Mōhiohio General me whakarōpū o nihowhiti

Tata tetahi tikanga i roto i te hangarau hou te wahi katoa ranei tito o ngā momo rerekē o tuku. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, kei te whakamahia te whakaaro nekehanga tuku huānga rite niho kaupapa kinematic. Tenei tuhinga ka kia kua kaha rawa arotakengia te whakarōpū o nihowhiti. Ratou rongo me ngā āhuatanga, ka kōrero tatou.

whakamāramatanga

Ko te kupu, i te wāhi hangarau o tirohanga ko te huarahi taputapu e te kaimahi ki te tuku hurihanga i tetahi take ki tetahi, a ka ki te huri i te tere mā huapae me wira.

nihowhiti Whakarōpū kī e taputapu kei i runga i te take whakawhiti i te hurihanga, ka karanga te ope, me te hurihanga kaiwhiwhi - peia. Ano, ko te huānga e he rua o ngā iti, ka karanga te taputapu, me te meka e nui - wira.

Scope

Nihowhiti, whakarōpū, tawhā taketake me ngā āhuatanga o e ka e whakaahuatia i raro nei, kei te āhua reira whakaaro te wāhanga tino noa i roto i te engineering mīhini, me te tahi atu ahumahi. Tenei tono tiketike e tika ana ki te taea o te tuku mā ngā mana i te torutoru whakatekau ki te torutoru o nga mano tekau o watt. Ko te kupu kia ake ki te 150 m / s te tere circumferential o hurihanga, me te ōwehenga mai i rau ki mano. Ko te diameter o nga wira ia ratou ko waenganui i te mitamano pānui (i ētahi wā ratou wahi noa) ki ono mita neke atu rānei.

pārōnaki

Ti'araa me whakarōpū o gearing whakarato mo ratou wehenga i runga i te whenua e whai ake nei:

1. Mai i te tūnga o te kakau wira i roto i te wāhi:

• ki toki whakarara (porotakaroa te tuku);
• ki rīpeka toki (nihowhiti Heretua);
• ki toki whiti (me te kutukutu takahuri tuku).

2. E ai ki te momo o te huringa whanaunga o nga wira, me te tūranga o niho:

• ki taputapu waho (wira huri i roto i ngā tohutohu ritenga whanaunga ki tahi e te tahi);
• he taputapu ä-(huringa o wira e rua ko te kotahi ara).

3. Ko te āhua o te kōtaha:

• niho involute;
• cycloid;
• ki Novikov gearing.

4. Mai i te tūnga o te raina niho ariā:

• Whakaohokia wira;
• helical;
• kaokao;
• Tieki (ki niho porowhita).

E tano ia tapao e nepryamozubye tuku i te whakapati nui o ratou mahi, he ratou nui iti kākahu me te haruru whakaritea ki whakaohokia nihowhiti.

5. I roto i ngā o te tere circumferential:

• tuku iti-tere (iti iho i te 3 m / s);
• tere reo (3 m / s ki te 15 m / s);
• nui-tere (i runga i 15 m / s).

Hurihurihanga i te tono

Whakarōpū o nihowhiti i roto i ngā mahi whakarato hoki ratou wehenga ki:

• Kinematic (pānui) tuku. E whakamahia ratou i roto i te momo o ngā pūrere, huarahi countable-whakaoti. Ko te whakaritenga matua mō te taua whakawhiti - tautukunga ki te tika kinematic rawa, e ko, me te mea he arotau mārama o te koki hurihanga rite te ariki me te wira pononga.
• tuku High-tere whakamahia i roto i gearboxes turbomachinery tuku pouaka motokā. Whakaritenga: te whakapati mōrahi ka taea o te mahi.
• tuku Power i roto i te warou whakahaeretia me ngā tikanga awhiowhio. mahi ratou i kīia e iti, engari i te wa ano kawe te tōpana faahiahia. Ko te whakaritenga matua ki nga tuku o tenei momo, - whakapā tata o niho, i he hono i roto i conjugation.

paearu atu

Whakarōpū o nihowhiti mō te hoahoa whai hua e ki pūkete e taea e ratou tuwhera, me te kati. Ka taea te whakahaeretia Open tuku ki waho whakahinuhinu (onge) ranei, ranei atu kia tukinotia lubricants hinu motuhake.

Kati-iahiko pouaka whakaata, i roto i te tahuri, lubricated e tika ana ki te rumaki o te niho i roto i te hinu motuhake, e waipuke te whare (whakahinuhinu rumaki). I roto i ētahi wā, whakarato reira hanganga supply centralized i roto i te crankcase. I roto i tenei take kawea te whakatikatikanga rere hinu i roto i te tikanga o inductors motuhake.

Runga anō i te āhua o te tere hurihuri, kua wehea nga nihowhiti ki:

• e tukupu ana (i huaina ano hoki reducers). I roto i enei hōtaka te ōwehenga taputapu he rahi ake i rite ki te kotahi ranei.
• Multipliers - taputapu ōwehenga iti iho i te kotahi.

E te ara, te ōwehenga taputapu e rua pūmau, me te stepwise te whakarite mā te neke tika nga wira i runga i te take (hei tauira, tōnā).

'ulungaanga pai

ka hei Whakarōpū o nihowhiti oti ki te kore ki te whakaaro o ratou hua. Ina whakaritea ki ētahi atu momo o nihowhiti e te āhuatanga e:

• Processability.
• ōwehenga vilitakí.
• kaha kawenga High (ki runga, ki te 50,000 Kw).
• kakama faahiahia (ki runga, ki te 0.99).
• āhuatanga whānui iti whakaritea ki ētahi atu i tuku i te taua tikanga.
• tika High i roto i te mahi.
• Whakatākupe o tiaki.
• kawenga iti i runga i te ahunga me ngahaú.

'ulungaanga kino

Ko nga āhuatanga o nihowhiti, ka kitea tetahi o ratou:

• Te kore o te whai wāhi ki te huri i te ōwehenga taputapu tonu.
• kia ahumahi me te tika tāutanga i te taumata tiketike.
• Ko te takanga o te ngangau i te tere tiketike.
• āhuatanga damping rawakore.
• rahi nui ka nga toki o te tawhiti faahiahia peia me te peia ngahaú.
• titau taputapu motuhake, me ngā taputapu tapahi niho.
• Ko te paku ki te utu mō te kawenga hihiri e tika ana ki te pakeke teitei.
• Ko te kore o ngā āhuatanga haumaru. taea ki te tiaki i te mīhini tikanga ranei ki ngāwari te tereina taputapu ko.

nihowhiti hoki (huapai me ngā huakore, whakarōpū me momo tohua i runga ake) te whakamahi noatia ratou niho, hua i roto i te mahi tukutahi o kore ake atu i te rua niho o ia o nga wira, e te hunga i roto i te taha.

Ko te deformation o nga niho wira

whakaaturia hianga tika, me te mahi o te taputapu e i roto i te ngaro o te ngangau kaha, me te pukā i roto i te mahi. Ki te he ano rua o enei paearu hapanga, i taea e tino pai arahi reira ki te whakangaromanga o te niho wira. Whakarōpū o nihowhiti mō te whakaaro whakahaere hoki hanga ona ake whakatikatika ki te tuku o te mahi, engari i roto i nga mea whānui o te kino niho he rite whai:

• papa mahi deformation kirihou.
• Naianei.
• Jamming.
• Kakahu.
• Te pao.

I roto i aua wā i reira te wahi i maha nga niho puta kore kore tuku anake, engari tūkino ano hoki ki te ngā wae hāngai ana, ngā wāhanga (hei tauira, huna ahunga, ngahaú). he tika ki te wedging pakaru mahi atu mongamonga tenei.

Tino maha, kua whati nga niho no o ratou "rohirohi", e puta rite te putanga o te putanga me te whanaketanga ahu whakamua o kapiti. Ko atu angamaheni hoki nihowhiti kati tenei momo o te kino.

Kei te tino maha kitea abrasion o niho i roto i tuwhera nihowhiti, e tika ana ki te kătahi o te rohe te whai wāhi o ngā matūriki whakarewa, paru, puehu (abrasion). Hoki, kia kia rawakore whakahinuhinu te take, kia i tenei momo o te kākahu me te roimata kahore e inihua, me te pouaka whakaata kati-iahiko.

wira Manufacturing

He mea nui ki te mohio e te nihowhiti, huapai me ngā huakore, whakarōpū o e tei runga i o ratou āhuatanga hangarau me te tinana, e hanga o ngā rauemi rerekē.

Nuinga o ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te mahi he:

• Waro maitai o te kounga noa (St6, St5).
• High-māka maitai.
• steels patu.
• maka Kerei rino, me te kounga teitei.
• Ētahi rauemi konganuku-kore (bakelite, PCB).

Ko te nihowhiti tuku tino whānui whakamahia hanga o te rino, e tika ana ki te huinga ikeiketanga o te kaha, tika, me te taimaha. he pai hoki i tuku ohipa taimaha tēnei rauemi.

I roto i te tahuri, te whakamahia te maka rino hina mō te wira rere taupetupetu, me te pōturi tuwhera nihowhiti. He pai rino e kore te nga niho o nga wira i runga i taua mea tono rawa ki runga ki te whakahinuhinu, a pai urutau ki tetahi ki tetahi.

E hua nihowhiti kirihou mō ngā mīhini e rapua e mōrahi tuku mahi ata nui-tere, e kore e hiahia ana te reira i te ahumahi pū tiketike.

Pakeke me te maimoatanga wera

Nihowhiti, whakarōpū, tono o nei e kei hoki i runga i te kaha utanga hiahiatia ki te mamae maimoatanga wera.

Kei te conventionally wehea nga nihowhiti o parahi ki e rua ngā rōpū:

• Wheel ki te pakeke o raro 350 niho HB. hangaia te tohu taua te tika ki te haerenga whakapai ake rino ranei. Tonu tapahia niho i muri i maimoatanga wera.
• Wira, pakeke nui ake i 350 HB. Tenei pakeke taea te pakeke matū-waiariki: carburizing, nitriding, cyaniding, mata pakeke te whakamahi i ngā auau teitei.

Whakahinuhinu o nihowhiti

ka hei Whakarōpū o nihowhiti i runga i te wāhi o te niho oti ki te kore i whakaaro tatou te hinu o te gearing. I tahaki, e arotahi ana te tukanga whakahinuhinu kei i runga i tukupu i te tere o te kākahu o te niho, tohanga wera me matūriki iti auaha, te whakapai ake tōtika o te tuku katoa. Na roto i te whakamahi o lubricants-kounga tiketike faarahi wira ātete ki jamming. I roto i te tūranga o te whakahinuhinu kia hanga kirihou, wai me ngā rauemi mārō.

Kei te tino maha te hinu whakamahia ki te whakatuwhera i ngā hōtaka, e mahi ana i te pāmahana o te kore neke atu i 120 nekehanga. whakahaeretia hinu Mārō ano i tuwhera nihowhiti, engari te hunga pāmahana whakahaere rawa 100 degrees. Ko te tino rongonui ko te hinu wai. I whiwhi te rongonui rahi hinu hinu. Ko te rauemi hinu waihanga, e whakamahia ratou anake i roto i ngā take motuhake, no te mea he tino nui te utu ratou.

Ti'araa o hinu wai ngā:

• hinu Industrial - reta I.
• Hoki te whakamahi i roto i ngā pūnaha waipēhi - G.
• Hoki taimaha-ohipa tuku - T.
• Oil he anti-waikura, anti-hāora, tāpiritanga anti-kākahu, - P.
• Oil, e kua kore tetahi tāpiritanga - A.

potae wira

Whakarōpū o nihowhiti Heretua i roto i te whakatinanatanga māmā kua te puka e whai ake:

• Wheel taputapu Heretua ki niho tika.
• Ki te niho tangential.
• Mai i niho ānau.
• Ki te niho porohita.
• Ki te te aho o niho i roto i te puka involute.

Kei te tino maha nihowhiti Heretua Torotika whakamahia i roto i te taputapu waho, engari ngā āhuatanga ki te niho porohita e whai wāhi i roto i te taputapu.

Āhuatanga me iku'anga

Ko te tawhā matua e pou here ana i whakarōpū o nihowhiti, he rite whai:

• Tau o niho - Z.
• Mokowā: - he.
• Ko te whanui o te wira karauna - b.
• whakawātea-Pūtoro - ki.
• Ko te tiketike o nga waewae niho - ha.
• teitei niho - h.
• Te ware diameter - d.
• Ko te diameter tuatahi - DW.
• Ko te diameter o nga kōwhao o nga niho - dr.
• Ko te diameter o te runga niho - da.

Hanga o nihowhiti

E hanga wira taputapu i runga i ngā rārangi aunoa. E wehea ēnei rārangi tino motuhake ki poto, me te whānui. e pā ana te rōpū tuatahi te ki te tapahi me te oti nihowhiti anake. Ko te tuarua ko te huinga o ngā taputapu mō te ngā take e whakarato he hanga tino o nihowhiti. I roto i te e whakamahia taua rārangi mō ngā mīhini semiautomatic rawa atu maimoatanga taputapu utanga me unloading, me ētahi atu pūrere aunoatanga.

I roto i te hangarau wira rārangi production i waenganui i mīhini production te tino maha whakamahia kōrero waka ngāwari i roto i te puka o te whitiki, me te mekameka conveyors, me nga hariata whakawhiti turanga, e faaore i te takanga o dents atu mea kohakore ranei.