Rāngai Ahumahi: momo, whakarōpū, whakahaere me te ohaoha. Ko te rāngai matua o te ōhanga

Ia whenua he ona ake pāmu. Ko te whakawhetai ki te ahumahi ki kapi te pūtea, i hanga nga taonga, hua, rauemi raw tika. Ko te tohu o te whanaketanga o te whenua te nuinga tei runga i te tōtika o te ōhanga ā-motu. Ko te teitei te whakawhanakehia reira, te atu te pūmanawa ōhanga o te whenua, me te, i runga i, te paerewa o te ora o ona tangata. Ahumahi-ārahi whakahaere o te ōhanga hanga he whekau motuhake. E mea pinepine hinonga rautaki nui te mana e te kāwanatanga.

Ko te ariā o rāngai ōhanga

Katoa pakihi, wheketere, ngā whare e rave i roto i te hanga o ngā hua ratonga o te momo kotahi ranei, kia etahi te ahumahi. Tino maha, kei te mahi ngātahi tahi te rāngai ahumahi. whakamahi rātou i roto i to ratou hanga o ngā rauemi, rauemi mata, taputapu i ētahi atu ahumahi. Ka taea te wehea rāngai katoa o te ōhanga ki e rua ngā rōpū. Ko te tuatahi ko te ahumahi keri. Kei te mahi te reira i roto i te tangohanga o kohuke me ētahi atu momo mata. Hoki i konei ngā kaimoana me te hua. Ko te kāwai tuarua - te ahumahi ahumahi. mahi tēnei momo i roto i te tukanga momo katoa o ngā rauemi mata. Ko te rāngai matua o te ōhanga - te reira tika te ahumahi, ahuwhenua, hanga, pūnaha ikiiki. Ratou, i roto i te tahuri, kua wehea ki ētahi atu iti-momo.

rohe ōhanga o Russia

Ko te whenua kua he tohatoha pāhiwihiwi o ngā rauemi kohuke. Ko Ko te aha kėia te peka Russian o te ōhanga te rohe ōhanga nui e rua: Eastern ko Western. Ko te tuatahi fakatahai Siberia, te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti me te āhuatanga e rāhui nui o ngā rauemi. Here te nuinga e te ahumahi maina. Ko te wahi ki te hauauru e kore turanga rauemi taua. Na reira, kei te nuinga tukatuka te rāngai ahumahi. I roto i tenei rohe kei te hāngai reira 2/3 o ngā wāhi ahumahi katoa.

Rāngai o te ōhanga. whakarōpū

I runga anō i te aha i te whakaaro o te hanga, ahumahi, ngā rōpū o "A" me "B". whai wāhi ana te tuatahi i roto i whakangao o tikanga o te hanga, te tuarua - hua kiritaki. wehewehe hoki i waenganui i te hanga me te nonproduction poi. Rāngai o te ōhanga e e hāngai ana ki te rängai ahumahi :

• ahumahi;
• torotoro waea, waka;
• ahuwhenua;
• ngahere;
• hanga;
• whakatutuki.

ratonga katoa, kėia ratonga tūmatanui production-kore ao:

• tiaki hauora;
• mātauranga;
• taputapu;
• toi, ahurea;
• te pūtea, penihana;
• Pūtaiao me te t. D.

Gas, te hinu, ahumahi waro

Fuel me pūngao matatini o te whenua - he tohu tino nui o tona whanaketanga me te pūmanawa ōhanga. ahumahi Gas ngā tūhura o mara hau, tona production, transportation, me te whakamahi. Hei whakaputa i hau tūturu ngā utu ngāwari. Hei tauira, nui waro keri utu te utu o te hau production neke atu i te 10 ngā wā. Kei te titiro te ahumahi hinu mo putunga, hanga, me te tuku o te hinu. Ratau tangohia me te kapuni. Ko te tino utu ko te ahumahi waro. Stone, waro parauri keri te i roto i te maina. Enei rāngai o te ōhanga e rapu he haumi pūtea nui, me te he maha nui o ngā rauemi tangata.

mana hiko

Hoki te wahie, me te pūngao matatini me ngā ano te hanga, me te tohatoha o te pūngao hiko. Kei te whakaputaina te reira e tipu mana waiariki, karihi me otaota mana hurihiko. teihana Heat whakamahia mo te hanga o te hau, waro, Peat hinu wahie ranei. I to ratou mahana ngingiha e tahuri pūngao ki pūngao hiko. I runga i nga takutai o tinana nui o te wai e hanga he teihana mana hurihiko. Production utu o te hiko e ratou nui raro. Ki te kahore awa, me rakau nui o wahie, nga otaota te mana karihi hangaia te rohe. whakamahi ratou mahi tokahuke konukarihi. kohi Fuel i tino iti. Ko tētahi atu painga undoubted - tiaki i tētahi taiao ma. Ko te kupu hou i roto i te pūngao - tipu mana waiariki. whakamahi rātou i te wera ā-o te whenua (kei tata te puia).

metallurgy

Manga o te ōhanga o whenua maha (tae atu Russia) ngā te hanga o konganuku ferrous me kore-ferrous. Tutakina metallurgy huringa tonu (rino, maitai, whakataka atu) me te poaka i roto i nei kahore rino. I runga i te wāhi o tenei momo pānga te wātea o ngā rauemi mata, me te pūngao. whai wāhi peka o te ōhanga o Russia e i roto i te hanga o te rino, me te whakataka atu maitai - tetahi o nga kau taki ao. he maha o ngā āhuatanga hangarau whakarewa ahumahi kore-ferrous kua. Tuatahi o te ore keri katoa, na reira ko ratou haamaitairaa. kareti hua, whakarewa masivesivá. Hei hoatu i te āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana me ngā tawhā o te mahi para whakamana te. Tohatoha hanga o taimaha (konukōreko, mata, he tine) me te marama (konumohe, Titanium) konganuku. Ko te rauemi-tino Metallurgy o konganuku taimaha: titau te hanga o tetahi ton o whakarewa he torutoru rau taranata o ore. Te nuinga o enei kamupene e kei tata nga puna o ngā rauemi mata.

engineering

Kamupene engineering aunoa me tango ki te pūkete he maha o ngā āhuatanga: te wātea o ngā rauemi mata, me te kiritaki, ngā kaimahi tino tohu, waka pai, me te wāhi matawhenua. Kei roto i tēnei te rāngai e whai ake ōhanga: ahumahi automotive, car-hanga, kaipuke, tarakihana. i roto i tēnei kāwai hoki ngā mea hanga, hanga o taputapu whare me rorohiko hiko. Kei te whai wāhi hoki te ahumahi i roto i te hanga o nga wahi me ngā wāhanga.

Enterprises o te rakau, ahumahi matū

Production o ahumahi rakau tatou te whakatau i nga ra. Tenei pukapuka, me te taonga, me te ake. whai wāhi rāngai ahumahi rakau e i roto i te kohinga, te tukatuka me te hangarua o te rakau. E mea pinepine e kei enei pakihi i roto i te rohe ki nga whakatokanga hoki whānui o rakau. manufactures ahumahi Wood hanga wāhanga i hanga o te rakau, kahupapa, taonga. Ano hoki, i tenei rohe ngā te ahumahi mira. pāmu penupenu me te pepa o te ahumahi hua pepa, pepa, penupenu, pepa tākai me te ake. Tohatoha rite ahumahi teriuma. Kei te whai wāhi te reira i roto i te whakangao o whakarewa, waihā mewaro, paparetanga production. ahumahi matū tā hanga muka, waikano, kirihou me te ahumahi peita. i roto i tenei matatini hoki ngā Pūtaiao, hanga o ngā rauemi waihanga organic, matū whare.

peka o te ahuwhenua

Agriculture Ko te wahi tino nui o te ōhanga, i roto i te meka, whakarato reira te taupori ki te kai. Kei te wehea tēnei kāwai ki mara kararehe me te māra o nga mea katoa o te tipu (hua, huawhenua, purapura, me hua ahumahi, a na i runga i. N.). ngä Agricultural e uri kararehe - he kararehe-tupuranga (kai, momo miraka), hipi, heihei. He hoki pāmu mō te whakatipu poaka, hoiho, ika, kararehe huruhuru-amo. Ko hoki Beekeeping tetahi o nga wāhanga o kararehe.