Āhuatanga tono me ngā āhuatanga matū: Tungsten

Kua taonga Mother Nature tangata huānga matū whai hua. Etahi o ratou e huna i roto i ona rire, a kua roto i roto i te nui ngā iti, engari ko te tino nui to ratou uara. Ko tētahi taua he Tungsten. meinga Taupānga o ona āhuatanga motuhake te.

me kī

XVIII rau - te rau tau o te kitea o te taka pūmotu - ka faufaa i roto i te aamu o tenei whakarewa.

I mua riro te reira oraraa o te taonga e whakatu nga momo kohuke e ārai ratou i rewa konganuku e hāngai ana. Hei tauira, kua tine kua whiwhi uaua, ki te roto i roto i te ore taua huānga. Ko te rerekētanga o te ira whakakoero me tauhohe matū arahi ki te hanganga o te para pahuka i, i heke te nui o te putanga tine.

I roto i te rau ko VIII whakarewa raupapa tuwhera pūtaiao Swedish Scheele me Spanish Elyuar teina. A ka rite ki te hua o ngā matū i runga i te hāora o toka kohuke - scheelite me wolframite.

Rēhita i roto i te pūnaha wā o huānga rite ki tau ngota 74. He whakarewa whakangutungutu onge ki te taimaha 183,84 ngota - he Tungsten. Ko tōna whakamahi Ko e tika ana ki te āhuatanga rerekē e te hunga tuwhera kē i roto i te rau tau XX.

Hea ki te titiro?

E ai ki te tokomaha i roto i nga whekau o te whenua ko ia he "malonaselyayuschim" me noho a wahi 28th. Ko reira he wāhanga o āhua 22 kohuke rerekē, engari faufaa mo tona production i anake 4 o ratou: (kei pā ana ki 80% trioxide) scheelite, wolframite, ka ferberite Gyubnera (e tito o 75-77% ia). maha kei roto i te tokahuke hanganga poke i roto i ētahi wā hua me te "tangohanga" o konganuku pērā i molybdenum, he tine, tantalum me pera atu. Ko nga putunga nui i roto i Haina, katatānga, Canada, te United States ano, i roto i Russia, Portugal, Uzbekistan.

Me pēhea te ki te tiki?

Nā ki te āhuatanga motuhake, me te he ihirangi iti i roto i te hangarau kamaka mo te whakaputa Tungsten parakore te uaua rawa.

1. wehenga autō, wehenga hiko tēnei waka ranei i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarangatira i te kukū ore ake ki te 50-60% o te Tungsten waikura.
2. Wehe o 99% waikura i te tauhohenga matū ki kawakore ranei tauhohenga waikawa me te wā o te purenga o te hohenga hua.
3. Ora i te whakarewa mā te waro hauwai ranei, tukua te paura whakarewa hāngai.
4. Production o ingots paura compacts sintered ranei.

Ko tētahi o nga wāhanga nui o te whakaputa hua maitai he paura metallurgy. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te ranunga o puehu o konganuku whakangutungutu, te pēhi me sintering muri. Ko te kupu i rite i te tokomaha nui o alloys hangarau nui tae atu Tungsten carbide, te tono nei te nuinga kitea i roto i te hanga ahumahi o tapahi taputapu me te mana ātete tiketike.

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū

Tungsten - hiriwa maitai tutu me te taimaha ki te wini whakakahokaho rōrahi-faatumuhia.

• ira whakakoero -? 3422 C.
• Kohua wāhi -? 5555 C.
• Kiato - 19,25 g / ^cm3.

Ko reira he pēne pai o nāianei hiko. Ehara i aukume. Ētahi kohuke (pērā i scheelite) kōrekoreko.

Ātete ki te mana o te waikawa, rauemi ha'iriiri i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana tiketike, te waikura, me te hoholo. Taupāhohe mana kino o poke i roto i te maitai, te whakapai ake o tona resistance wera, te waikura resistance me te hoki whai wāhi ki te tika o te Tungsten. Ko te whakamahi o taua alloys rino-waro whakatikaia ratou processability me abrasion resistance.

āhuatanga Mechanical me hangarau

Tungsten - mārō, whakarewa roa. Ko tōna pakeke ko 488 HB, kurut kaha - 1130-1375 MPA. A, no te matao, e kore e kirihou. ? I te pāmahana o 1600 C faarahi te ukanga ki te tūnga hanganga ture tino ki te maimoatanga pēhanga: rikarika ki, okeoke, tuhi. Kei te mohiotia te reira e 1 kg o te miro whakarewa taea ki te hanga i te roa tapeke o te 3 km.

Machining uaua e tika ana ki te pakeke nui, me te brittleness. Kōhao, tahuri, mira rauemi carbide volframokobaltovye whakamahia whakaputaina e te paura metallurgy. Iti maha, i kīia e iti, me ngā āhuatanga motuhake e tono i taputapu maitai tere nui koranu o Tungsten. e kore e hāngai parau tumu kotinga Paerewa, mai te taputapu rawa hohoro kakahu i roto i, me kapiti Tungsten tukatuka. Taua tikanga he:

1. maimoatanga matū me te impregnation o te apa mata, tae atu i te whakamahi o te hiriwa mo tenei whakaaro.
2. Whakawera i te mata te whakamahi i oumu, hau mura, he nāianei hiko o 0.2 A. te pāmahana whakaaetia i nei i reira ko etahi hua i roto i te ukanga me, reira, pai ake whakairo, -? 300-450 C.
3. Tapahi Tungsten whakamahi matū fusible.

Whakakoi me te huri te pai io kawea atu ki te awhina o taimana me taputapu CBN, i te iti rawa - corundum.

whakamana fehokotakianga o te whakarewa tutu te i raro i te nuinga i te mahi o te pewa hiko, Tungsten ranei waro kawehiko i roto i te hau e mangere tiaki taiao wai ranei. Ko taea hoki ki te whakamahi i resistance fehokotaki'anga.

He āhuatanga e wehewehe tona taimaha katoa tenei huānga ngā matū. Ko te kupu, hei tauira, Kei te āhuatanga i reira e ātete wera nui, me te kakahu ātete, whakapiki i te reira i te kounga me ngā āhuatanga tapahi o steels Tungsten doped, me rewa tiketike pāmahana taea hanga o nga rama kakawaea me mo electrodes mō fehokotaki'anga.

tono

Rarity, taketake me te faufaa o te whakamahi whānui take i roto i te hangarau hou o te whakarewa i huaina Tungsten - Tungsten. Ngā Āhuatanga me tono ki te whakatika i te utu tiketike o me te tono. tohu rewa High pāmahana, pakeke, kaha, resistance wera me te ātete ki te whakaeke matū me te waikura, ka kakahu ātete o tapahi āhuatanga - e ona kāri matua. Whakamahia take:

1. kakawaea.
2. Alloying steels i roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi nui-tere, kakahu-ātete, wera-ātete me alloys rino-waro wera-ātete, e kitea tono mo te hanga o ngā akoako me ētahi atu taputapu, nifó, puna me puna rau, he tereina.
3. Production o "paura" alloys totoka whakamahia matua rite te whakairo tino kakahu-ātete, he kōhao ranei taputapu taumaha.
4. Electrodes mō TIG me ātete fehokotaki'anga.
5. taipitopito Fabrication mō X-ray, me te engineering irirangi, ngā rama hangarau.
6. peita whakaputa tūrama Motuhake.
7. Waea me wahi mo te ahumahi matū.
8. Various mahi mea iti, hei tauira, Jig hī.

Te noaaraa te rongonui alloys rerekē, e ngā Tungsten. Field o tono o taua rauemi ētahi wā miharo - i engineering taimaha, me te ahumahi mutunga marama te wahi e hangaia papanga ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake (hei tauira, te ahi).

e kore e rauemi pūkenga tīariari. E whakanuia katoa huānga mohiotia me alloys tīmata e ratou mana āhua, me te hiahia mō te etahi wāhanga o te ora, me te ahumahi. Heoi, E etahi o ratou āhuatanga motuhake e hanga taea nga tukanga mua kāore e whaihua. Ko tētahi taua konganuku he Tungsten. Ko tōna whakamahi Ko e kore whānuitia rite taua o maitai, engari he tino whai hua, me te tika ki te taata nei ia whakatinanatanga.