Mig-29: Whakatakotoranga. Mig-29: rākau o te riri, tere, whakaahua

Ko te taea o te ahumahi o te USSR korero toutou haafaufaa ore te hoariri, kia rite ki te pūmanawa, me te rawa tūturu. Kua riro te tokomaha o ngā tauira o ringa Soviet mo te hītori o te whenua te paerewa mō kaihoahoa tino whakawhanakehia industrially States. Etahi o ratou ara ka he tohu o te ope patu o te USSR me te Russia hou. Kua riro mīhini kororia Shpagin ko Kalashnikov, T-34 me T-54 "Katyusha" me ētahi atu hua whakamate Russian tawhiti tua atu i te ono o te whenua. Aro rererangi tono hoki mig ki motu patu waiata.

Ko te hītori o te mig Hoahoa Bureau

tīmata Hoahoa Bureau ki te mahi i te aroaro o te Pakanga II o te Ao. Engineers A. I. Mikoyanu (teina o Commissar o Stalin) ko M. I. Gurevichu i 1940, whakahaere ki te hanga i tētahi toa nui, tetahi o nga āhuatanga o te pai i roto i te ao. I ia te maha o hē, engari i te wa o te whakamātautau tango-atu tuatahi i taea e tenei mīhini tere Kōmāmā ki takiwa kiko whakataetae ki tetahi rererangi i roto i Germany, te UK ranei te US.

Kua rapu nga wa katoa KB kore anake ki te whai i te ahumahi rererangi ngā ao, engari ano hoki te whai wāhi ki te ui ratou. Ko te toa production jet tuatahi i roto i te USSR, nga mig-9, ko te whakautu ki te whakatinanatanga angitu o te Air Force Western rererangi i roto i tona piha haapiiraa.

era urupare

ohorere kino hoki nga kaiurungi American ko nga mig-15 i roto i te tere, me te huri mai ngā āhuatanga pai ki te hanga vaunted Notelopi me ētahi atu kaihanga i te US, ko wai i whakapono ana tikanga ōrite. I roto i te rangi i te whawhai i roto i Whitināmu whakamatauria ki te hei Interceptor pai mig-17 me mig-21. He ko atu tauira o rererangi, mig-19 me mig-23. I roto i te whawhai a Iharaira ki Ihipa ohipa taimaha mig-25 kua toutou takahi te aho mua, hanga marau i runga i Terapipi. A ahakoa kihai i whai i te reira i tetahi patu, te meka e te rererangi Soviet rere ki te utu'a i runga i te whenua, rite rawa ki te hou pūnaha US rangi korero, whakatotoka many arero. He maha o pakanga rohe, i roto i nei whakakitea te mig rererangi hōia Soviet iho i ona pai, kua meinga hei ahua o pānui te waitohu, he kī taurangi o te kounga me te tōtika teitei o te taputapu Soviet hōia. Ko te tumutumú o nga tautooraa o kaihoahoa ko nga mig-29. āhuatanga Hangarau o te toa, me te i ēnei rā, 37 nga tau i muri i te mutunga o te mahi hoahoa nui te whakatau tino whakaritenga hou mō ngā waka whawhai i roto i tona piha haapiiraa.

taumahi kāwanatanga nui

I roto i te mutunga o nga Heoi - wawe mau hitu ahuru, te matua "workhorse" o te US Air Force me te maha o whenua - hoariri pea o te USSR - ko te rongonui F-4, "Phantom" o akatuke'anga rerekē o te kamupene McDonnell Douglas. Ko te hoahoa o tenei rererangi kua tino angitu, i taea te whakatau i te reira i runga i te āhua ao o te raruraru - i whakahaere whawhai rangi nukarau ki poma me te pere patua i runga i ngā taumata whenua. Ko te wheako o Vietnam me te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti whakakitea e ki te mig-21 Soviet me tae noa mua mig-17 ki te whawhai pakeke ia. kihai i te ōwehenga mate i roto i manakohia o te Ameliká. I roto i te United States i timata te mahi i runga i te hanga i te whakakapinga "Phantom", i hua i roto i te toa rererangi F-14 "Tomcat" me te F-15 "Eagle". hiahiatia wawe Soviet Air Force ao hou i roto i te tirohanga o ngā kaupapa wā roa-kaiwhakanao rererangi tāwāhi ki ratou "ngeru" me "ekara". KB mig, whakaturia te kāwanatanga Soviet te ūnga. Na roto i te hinga o 1977 ko ahau mateuteu Interceptor hou mig-29. ka mau tauira tango-atu wahi i runga i te 6 o Oketopa. I muri rima tau, kua tangohia rererangi te Air Forces o te USSR.

He iti e pā ana ki ahua

I roto i aua tau, i ara te ahua o te momo hou o te patu i te mea ngaro kāwanatanga. Ko e mo'oni, he maha rongoā hangarau pāhoro, tae atu te ariā, ka he āhuatanga motuhake o te mig-29. Photo pohehe whakaputaina i roto i te press, he record whakaaturanga rere ranei, faaite i te pouaka whakaata, i taea e kawe tohunga puni kino i roto i nga whakaaro o te raina matua o te ahumahi rererangi heke mai. E ai ki te whakaaro o te Designer Tumuaki tautoko M. Waldenberg angitu General Artem Mikoyan R. Belyakov, kua te rererangi i te tahora taiawhio integrated pera-ka karanga. Tenei te tikanga e i te whakaaro whakaaetia ao rererangi wehenga i runga i te waka rererangi me te takere i roto i te KB haere atu. ngā te Airframe katoa o whakawhitinga maeneene, sagging, ki "puāwaitanga" taiepa taha anake i te kopere.

Measures ki te ū ki te muna kihai i tūpato nui. Tutei i runga i ngā o te tahi atu iwi, me ngaio taea e hangaia mig rererangi. Photo horomanga taūpe tuku ki "Phantom", hanga i roto i te kotahi o nga whakaaturanga rangi, ka hoatu e i roto i tona wa ki ngā mōhiohio tino taonga ki to tatou Engineers. I tono te huihui rite ki mig-23.

Te tipu te mana, me te ahua o te "pere"

engines rererangi i rua (RD RD-PO-ZZK ranei mo te whakarerekē "M"), kua tū ratou i raro i te parirau. Ka taea e ratou aki katoa tae i 16.600 ki 17.600 KN (kgf). Ki te tangohia e tatou ki pūkete e te taimaha o te mīhini neke atu i te 15 toni tango-atu, e mea ohie ki te faaoti i nui te uara o te kōwae tohu ōwehenga aki-taimaha. tikanga o tēnei i roto i te tahuri e ki te mig-29 whakaturia poutū me te whakahoki iho i rängai hau i roto i te tūranga tata ki te rohe, ka whakairi ai i roto i te wahi ranei ara ake i runga i waho te hiki o te parirau. Tēnei āhuatanga hangarau ka taea ki a koe whakaatu kore anake nga aerobatics motuhake i runga i whakaaturanga, engari ano hoki he mahu'inga mahi nui. whakahaere locators i runga i te parau tumu Doppler me taea anake te aroturuki i ahanoa neke. I te wa o te whakatinanatanga o te "pere" me "Cobra" (ara te pera-ka karanga aerobatics i roto i te mahia o e reira ko he "takamuri") tere o te waka rererangi mig-29 he rite ki te kore, me te mana katoa me te arata'iraa o ngā pūnaha korero rangi hoariri kore e kite i te reira i runga i to ratou mata .

"Pihapiha" mig-29

I roto i te waka rererangi hanga, i reira e te tahi atu rongoā e whakaatu huarahi hou ki te whakaoti rapanga te pēhi. titau pūnaha toko mano te rota o te rangi, a ka kua ngote ai ki te horomanga tangohanga i roto i ngā rahinga nui. Ki te hipoki te runway te ki te hukarere, ki runga reira i reira he onepu (e i roto i te tahi mau kore rohe i te varavara) atu täoke ranei, reira katoa taka ki te mīhini huri hiko. He maha ngā huarahi ki te mahi ki tenei whiu. Hei tauira, ka taea ki te tāuta i ngā tātari rangi i roto i te motokā. Ko ahu ano ratou ki te kia tanumia. Ranei tetahi otinga: ki te waiho kainga rangi teitei. Ko tenei impairs nga āhuatanga aerodynamic o te Airframe. I roto i te take o te mig-29 kaihoahoa kua tangohia he otinga rerekē, me te ahurei. Air horomanga noa te retraction o te taputapu taunga i roto i kokorutanga rangi atu i roto i te fairing runga honotanga te parirau ki te takere. Ratou rarangi e rua, e tū ratou symmetrically i te taha ki matau, me te maui. i huaina ratou "pihapiha". A, no te e āraia te wakarererangi, me te taunga o nga kainga rangi matua rawa, a muri anake i te huinga o rawaka teitei mahi haumaru whakatuwhera ratou.

Avionics

Ehara i anake engines kaha me motupaika pai ko mig-29 rongonui. Whakatakotoranga, ahakoa he aha ratou rasprekrasno, i roto i te whawhai rangi hou e kore e kī wikitoria, ki te kore e hangaia te pairati tikanga hāneanea me te tautoko ngā mōhiohio, homai koe he whakatau tonu. Tonu, te wha o nga whakatupuranga ki te tahi mea oblige, rawa rite ki te whanaketanga hou o te hikohiko, i tukinotia tonu matou hoariri pea kua ki aro nui. Ko te take i te pūtake o te rorohiko utu-poari (tenei TS100.02-06) Information me Rorohiko Center kahore he, maere. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i te whenua (a pea i roto i te ao) e whakamahia ana te maha nga whakaaro atu ki te whakahaere i te mahi o te kaiurungi. I roto i ngā, "Natasha" (rite kaiurungi tapaina a reo pūnaha tohu, i roto i te meka, tenei "taimana-UP"), he reo wahine ahuareka parau koutou i whakamana i te huarahi i runga i te kore o te teitei tere ranei, whakamōhio e pā ana ki te hoariri, e kua tae mai ki te hiku, ranei te tahi atu ati, hapa ohorere ranei.

Ko te tino watea mana Arms. matapae i te mōhiohio kei runga i te arai teihana motokā glazing me i te pūnaha ūnga ti'araa pane eke. Titiro i te manureva, ka mau ahau ki te whakatau ki te whawhai ki, panaia te kaingārahu, pātene - a taea tatou amo e he kore ake te hoariri. He pera ano te titiro whakamate i to tatou kaiurungi. A ki te raruraru, ka ngaro te takotoranga mokowā, te reira pai, pāwhiritia tetahi pātene me te waka rererangi mara te ake, ka mahi ki te whakapai, me i te pukapuka.

pūnaha whakahaere Hiko

I roto i te hou Avionics rererangi wehenga hōia, me te pūnaha mana patu ko te tino uaua. Te kore te kitenga tairongo o te ūnga ki te papamuri o te hihiani mata o te whenua ki te riro i teie mahana he tata e taea, engari mahi tenei pūrere he mahi navigation. Mig-29 rite rawa ki te momo hihiani HO-93 ahei tahi tekau ngā whāinga wā kotahi. Ko reira wahi o te kitenga, me te whakaterenga matatini OEPRNK-29, e taea te mahi i whakamahere tere, hātepe Tātaitia patua i runga i manuao, me te whenua ngā whāinga o te hoariri. I roto i tona hanganga reira me te pūnaha kitenga optronic OEPS-29, ka te tono ai ki te whanaketanga o te whakatutukitanga hou o te ahupūngao aronui. kitea ana te whāinga kei te ka tāutuhia i te tawhiti o te 35 km (mo Dogons) ki 75 km (i roto i te wāhi free). I roto i te whānui, i te pūnaha mana matatini, engari ahakoa tenei, ko reira watea ki te whakamahi.

Te wana?

Ko te wheako o te Pakanga Whitināmu whakakitea e ki ki etahi missiles dogfight, rawa maneuverable, he reira uaua. Hau pū "Phantom", i takoha nga Ameliká ki whakaaroa he ipu whakatārewatia motuhake ki te pū me te paura. Mig-patu tere-29 (1500 rauna ia meneti) GSh-301 kararehe wai-matao o he rau anga (30 mm ërä).

e ono pylons waho eke ki raro i te parirau e hangaia mō missiles. Tei runga i te mahi, e taea te tāuta ratou SD (R-73 R-60M ranei). Hoki te whawhai ngā taumata whenua te tono SD momo X-25M. Te tuku i enei tikanga e kawea ai i roto i rānei i te tohu pouaka whakaata i te kurupae taiaho ranei. Te whāinga unguided (När i makasini, poma) whakaputaina e hihiani. ūnga Marine SD pānga X-29 missiles anti-kaipuke, ranei momo paorangi X-31A, hei maunga i te mig-29. Rākau o te riri tauira matatau o tākirirangi hanga ki te hoahoa o wae whakatārewatanga.

poma Tapeke me tākirirangi iti kawenga whawhai mōrahi o 3 taranata (tauira turanga) me 4, 5 toni (mig-29M).

TTX Mig-29

rahi rererangi me te taimaha o paku iti ritenga American nāianei, e ngā te F-14 me F-15. Swipe parirau Interceptor Soviet paku neke atu i 11 mita (pērā i te "Tomcat" i he ola mōrahi, me te "ngira" - 13 m). Roa ko te 17 mita me te tamaa pou-rere (19 ki ia o te "Ameliká). Mig-29, e ata whakaaro e pā ana ki 15 taranata, he māmā ake rererangi e rua - hoariri pea (āhua waru toni ia). Hononga rua kapohau nui e o waka Amerika, me te tae 17.600 KN (14,500 y "Tomcat" me te iti ake atu i te 13 mano. Ko te "ngira").

Ko te wāhi āhua iti o te parirau (38 sq. M.) taea mōhio he kawenga motuhake tiketike, engari kua wāhikē reira e te kaha nui o te Airframe tika ki nga peculiarities o te fokotu'utu'u wāhi. Mig-tere tae 29 2.3M (2450 km / h), he ahua i raro i 2300 km / h y rahoraho ahua mig-29K. No te whakarite: F-14, e taea ki te whakawhanake i tētahi 1.88 M (1995 km / h) ko F-15 - 2 650 km / h. Ko tētahi atu tohu nui - te roa o te ara i roto i te manureva, me te taunga. Ki te tango atu te mig, he reira roa runway rawaka o 700 mita, me ki afterburner -. Anake 260 m noho ia i runga i te turanga 600 mita te roa. taea tenei ki a koutou te whakamahi i te reira rite te rererangi e hāngai ana kawe-(ki te pūnaha braking taura), ranei mahi i roto i te airfields painga rite (ranei ara wāhanga o te huarahi, rite te meatanga i roto i te pakanga Yugoslav). Mō te taua āhuatanga razbezhno-Probizhna i rua waka American. Te āhei ki te whakamahi i rite te toa turanga kawe rererangi ki mārohirohi, ka whakaratohia, hanga papatohu parirau foldable. Mig-29 tere tauranga ko 235 km / h, e tohu ana hoki ki ona "wairua moana." palubniki American i te taua i te wā kotahi.

Practical tuanui mig tae 17,000 mita me noho a te tūranga takawaenga i waenganui i te F-14, me F-15.

Pine mau huru whawhai o Soviet mig-29, nga āhuatanga hangarau me tona ngāwari taea ki a tatou te whakapuaki e nui te rererangi analogues ke katoa, whakawhanakehia i te wa ano e rite ana ia. Te āhei ki te ngaro i ngā mata hihiani i te waenganui o te whawhai rangi homai tenei motokā ahurei. Auahatanga tono ki te pūnaha mana, kawea mai te ahumahi rererangi kāinga ki te taumata qualitatively hou. He mea nui hoki kia te mig-29 he pūmanawa whānui mō te whakarerekē. Ko tōna momo ūnga takotoranga rerekē, ngā rere rerekē, me te whakaaro mahi rerekē onboard taputapu hiko, i te whakangungu toa rauhanga ki "tēpu e rere", whakaputaina i runga i rua tatini. E rua o ratou (nga mig-33 me mig-35) e wehea ki motuhake aho tauira CB ratou. Mikoyan ko Gurevich.

Ki te mau tapa'o rerekē i runga i te parirau

I muri i te parariraa o te kaipuke hōia USSR o te kāwanatanga kotahi i wehea i waenganui i nga lepupilika Soviet mua. Ite mau fifi pūtea, he tokomaha o ratou i tīmata ki te hoko i to ratou taputapu e hiahiatia. Hei tauira, ngaro Moldova ki te United States e rua tekau tau o mig-29 whakamahia. Ko te utu o ia rererangi ko $ 2 miriona, i te mea he maha nga wa i raro i te utu mākete. Ameliká tenei Interceptor ko he hiahia hoki whakawhanake tātai ki te ārai kī te BBC e he reira i roto i te taviniraa. MiGs i hokona i roto i te rohe pakanga i roto i Africa, Asia, me ētahi atu wāhanga o te ao.

whenua Air-mema o te Warsaw Pact hoki patu ki mig-29. Tata ki te katoa o ratou i haere mai i te tukunga o te "hoa" o Russia i te mata o NATO. kaiurungi Luftwaffe Tiamana tikanga te nuinga ki te hangarau American, i maite miharo e te whakamarie, me te mana hāneanea - 'ulungaanga āhuatanga o mig-29 Photo toa Soviet ki ripekatia Maltese (tāututanga tohu German Air Force), tuatahi whakaohokia whakapororarutia ana te uninitiated, ka whakamahia tenei katoa ki.

Ko te rererangi i roto i te mahi ki neke atu i te rua tekau-rima whenua, a huri i ratou i te reira e kore e haere i te mea katoa ki.

A, no te kōwhiri i te kaiwhakarato o ngā hua korero kāwanatanga ke e arahina whawhai te nuinga 'ulungaanga me whakaaro tōrangapū. Otiia e kore e iti rawa nui ko te āhuatanga pūtea o te hoko. Mig-29, e utu e pā ana ki 70-75 miriona tara ia wae, e taea te whakaoti ngā mahi hōia motuhake tino pai atu i tona tāwhai atalanitikí F-15, mo e "ui" ki rau o mirioni. I roto i to tatou wa o te raruraru taua rerekētanga mārama nui ki te ringa o Russian "Oboroneksportu".

wheako whawhai mig

Ka rite ki te roa rite te whakataetae, "ngā o te tautoko» ( «kaurori», te na reira-ka karanga NATO mig-29) me te American "Eagles» F-15 i o te āhua ariā, ko reira taea ki te tautohe e etahi o nga rererangi pai. Ko te tukinga tūturu nui tuatahi i waenganui i rua mīhini tāwhai ka mau wahi i roto i te rangi i runga i te Persian Gulf (1991, "koraha Storm" mahi). Ki te puipuitua o te angitu whānui, e tika ana ki te faaineineraa tupato, kihai i taea e ki te riro whakapumautia wikitoria i te iti rawa tetahi i runga i mig Iraqi te painga o te mōhiohio me te pūmanawa tātari me te painga i ine, pēnei i ruarua i marama e te meka e i roto i te whawhai i roto i te Gulf o Allied rererangi me te 29. āhuatanga Hangarau o te kaiurungi Interceptor hanga Hussein te tikanga mo whakaora irirangi, take tuhia o te whakangaromanga o te Ingarangi "Āwhā" i roto i te raki-uru o Iraq (rite ki ngā pūrongo kua kore e kore ko ia anake te kotahi).

13 mig-29 Yugoslav (i reira i 15 patu SFRY, engari e rua ki te timatanga o te fakaaoao whakamatauria ki te kia kāore mō haerenga) i turia maha nga wa ki runga ake i nga ope NATO. I roto i te tahi mau ara ngaro kawea nga kaiurungi American (rite ki a ratou) ki raro o ratou 24. I roto i te vairaa mau, e kore i pera reira ki bravura, rite te pūrongo o kaiurungi NATO. tupitahia wha wae i i te rererangi, ngaro tetahi Interceptor i roto i te ati. Ko te toe e ono i mau koperea iho e NATO, te whakahaere haumi, Heoi, kei te mahi ona rawa ki te understate ratou ake parekura. Hei arotake i te tau, me te rahi o MiGs kaiaka e uaua tēnei wā.

He ko atu take o te whawhai mahi o rererangi mig-29, whakawhetai taupetupetu. I roto i tetahi take, ka taea te whakawakia te angitu o te hoahoa o te whawhai waka anake i runga i nga take o te aroraa "parakore" ki te iti rawa āhua kaiurungi rite tohu. i taua wāhanga torutoru i roto i te aamu tata, a mea ratou katoa e te mig-29 he te ora roa i mua.