Te tuuraa i te tokotoko: momo, whakaahuatanga, ti'araa

Electricians - tetahi o nga ngaio tino mōrearea. I roto i te tikanga ki te pai te tiaki i te tokotoko, te kamupene whakarato ona kakahu mahi me hu ki te tiaki ki pewa hiko. E tenei puta tonu taputapu whaiaro paruru (PPE) me taputapu mana ngaio. utua ngā aro te ki te mahi i raro i te ahotea me i teitei. Hei whakarato i tenei atu taputapu mahi ki ngā āhuatanga tauārai ki pewa hiko. Ēnei ngā harnesses, arawhata, nga whariki. Ko tētahi o nga whakaaro o te moni, e taea te pēnei ki te PPE me ki te taputapu, ko te tokotoko te tuuraa.

He aha e whakamana i te reira? Tenei momo o te taputapu taea ki te mahi tahi me ngā pūnaha hiko e te hunga i raro i te ngaohiko, engari e kore e nui atu 550 kV. Tei runga i te taumahinga, kua wehea enei taputapu ki e rua ngā momo matua. He tokotoko whakahaere, me te ine. Ratou āhuatanga ka titiro tatou ki muri i roto i tenei tuhinga.

āhuatanga hoahoa

Ko te taputapu ko te kakau, e taea te wehea ki toru wāhanga. Tenei kakau, mātao, me te mahi wahi. Ka taea te motumotu he taputapu taua mo te hiko telescopic ranei. Home - whakarato huānga tuuraa kaha o te hononga hono. Hoki tenei whakaaro kia whakamahi tetahi toromoka whakarewa motuhake, engari e kore e me to ratou roa tapeke nui rima ōrau o te roa o te wahi te tuuraa.

Whakahaere matamata hanga o whakarewa o te rauemi uruhanga ranei me, i runga i te whakaaro rānei, ka taea e whai i te puka rerekē, me te taumahinga.

hanga te wahi te tuuraa i te o ngā rauemi e kore e e whakahaere te hiko. Hei tauira, ka taea e te mea rapa pakeke, Bakelite, rakau me etahi atu. E ai ki te hangarau kohuatia ratou tino i roto i te harakeke Hemp ranei te hinu, maroke. I muri iho, pani te rauemi runga te ki te wanihi tuuraa ki te te tiaki i te reira ki te kătahi o te houku roto.

whakamana ana te kakau te tino maha i te rauemi taua rite te wahi te tuuraa i. I waenganui i enei wahi Me whakarite mowhiti mutu e ārai whakapā ki te ringa, me te wahi tuuraa. Me mahi i te limiter i te iti rawa tekau mitamano me te whai i te teitei o te kore iti iho i te toru mitamano.

Ko te roa tapeke o te pae o te kāwanatanga Tau paerewa 20494-2001 ( "te tuuraa i rakau, me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te -nuku, kawe - Whakatakotoranga Hangarau"), tei runga i te ngaohiko o te tāutanga hiko, i hanga te mahi.

I roto i ngā pūnaha ki te ngaohiko whakamahia nui atu i 350 kV taputapu ki te mahi e rua electricians ki pupuri pūrere.

Ko te tawhā matua

e kore e Taumaha o te taputapu mo te tangata kotahi nui waru kirokaramu. Ko te kaha i runga i tetahi i te ringa mo te kakaho whanganga kore me nui 80H, mo te tahi atu momo ki 160N. Ko te roa o te wahi te tuuraa me te kakau tei runga i te nui o te ngaohiko, rite ki GOST 20494-2001.

huānga Scope

Ka taea te kawea whakatinanatanga o mahi i raro i te mānukanuka i te tikanga o te pae i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko kati, ranei i runga i te huarahi, engari i roto i te rangi maroke. I roto i kore take e kore e taea te whakamahi i tenei hua i roto i te ua, te hukarere rangi ranei i roto i kohu, drizzle. I raro i taua tikanga huarere, i reira te mea he mōrearea nui o ru hiko, i roto i ētahi wā ka taea e arahi ki hopearaa mate.

Ki tenei taputapu mahi ngā mahi ki disconnectors, te huringa o te wiki tautuhinga tūemi dischargers check tawhiti i runga i ngā rārangi mana, me nga teihanaroto, hua whakamahia whakakikorua -nuku, kawe te rite te tikanga o te tuku i te tangata o nāianei hiko i whati, hua ine mahi.

kia whakaaro te reira i atu i roto i taipitopito me te taea o te whakarerekētanga o ia momo.

amo Tie

E wha hoki nga tu o taumahinga matua:

• SHO (tuuraa Whakahaere). Kei te whakamahia te reira mo te tokomaha nui o mahi i te matenga replaceable. Tono i runga i te pūnaha hiko ngaohiko ki runga ki te 220 kV AC DC ranei.
• SCO (whakaora). Ka taea te whakamahi i te reira ki te whakaora tangata i ngā rohe hikitia ki ngaohiko ki runga, ki te 110 kV. ngā mahi tāpiri kawea atu e te tuku faarahi te tūponotanga ki whakahauora i te pārurenga.
• SHOW (Universal tuuraa tokotoko). Whakamahia i runga i utanga hiko rite SHO. Ko te tau mōrahi o replaceable wahi mahi whakanuia ana te taumahinga.
• SHZP (paparua whenua). whakamahia hoki i runga i tāuta hiko ki ngaohiko ki runga, ki te 220 kV AC DC ranei. Tenei huarahi ka taea te urutaunga ki te wahi ki te ngaohiko wäriu tāutanga momotunga te kanohi ranei. Na roto i te mahi ki a SHZP tino whakaiti i te maha o puranga hiko.

Rod tere o e āhei ki a koutou te mahi i te mahi e tika ana i raro i te ahotea. mawehe tenei te mōrea o te ru hiko. Ko te mea matua - ki te mau i te tikanga o te mahi, tirohanga, me te whakamātautau o te taputapu whaiaro paruru.

"Te hi'opo'ai te"

He tūranga motuhake ko ki te whakarato i kūmau kiriweti. Huānga taea whakakapinga o fuses i roto i ngā utanga hiko ki te 1 kV me runga ake. Kei te whakamahia hoki ratou mo tango o nga upoko, taiepa i roto i te tāuta ake ki te 350 kV. Whakaaetia ki te whakakapi i tenei momo o te taputapu tokotoko whakahaere ao, me te matenga mahi tēnā.

Te rahi me te taimaha o tenei taputapu me whakarite he mahi whakamarie mo te tangata kotahi. kia te wahi te tuuraa i me te kakau kia hangaia o ngā rauemi he āhuatanga uruhanga me te antistatic.

Moni nohinohi rawa kia hanga ratou o electrically te tuuraa i rauemi whakarewa ranei. I runga i te huruhuru maitai kia mau hinu-ātete ngongo ki i mahi e kore e tūkino i te mata o te cartridges.

Te taha te roa o kūmau kiriweti e ti'aturi i runga i te ngaohiko ano:

• I te ngaohiko o 1-10 kV te roa wāhanga tuuraa - 450 mm, te kakau - 150 mm.
• I te ngaohiko o 10-35 kV te roa o te wahi tuuraa - 750 mm, te kakau - 200 mm.

ine

Mā te tenei mana ngaio, he reira taea ki te whakatau i te hūpeke, te maturuturunga iho ngaohiko i roto i te teihana hiko kei roto i te aratau whakahaere noa. E rua ngā tikanga: te whakamahi i ngā hoapā ine pāmahana tika ranei e ine ongo ngaohiko.

Ko te upoko ruri he āputa mura, faata'i i roto i te taiwhanga. Kei te whakaturia te reira i te uara e manakohia mōkito. Ko te upoko te mahi i roto i te hononga whakarara ki te wahi karapahia, i te tikanga o ngā tohu, whakaatu ana te aroaro ngaro o te ngaohiko ranei. He mea nui i te wa o te whakahaere i te tāutatanga hiko kei roto i te aratau whakahaere noa.

E toru ngā momo matua:

• IDCs. Tenei pūrere whakarato te kaha ki te huri i te tawhiti i waenganui i te electrodes, e taea ana ki te whiwhi i te inenga raraunga tika te nuinga.
• Shi. I roto i taua pūrere tāuta te atatohu microammeter ki ātete atu ki te 160 megohms. Tei runga i te tikanga inenga, huringa i roto i te kete pōkai rohe mahi ki waea e kua hono ki te terminals. Pōkai tono ki te insulator whakahaeretia, i reira te mea he hononga whakarara. E whakaatu ana Microammeter pere te hua o te inenga.

Shi taputapu whakamahia mo te tikanga tuarua. pōkai Mounted hoki ine i te pāmahana o te hoapā.

• kūmau Electrical. Ko te hiko o nāianei ki te taiawhio autō wahia. Hoki kaiwhakahaere tuatahi awhiowhio whakamahia ki te nāianei i whanganga ano, me te tuarua kati ki te mea ruri ranei te waea mamati ranei.

tikanga whakahaere

Ko te pae tuuraa ki te whakamahi i roto i tētahi taiao ki te tikanga pāmahana i haunga te 45 ° C ki me 40 ° C i te haumākū whanaunga o 98% i te 25 ° C.

Kaua e whakamahi i te pūrere:

• Kaua e whai i nga tiwhikete e hāngai ana, ka i kore haere te whakamātautau, aua, e kore e e whakatau paerewa haumaru.
• Hē. Me hanga ana taua whakaaro. Na ka whakamatauria. whiwhi te raraunga anake te whakatau i runga i te whakamahi anō ranei tikanga o te taputapu.
• Makuku. I roto i te paki.
• Ki te whakamahi o te tautoko (arawhata) mō te ine ngā mahi.

Hei mahi i runga i te pūnaha whakaaetia kaimahi hiko ki ngā tukunga e tika ana. Me rite rawa ia kaimahi ki te huinga tonu o te taputapu whaiaro paruru, tae atu ki ngā karapu tuuraa, te tuuraa i pūtu, kakahu ki te tiaki ki pewa hiko, mōwhiti me respirator. Ka āwhina i tenei katoa nui taea ki te tiaki i te kaimahi i puranga hiko.

I mua i te mahi te tuuraa i tokotoko me tika kia i raro ki te tirohanga ataata. I roto i te hui o te rapunga tetahi he kia whakakapia e tetahi atu tauira.

A, no te mahi kawea te whakamātautau aunoa i waho. Kia te whakahaere i te pūrere maturuturunga whakaritea, me te mau hooraa kitea kohakore. i raro pūrere mua te ki te hanga.

whakamātautau

Mai te mahi i runga i te tāutanga hiko no ki te kāwai o te taputapu kino mō te hiko i raro ki te tirohanga pakari me te mana. Ano, i runga i te taputapu i te wheketere rānei e whakamatautau. E ai ki a GOST 20494-2001, taea e ratou:

• Whakaae. Kawea atu hoki ia hua.
• Hautaka. E tika ana kia ngohengohe ki ia tokotoko.
• Angamaheni. Tīpakongia whakahaere whakamātautau o toru tauira o te taua momo. ka waiho te reira e tika ana ki te kawe i roto i nga mea katoa o ngā whakamātautau.

ngā katoa whakamātautau hua te wheketere ki te awhina o rawa whakangungua iwi e whai i te taumata etahi o kātakí, ka whakangungua me tohu. Me whakamana i ēnei ngā mahi i roto i te wā, pānga reira i te oraraa, me te haumaru o te hiko hauora.

Ko te rārangi o ngā whakamātautau:

• tirohanga Visual. Taki te Mōkī, tapanga me te tākai. Arowhai mō te tuhinga e hiahiatia ana me tikanga e hāngai ana o Haumarutanga.
• Tirohia ki te tānga wheketere. Kua Hua ki te awhina o ine mea kia he tāpiritanga tino o ngā tawhā.
• Manatokonga o te kaha uruhanga. Kawea mai te ngaohiko o te auau arumoni AC tono kotahi e kore neke atu i rima meneti. A, no te taea e te noho tenei ngaohiko ara ki 1/3 uara. kia maeneene te hua atu. tirohia Mahi me te mātao o te kakau. Ki te kahore he faingamālie ki te whakamatautau i te wāhanga ine tonu, ka tenei wahi o te wāhanga taki tokotoko. Ki te haumate, whakawera rohe i te mate uruhanga, kua kitea ngaa rukenga mata, e whakaaro ai e pai te haere i te hua te whakamātautau.
• whakamātautau kurut. Kei te whakaritea tetahi pito o te tokotoko, te tahi atu mā te kawenga i raro i te wīra huri te ki kawenga mōrahi ranei. oti pai te Test ki kahore he kino e kitea.
• Piko whakamātautau. Kei te whakapae whakaritea te hua i rua ngā i te mutunga o te whakakai kaitiaki me kakau. haere Rod tauira te whakamātautau, ki te kahore he kino kitea.
• Taki i te kaha nui i runga i te ringa. tokotoko Whakapae whakaritea noaa ki e rua ira - te mua (50 mm i te whakakai kaitiaki), me te muri (50 mm i te mutunga kakau) tautoko. Mita i runga i te tautoko mua, me te ahua e kore e nui ake 160N. Te tuuraa i te tokotoko ki runga ki 1000V whakamātautau kore te tenei tirohanga kitea.

Ki te he kino te hua, he mea e tika ana ki te whakahaere i te tukanga tuarua ki te maha nui o ngā tauira. Ki te korerotia te raraunga kei te, ka mau ahua katoa o ngā hua, ka opani te tuku o te rōpū hou ki te rapu me te whakakore i nga take o tohu kino. I roto i taua āhuatanga, kua whiti te pane whakamātautau i roto i roto i te whero.

kawea whakamātautau katoa i roto i rite ki rekureihana o nāianei. Hoki whakamātautau whakahaere o ngā pūrere whakaputaina nga rua tau e, mo te inenga - kotahi te tau.

Tīpakonga o taputapu

Ki ngā te kaimahi i ki te taputapu PPE tika tika, kia titiro i te paerewa motu e hāngai ana, me te tikanga. Te reira e tauturu ki te whiriwhiri i te mōkihi tika mō ia momo o te mahi.

Tāutahia i runga i te utu tokotoko te tuuraa i ka whai wāhi nui hoki te kiritaki i roto i te kōwhiri i te pūrere. I te toharite ko reira 500 moni. Otiia e kore e whai i te whakaaro cheap. Me āta whakaaro i te pūtāhui wheketere - te kaiwhakanao me te tuhinga hoatu ki a ratou. hua katoa Me haere whakamātautau hoko-i mua, me te whai i te pane e tika ana.

hua

Roto i te whakamutunga, e hiahia ana ahau ki te mōhio e kore e taea e te ao hou whakaaro ratou kahore hiko. Na, kahore he ine tokotoko e kore e taea te haapae atoa. Ko reira pakeke ki te whakaaro he aha e tupu ki te whakawhiti i te ao atu i te tokotoko, te hiko. Pea i reira ka haere mai te hepohepo, me te aitua. Na reira, kia ki te faatura nui, me te whakaute ki te iwi te taviniraa i te tāutanga, me te mana e tika ana kia rite ki te nui e taea e koe ki te whakarato ratou ki e tika ana taputapu tiaki whaiaro katoa.

Na, ka kitea e matou e ko te taputapu hangarau hei tokotoko te tuuraa i tenei.