kw / m ^2;
• wai whakawera - 30 Kw / m ^2;
• take kāinga (taputapu, te tunu kai, te marama) - 26 Kw / m ^2.

I roto i tenei take, huri i te reira i roto i taua mo te tau e pau tenei whare 30,000 kWh. Ki te utu o te whare paerewa ki te tango i te whare rakau pūngao-pai, te pikitia, ko te rite whai:

• whakawera - 44 Kw / m ^2;
• wai whakawera - 30 Kw / m ^2;
• take kāinga (taputapu, te tunu kai, te marama) - 26 Kw / m ^2.

whare iti-pūngao ka pau mo te tau o te 15 000 Kw. Tapeke, ka taea e koe te whakaora i runga i te mahi e pā ana ki te 50% o te mau fare. mōhiohio Tino fakalototo'a.

matapihi rohe

Na, i roto i te whare hou i hangaia e taea maha kitea nui facades karaihe. Heoi, e kore e Windows tukua mo te hanganga o te tiaki waiariki, tiaki waiariki o te whakapaipai tata ki te taiepa. I te tahi atu te ringa, i te hi'oraa o te māramatanga wāhi me te nui matapihi whakaiti kohi pūngao mō te rama tāwhaiwhai. E tatou ki te titiro mo te whenua waenganui. A, no te hoahoa i te tino arotau tino e whakaaro ai ki te hei i te ōwehenga o 6: 1, te wahi 6 - he wāhi witi, me te 1 - pouaka. Hei tauira, whakaaro he kāinga pūngao-pai, me te ruma o 36 mita pūrua. Na ka te rohe glazing tino arotau kia e pā ana ki 6 mita pūrua.

Hoahoa o kāinga pūngao-pai. kaupapa putumōhio

whakaatu tatauranga e i roto i te uru, i hanga e pā ana ki 80% o kāinga tūmataiti i runga i te kaupapa oti. He reira taea ki te hanga i runga i te pūtake o enei kōwhiringa, whare pūngao-pai? E kitea Kaupapa i roto i ngā tau nui i roto i te whaiaronga motuhake, me tetahi o te momo o ngā kōwhiringa ki te whiriwhiri?

He mahi tino nui - ki te whakaiti kohi pūngao ki te iti. Ka rite ki tuhia i runga ake, pau hea te raiona o o reira i runga i whakawera wāhi i roto i te hotoke. Heoi, kia mohio ki taua mea e na roto i te whakanui ake i te papanga o mātao, e kore e te whare kia pūngao tōtika. Here kia whānui te huarahi. He mea nui ki te tango i nga piriti katoa o rangi matao, me te whakarato ventilation aunoa.

utu matou whakarongo ki nga taiepa, me te tuanui

I mua ki te rironga o te kaupapa kua reira ki te kia āta te uiui mō te tautukunga ki mātao tonu. Energy-pai whare - te reira hanga, i te mea tino nui mo te take o te tightness. Nā ki tenei āhuatanga o te rangi matao e kore e tomo te ruma. Hiri ki hei mea katoa i nga tatau, me te oti i te tuanui. Kua paninga nga taiepa o enei whare ki te apa rua, ka mahi i te tuanui i te mātao waiariki, me te arai kohu. Ko te hononga me pu e katia rīpene piripiri motuhake.

tātaitanga o te pai pūngao

Ka rite ki tuhia i runga ake, whakaaro te whare pūngao-pai te ki e kai kaua e neke atu i te whitu tekau ōrau o te pūngao hiko i te nui e pau i te whare noa. A feruri i te E whakarea me tona uara:

• Hoki te take kāinga toharite. Ko iti iho i te rite ki te 110 Kw / m ² ranei ^E.
• Hoki pūngao-pai mau fare whakarea. Ko iti iho i te rite ki te 70 Kw / m ² ranei ^E.
• Hoki te whare hāngū whakarea. he iti iho i rite ki te 15 Kw / m ² ranei ^E.

Ki te hauauru kei te whakaaro te reira i te tikanga atu hou o te tātai i te tōtika pūngao o whare i koefffitsientu Ep. tohu te reira i te nui o te pūngao e hiahiatia ana mo te whakawera, ventilation, whakawera wai, rama, me te rangi conditioning. A feruri i te whakarōpū o whare, i runga i te Ere rānei:

• Hoki whare hāngū whakarea. Ko iti iho i te rite ki te 0.25 ranei Ep.
• Hoki waihanga economical he reira iti iho i te rite ki te 0.5 ranei.
• Hoki pūngao-tiaki whare whakarea. Ko iti iho i te rite ki te 0.75 ranei Ep.
• Ko reira iti atu rite ranei ki 1 mō whare tikanga.
• Hoki whare hāngū whakarea. Ko iti iho i te rite ki te 0.25 ranei Ep.
• Hoki te whare tino pūngao-kaha Ep he nui ake i te 1.5.

ventilation Pātai me whakawera

Kua kua korero matou e pā ana ki te meka e kia rite rawa te kāinga pūngao-pai ki ventilation aunoa i te wera te whakaputa mahi. Na reira, te kōwhiri i te kaupapa, e hiahia ana koe ki te kia e whakarato ana te whare taua ventilation. He nui tenei no te mea e kore e ventilation tikanga mahi hei kāinga piri. Hoki utu te tuhituhi ko e mahi te ventilation tō pai i pāmahana paku i runga te kore, na i roto i te raumati ko reira tata maumau.

I roto i te hiri pūngao mau utuafare pai whakaatu pai ano mīhini ventilation, e ka riro te wera i te rangi whakapau. Taua ventilation taea ki te whakahaere i te whare i waho te pūnaha whakawera wai mua, e ka hua i roto i penapena i runga i radiators, putorino, me tāuta whakawera. Na kia tupato, ka kōwhiri i te whakaaro whare pūngao-pai kia ngā tenei momo o te ventilation.

Ētahi whaktauiratia o hanga

Kia titiro tatou ki nga whaktauiratia o te hanganga o taua whare. Ki te whakamahere koe ki te hanga whare pūngao-pai ki ona ringa ake, he mea e tika ana ki te mohio te maha tangohia o iwi e e ora i reira. I muri i te katoa, te iwi hanga ratou wera kāinga - ka horoi, te tunu kai, te whakamahi o taputapu hiko. Huri i te reira i roto i taua he nui rawa e kore e e whakaaro pūngao-pai, e whakaratohia ana e ka i te iwi torutoru kia noho i roto i a ratou i te whare. kia hoki āta hamani e koe te rere whai hua o nāianei, te kōwhiri i taputapu pūngao-pai, me te taputapu. Ka riro te reira whai hua ki te pīkau i te whare tata whenua rite ki te ngā faariro i me te tikanga huarere i roto i to koutou rohe.

mutunga

Hoahoa me te hanga o te pūngao whare tōtika i roto i te heke mai ka waiho tata anake te au i roto i te ahumahi hanga. Na e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki taua tika i teie nei.